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Biomedical subjects

M L Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to M L Bauer.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Estradiol-17 beta effects on lipid metabolism of adipose tissue in nutritionally induced lean and obese ovariectomized ewes.

Nutritionally manipulated lean (68 kg) and obese (87 kg) ovariectomized ewes were administered estradiol-17 beta (E2) or sham implants. Ewes individually had ad libitum access to corn silage. Rates of de novo lipogenesis, palmitate esterification, and glycerol and fatty acid release were determined with slices of subcutaneous adipose tissue at 0, 5, and 30 d after implantation. Condition and E2 interacted over time (linear, P less than .12; quadratic, P less than .05) to affect intake. Lean ewes implanted with E2 decreased intake initially after implantation, whereas obese ewes implanted with E2 decreased intake later after implantation. The linear effect of time x condition x E2 interacted (P less than .02) for lipogenesis. Lipogenesis was inhibited in both the lean and obese ewes implanted with E2. Lean compared with obese ewes without E2 had increased lipogenesis at a faster rate over time. Esterification increased (linear, P less than .01) in the lean ewes and decreased (quadratic, P less than .01) in the obese ewes over time. A time x E2 interaction occurred for esterification (P less than .02). Glycerol and fatty acid release were variable over time within condition and E2. A 48-h adipose tissue culture determined the effect of E2 on lipid metabolism. Estradiol-17 beta decreased (P less than .05) lipogenesis, decreased (P less than .08) esterification, and maintained fatty acid and glycerol release. Data in vivo and in culture indicated that E2 acted to decrease de novo lipogenesis and palmitate esterification and had little or no effect on lipolysis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Influence of dietary forage and energy intake on metabolism and acyl-CoA synthetase activity in bovine ruminal epithelial tissue.

Twenty calves (7 mo old) were blocked by breed, sex, and weight into five groups of four calves and randomly assigned to either a 90% forage (alfalfa) or a 90% grain (50% sorghum and 50% wheat) diet fed at one (1M) or two (2M) times NEm for 140 d. Samples of ruminal epithelial tissue were collected from the anterior ventral sac, and papillae were cut free by hand and used for in vitro incubations and acyl-CoA synthetase assays. Substrates were acetate (90 mM), propionate (60 mM), butyrate (30 mM), and glucose (20 mM). Net productions of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate from acetate were greater (P less than .01) with the 2M feeding; however, 14CO2 production from acetate was greater (P less than .05) with the grain diet. Net production of lactate (P = .09) and pyruvate (P less than .01) from propionate increased with the 2M feeding, whereas net lactate production from glucose decreased (P less than .01). Uptakes of VFA were similar with 1M and 2M feeding and were about 10-fold greater than uptakes of glucose. Production of 14CO2 from propionate was two- to fivefold greater than from acetate, butyrate, or glucose. Oxygen consumption was greater (P less than .01) with 2M feeding and unaffected by substrate. Activities of butyryl-CoA synthetase (nmol.mg of tissue-1.h-1) were greater (P less than .05) for animals consuming the forage diets. Addition of butyrate inhibited acetyl- and propionyl-CoA synthetase activity by 63 and 92%, respectively for all dietary treatments. Overall, metabolism of ruminal epithelial tissue tended to increase with the 2M feeding. Influence of dietary forage content on metabolism and activity of acyl-CoA synthetases was minimal, but the high-forage diet caused slight increases.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Growth, body composition, and visceral organ mass and metabolism in lambs during and after metabolizable protein or net energy restrictions.

