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Biomedical subjects

M L Elliott

Publications and source records attributed to M L Elliott.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Viability and stability of biological control agents on cotton and snap bean seeds.

Cotton and snap bean were selected for a multi-year, multi-state regional (south-eastern USA) research project to evaluate the efficacy of both commercial and experimental bacterial and fungal biological control agents for the management of damping-off diseases. The goal for this portion of the project was to determine the viability and stability of biological agents after application to seed. The biological seed treatments used included: (1) Bacillaceae bacteria, (2) non-Bacillaceae bacteria, (3) the fungus Trichoderma and (4) the fungus Beauveria bassiana. Seed assays were conducted to evaluate the following application factors: short-term (< or = 3 months) stability after seed treatment; quality (i.e. isolate purity); compatibility with chemical pesticides and other biocontrol agents; application uniformity between years and plant species. For the bacterial treatments, the Bacillaceae genera (Bacillus and Paenibacillus) maintained the greatest population of bacteria per seed, the best viability over time and the best application uniformity across years and seed type. The non-Bacillaceae genera Burkholderia and Pseudomonas had the least viability and uniformity. Although Beauveria bassiana was only evaluated one year, the seed fungal populations were high and uniform. The seed fungal populations and uniformity for the Trichoderma isolates were more variable, except for the commercial product T-22. However, this product was contaminated with a Streptomyces isolate in both the years that it was evaluated. The study demonstrated that Bacillaceae can be mixed with Trichoderma isolates or with numerous pesticides to provide an integrated pest control/growth enhancement package.

Bacillaceae↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of the binding site for a novel class of noncompetitive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonists.

The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor is an ionotropic glutamate receptor that mediates fast excitatory synaptic transmission throughout the central nervous system. In addition to the glutamate binding site, allosteric modulatory sites on the receptor are inferred from the ability of synthetic compounds to affect channel function without interaction with the glutamate binding site. We have identified a novel class of potent, noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists typified by CP-465, 022 and CP-526,427. The latter compound was radiolabeled and used to elucidate the pharmacology of one allosteric modulatory site. [(3)H]CP-526,427 labels a single binding site in rat forebrain membranes with a K(d) value of 3.3 nM and a B(max) of 7.0 pmol/mg of protein. The [(3)H]CP-526,427 binding site does not seem to interact directly with the glutamate binding site but overlaps with that for another class of AMPA receptor antagonists, the 2,3-benzodiazepines. This binding site is distinct from that for the antagonist Evans blue and for several classes of compounds that modulate AMPA receptor desensitization. These results indicate the existence of at least two physically distinct allosteric sites on the AMPA receptor through which channel activity or desensitization is modulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Head injury and sexual dysfunction.

An extensive review of the head injury and human sexuality literature was completed, to augment an understanding of the impact of traumatic head injury on sexual functioning. Despite clinical evidence that sexual dysfunction after head injury is prevalent and of great import, sexual concerns have been neglected in much of the post-traumatic head injury and rehabilitation literature. Characteristics of head injury concerning cerebral physiology, post-traumatic sequelae, and the effects on sexual functioning are examined. Rehabilitation and family/spouse literature was also examined for information on sexuality. The majority of this article reviews research on sexual sequelae after head injury, such as impulsiveness/inappropriateness, changes in libido and sexual frequency, global sexual difficulties, and specific sexual dysfunctions. Treatment models for the sexual problems after head injury are also reviewed and found to be limited in number. Treatment issues and suggestions are addressed. This article provides information about the sexual problems of head-injured patients to facilitate the development of diagnostic and intervention programmes.

Brain↗
PubMed1995

Recurrent hemarthrosis following a total knee arthroplasty.

