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Biomedical subjects

M Kuroda

Publications and source records attributed to M Kuroda.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell stimulated with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, T-cell receptors from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Progressive destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is thought to be mediated by cytotoxic T cells which recognize certain epitopes, such as the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). To clarify the T-cell repertoire in PBC, we analyzed T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta-chain messages expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with PDC and in liver biopsy specimens. PBMCs from 12 PBC patients and 6 healthy controls were examined. The TCR Vbeta repertoires of unstimulated PBMCs and PBMCs stimulated with PDC purified from bovine heart were analyzed, using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Liver biopsy specimens from 5 PBC patients were also analyzed. In the PBC patients, several different T-cell clones, some of which showed the same mobility, were evident in both the PDC-stimulated and unstimulated PBMCs, as demonstrated by SSCP analysis. In addition, TCR clonality of infiltrating lymphocytes in the liver was also observed in PBC patients, showing common clonal T-cell accumulation with that seen in PBMCs stimulated with PDC. These data indicate that common clonal T-cell accumulation specific for PDC may be present in both peripheral PBMCs and the liver of patients with PBC.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1998

Steroidal saponins from the leaves of Cordyline stricta.

Three new spirostanol saponins and two new furostanol saponins were isolated from the fresh leaves of Cordyline stricta. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including various 2D NMR techniques, hydrolysis, and by comparison of spectral data of known compounds. Two of the isolated saponins contained a new branched triglycoside moiety assigned as O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta- D- xylopyranose with the formation of an O-glycosidic linkage to C-1 of the aglycone.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1998

Steroidal saponins from the underground parts of Ruscus aculeatus and their cytostatic activity on HL-60 cells.

Phytochemical examination of the underground parts of Ruscus aculeatus has been undertaken as part of systematic study of plants of the Liliaceae. Six new spirostanol saponins and five new furostanol saponins were isolated, and their structures were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional NMR techniques, and hydrolysis. Ruscogenin diglycoside with three acetyl groups attached to the inner galactosyl moiety and its corresponding 26-glucosyloxyfurostanol saponin showed cytostatic activity on leukemia HL-60 cells.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1998

Steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Hosta sieboldii and their cytostatic activity on HL-60 cells.

A total of eighteen steroidal saponins were isolated from the rhizomes of Hosta sieboldii, one of which appeared to be the first isolation from a plant source and six to be new compounds. The structures of the new saponins were determined by spectral data and a few chemical transformations to be (25R)-2 alpha, 3 beta-dihydroxy-5 alpha-spirostan-12-one (manogenin) 3-O-¿O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl -(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside¿, (25R)-2 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxy-5 alpha-spirost-9-en-12-one (9,11-dehydromanogenin) 3-O-¿O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside¿, 9,11-dehydromanogenin 3-O-¿O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside¿, (25R)-2 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxy-26-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-22-methoxy-5 alpha-furostan-12-one 3-O-¿O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-O- beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside¿, (25R)-2 alpha, 3 beta-dihydroxy-26-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-22-methoxy-5 alpha-furost-9-en-12-one 3-O-¿O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-O- beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside¿ and (25R)-5 alpha-spirostan-2 alpha,3 beta,12 beta-triol 3-O-¿O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside¿, respectively. Cytostatic activity of the isolated saponins on leukaemia HL-60 cells was examined.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1998

Are hypoxic cells critical for the outcome of fractionated radiotherapy in a slow-growing mouse tumor?