Three trials were conducted to assess effects of metabolizable protein and NE deficiencies on changes in body composition, organ mass and metabolism, and animal growth performance during restriction and realimentation. Growth of lambs was restricted to achieve no change in BW for periods of 5 to 6 wk by limiting intake of metabolizable protein or NE. In Trial 1, changes in body composition and visceral organ mass and metabolism during restriction were compared to unrestricted controls using 36 lambs. Trial 2 was designed to investigate changes in growth, body composition, and visceral organs during restriction and realimentation periods using 44 lambs. Trial 3 was limited to evaluation of differences in performance and carcass characteristics of previously restricted and unrestricted ram lambs (15 total). Results of Trial 1 indicated that liver weights were decreased with nutrient restrictions. Body protein mass was conserved in energy-restricted (ER) lambs and lost in protein-restricted (PR) lambs. Fat was mobilized at similar rates for PR and ER lambs. In Trial 2, liver and intestinal weights, as well as in vitro oxygen consumption by liver slices, were decreased with nutrient restrictions. The reductions persisted after 2 wk of realimentation, yet no compensatory growth was observed. Feed intakes were increased gradually during the first 2 wk of realimentation. Composition of gain during the realimentation period was similar to that of unrestricted lambs. In Trial 3, neither gain nor feed efficiency during realimentation was enhanced as a result of previous nutrient deficiencies. Absence of compensatory growth in Trial 3 is possibly attributable to differences in gastrointestinal fill. Lambs subjected to short-term PR and ER seem to have similar recuperative capacity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical aspects, morphology and long-term follow-up--retrospective study of 23 thymoma patients].

Twenty-three patients with a thymoma diagnosed in the period between 1967 and 1987, were investigated retrospectively. In all the patients, the major therapeutic procedure performed had been surgery. The most important factor for the prognosis proved to be the tumour stage established at surgery. In locally non-invasive thymomas, the long-term prognosis is unimpaired. In cases showing invasion of the capsule or surrounding tissue, the prognosis deteriorates markedly, in particular in thymomas in which radical surgery is not possible. For this reason, in all stages with microscopically or macroscopically recognisable invasion, local postoperative radiation treatment is recommended. The histological classification in accordance with various proposals made in the literature has no apparent prognostic value.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1987

Induced non-enzymatic browning of soybean meal. II. Ruminal escape and net portal absorption of soybean protein treated with xylose.

Non-enzymatic browning was tested as a means of increasing ruminal escape of soybean meal N. Soybean meal was treated with xylose (3 mol/mol SBM-lysine), sodium hydroxide (pH 8.5) and enough water to achieve an 83% dry matter mixture and then heated at 150 C for 30 min (XTS-30). Trial 1 evaluated ruminal escape of N from XTS-30 compared with commercial soybean meal (CS) or urea (U) in a replicated 3 X 3 Latin square design using six duodenally cannulated Angus X Hereford steers (24.7 kg). Duodenal flow of dietary N was higher (P less than for steers fed XTS-30 (47.9 g/d) than for steers fed CS (39.5 g/d). The ruminal escape estimate for XTS-30 (33.7%) was higher (P less than .10) than CS (13.1%), whereas total tract apparent N digestibility was not different among treatments. In trial 2, net portal absorption of alpha-amino N was measured in Finnsheep X Suffolk ram lambs (24.7 kg) fed U, CS or XTS-30 in a 3 X 3 Latin square design. Portal blood flow was measured by primed, continuous infusion of para-aminohippuric acid. Portal blood flow was lower (P less than .05) for U.fed lambs than for lambs fed CS or XTS-30, and tended to be lower for lambs fed CS than those fed XTS-30. Net portal absorption of alpha-amino N tended to be lowest for lambs fed U (281 mmol/d) and highest for lambs fed XTS-30 (578 mmol/d). The results are interpreted to show that non-enzymatic browning increased flow of soybean meal N to the intestine.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

Coagulation-time determination with automatic multivariable analysis, by use of a miniature centrifugal fast analyzer.

Use of a miniature Centrifugal Fast Analyzer for the parallel photometric monitoring of the coagulation process is shown to have a number of advantages. These include a choice of optical modes, virtually simultaneous initiation and observation of the coagulation process for a number of patient-plasma samples and an on-board control sample, small sample and reagent volume requirements, and automatic determination of a number of diagnostically useful variables (including relative fibrinogen content) from the data recorded in a single run. Also, the system is shown to give results that correlate well with those obtained by conventional techniques for determination of prothrombin time.

Autoanalysis↗