The case of a recurrent hemarthrosis of a total knee arthroplasty after the sixth postoperative month is described. Because of disabling pain, the patient underwent an explorative arthrotomy 18 months after implantation of the total knee arthroplasty. A hypertrophied vascular mass of synovium was discovered in the lateral gutter and excised with an associated synovectomy. Since the arthrotomy, the hemarthrosis has not recurred. Therefore, in cases of recurrent hemarthrosis of a total knee arthroplasty that becomes disabling, exploration by arthrotomy should be considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The Mammography Quality Standards Act of 1992. History and philosophy.

The Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) of 1992 established a precedent in the practice of mammography by creating federal quality standards for all parts of the mammography system. Heralded by some as crucial so all US women can reap the full benefits of early detection of breast cancer, MQSA implementation was delegated to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on June 2, 1993. In this article the major historical forces that surrounded MQSA's enactment as well as the FDA's philosophy on regulation development, inspections, and compliance under MQSA is summarized.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Focal hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver. A rare cause of hemoperitoneum.

A 44-year-old white female developed hepatic hemorrhage due to focal hepatic necrosis. This is the only reported case of its kind we have found. No other underlying processes were identified except for the chronic use of oral conjugated estrogens. The possible role of steroids and a possible relationship to the pathogenesis of peliosis hepatis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Investigation of herpes simplex virus type 1 genes encoding multiply inserted membrane proteins.

The herpes simplex virus type 1 genome contains four open reading frames (ORFs) which are predicted to encode hydrophobic proteins with the potential to cross a membrane several times. The products of these genes (genes UL10, UL20, UL43 and UL53) have not previously been identified. To investigate the role of these proteins in the virus life cycle, we attempted to inactivate the genes individually by inserting the lacZ gene from Escherichia coli within the ORFs. Using this approach we have isolated insertion mutants for UL10 and UL43, as well as a deletion mutant lacking the majority of the UL43 ORF. The growth of the UL10-lacZ virus was slightly impaired in tissue culture compared to that of the wild-type virus parent, whereas the growth of the UL43 mutants was indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus. Furthermore, deletion of the majority of the UL43 ORF did not impair the ability of the virus to replicate in vivo at the periphery, or to spread to and replicate within the nervous system, in a mouse ear model. Repeated attempts to isolate lacZ insertion mutants for UL20 and UL53 were unsuccessful, suggesting that these genes may be essential for virus growth, at least in tissue culture. Using antipeptide sera, the products of genes UL10 and UL20 have been detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Reliability of white blood cell counting.

The Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program has successfully operated mandatory proficiency testing for 13 years in Ontario, Canada, using committees of volunteer peers. This is an alternative to gubernatorial proficiency testing. Using white blood cell (WBC) count determinations as a focus, we present our results. Ninety-six percent of participants attained WBC count results within +/- 10% of an all-methods mean and 77% attained results within +/- 5%. Ninety-six percent displayed satisfactory precision. Details of the program, ie, testing material, computer analysis, reference results, and scope of committee action, are discussed. In 1975, clinical expectations for WBC count determinations greatly exceeded most laboratories' capabilities. By 1987, participants were able to produce reliable, clinically useful WBC count results. The paramount reason for this improvement is the transition from manual to automated counting methods resulting from the stimulus of proficiency testing and the concomitant education.

Electronics, Medical↗
PubMed1985

The use of "impotence" and "frigidity": why has "impotence" survived.

The negative connotations and decreased utility of the terms "impotence" and "frigidity" prompted an investigation of their use in the literature. Psychological Abstracts were reviewed from 1940 to 1983 for titles containing these terms. It was found that both impotence and frigidity titles fluctuated at low levels from 1940 to 1969. Frigidity titles then increased slightly, but dropped to zero after 1979. Impotence titles, however, have continued to increase at a significant rate. Classic sexual behavior and therapy works are reviewed to explain this discrepancy since both terms are equally inappropriate.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1983

Nicotine gum in smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

Sixty subjects were run in a study comparing the use of nicotine gum with placebo gum during cessation from smoking. Subjects were given clinic support and chewed the gum ad libitum. A survival analysis showed the two groups differed significantly in successful abstinence over time (p less than .03). Differences between groups appeared early (within weeks) and, at six months, a 28% superiority of nicotine over placebo gum was demonstrated with mean success rates of 48% and 20%, respectively. Between six months and one year, relapse in the nicotine group accounted for the 30% vs. 20% success rates for nicotine and placebo observed at one year. In a pilot study ("dispensary") testing the efficacy of the two gums when intervention was minimal, subjects in both groups resumed smoking within the first two weeks. The enhanced short-term success rates with nicotine gum in the clinic study are attributed to an effective interaction between use of the active preparation and clinic support. Long-term cessation may require extended maintenance procedures and/or an identification of optimal gum use.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Effect of the nature and amount of dietary energy on lipid composition of rat gingival tissue.

1. The effect of the nature and amount of dietary energy on the lipid composition of rat gingival tissue was studied. Male weanling rats were given one of three iso-energetic diets: high-carbohydrate, high-protein and extremely high-protein, or a fourth high-fat diet, for 49 d. 2. The high-carbohydrate, extremely high-protein and high-fat diets caused significant increases in the gingival levels of total lipids compared with the normal-protein diet. These increases in total lipids were due primarily to increases in the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol esters. There were no significant differences in the fatty acid composition of either non-polar or polar lipids among rats given the high-carbohydrate diet and those given the high-protein diet. 3. A composition of the fatty acid composition of lipids of rats given the extremely high-protein diet and the other two iso-energetic diets revealed that the proportion of palmitic acid was higher and the proportion of oleic acid was lower to animals given the extremely high-protein diet than in animals given the other two diets. Compared with the three iso-energetic low-fat diets, the high-fat diet caused decreases in the proportion of palmitic and palmitoleic acids and increases in the proportion of linoleic, arachidonic and docosapentaenoic acids in total fatty acids of both no-polar and polar lipids. It should be noted that the high-fat diet contained a high proportion of linoleic acid and it is expected that this diet would raise the 18:2 fatty acid content of the lipids and also would raise the 20:4 and 22:5 levels as 18:2 is an essential fatty acid and will, with its metabolites, be directly incorporated into tissue lipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Drug-induced ataxia in opponents elicits "pathological" fighting in undrugged rats exposed to footshock.

One member of a pair of rats was administered either mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), pentobarbital, or ethanol intraperitoneally twenty minutes prior to exposure to footshock in the presence of an undrugged opponent. At high doses, all drugs elicited biting from the undrugged rat of sufficient intensity to produce injury to its drugged opponent. Low doses produced species-typical fighting behavior which consisted of striking each other with their forepaws while upright and failed to elicit biting. Biting attacks by the undrugged rat were highly correlated with ataxic behavior by the drugged rat. Conversely, species-typical aggressive behavior was highly correlated with behaviors such as boxing or upright threat posture. These results suggest that drug-induced ataxic behavior may disinhibit mechanisms that regulate intra-species behavior, thus producing behavior that is more typical of inter-species aggression.

Aggression↗
PubMed1981

Modality effects in short term recognition memory.

Retention was assessed using a four-alternative recognition test in a modified Brown-Peterson paradigm. Performance decreased with the length of the distraction interval at a faster rate when the test modality (auditory or visual) did not match the presentation modality than when test and presentation modalities did match. These results, which were replicated in a second experiment, were interpreted in terms of a dual-access model of the recognition process and a feature conception of memory codes. Also, in Experiment 1, modality-specific encoding was not circumvented by dual-modality presentation (auditory plus visual): dual-modality presentation resulted in performance comparable to that observed following visual presentation. When subjects were instructed to attend to both modalities equally in Experiment 2, the pattern of results reflected a corresponding shift in attentional bias but modality-dependent encoding was circumvented only partially. This result was interpreted as being inconsistent with either the notion of modality-specific processing capacities or dual-code theory.

Adult↗