PURPOSE: To investigate the significance of hypoxic cells, reoxygenation and repopulation for the outcome of fractionated radiotherapy of a slow-growing subline of a murine fibrosarcoma and to compare the results with those previously obtained from the original fast-growing tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A slow-growing subline, 457-O, was obtained among the tumors that recurred after a single irradiation to the third generation isotransplants of a mouse fibrosarcoma, FSa-II. The single cell suspensions were transplanted into the mouse foot and when the tumors reached an average diameter of 4 mm, they were subjected to one to 20 equal daily y-ray doses given in air (A) or under hypoxic conditions (H). The TCD50 (50% tumor control radiation dose) was calculated according to the tumor control frequency within 180 days. The linear-quadratic plus time model was fitted to these data by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The volume doubling time of the 457-O tumors was approximately 2.2 times slower than that of the original FSa-II tumors. The TCD50(H) (single dose) was 52.3 Gy and increased with an increasing number of fractions to a TCD50(H) (20 doses) of 90.8 Gy. This increase of 38.5 Gy was much smaller than that of 149 Gy for the original FSa-II. The TCD50(A) (single dose) and TCD50(A) (20 doses) were 41.3 and 50.6 Gy, respectively. This small difference of 9.3 Gy contrasted with a significant increase of 52.9 Gy for the FSa-II. DISCUSSION: These results suggested no repopulation of 457-O tumor clonogens during the course of up to 20 daily doses, while the original FSa-II tumor cells repopulated substantially. Hypoxic clonogens in the slow-growing tumor reoxygenated but some fractions remained critical. CONCLUSION: The present data together with those obtained from the fast-growing FSa-II suggested that hypoxic clonogens were critical for the outcome of fractionated radiotherapy. Repopulation was insignificant in this slow-growing tumor during five to 20 daily doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

An ultrastructural study of the neural circuit between the prefrontal cortex and the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus.

Synaptic connectivity between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) of the rat has been investigated with the electron microscope after labeling both the pre- and postsynaptic elements. Prefrontal corticothalamic fibers end exclusively as small axon terminals with round synaptic vesicles (SR boutons), which make asymmetrical synaptic contacts with distal dendritic segments of MD neurons. Thalamocortical terminals from MD in PFC are also of the SR type and form asymmetrical synaptic contacts predominantly with dendritic spines arising from the apical or basal dendrites of pyramidal cells whose somata reside in layers III, V and VI. At least some pyramidal cells in layer III that receive MD afferents are callosal cells, whereas deep layer pyramidal cells projecting to MD receive directly some of the thalamocortical terminations from MD, suggesting that the recurrent loop to MD is monosynaptically mediated. Thus, taken together with recent evidence that both the PFC-MD and MD-PFC pathways are glutamatergic and excitatory, the cortical excitation exerted by afferent fibers from MD is transferred, not only back to MD itself through deep pyramidal cells, but also the contralateral prefrontal cortex via pyramidal cells in layer III of the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex. Concerning modulatory and inhibitory inputs, fibers to MD from the ventral pallidum and substantia nigra pars reticulata have been shown to be inhibitory and GABAergic. In addition, fibers from the ventral tegmental area preferentially make symmetrical membrane thickenings (i.e. inhibitory synapses) on deep pyramidal cells in PFC that receive synaptic endings from MD. From these morphological grounds, therefore, cells in the ventral pallidum, the substantia nigra pars reticulata and the ventral tegmental area may mediate, to some extent, an inhibitory effect on the reverberatory excitation between PFC and MD.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Aculeoside B, a new bisdesmosidic spirostanol saponin from the underground parts of Ruscus aculeatus.

From the underground parts of Ruscus aculeatus, a new bisdesmosidic spirostanol saponin named aculeosides B (2) was isolated, and its structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR techniques. Aculeoside A (1), which was previously isolated from the same plant source, exhibited inhibitory activity on cell growth of leukemia HL-60 cells with an IC50 value of 0.48 microgram mL(-1), while aculeoside B (2) was inactive.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1998

Phenotypic diversity of neurofibromatosis 2: association with plexiform schwannoma.

AIMS: Plexiform schwannoma (PS) is a rare variant of benign schwannoma characterized by a multinodular and plexiform growth pattern. In contrast to plexiform neurofibroma. PS is not associated with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF-1; von Recklinghausen's disease) and has no propensity for malignant transformation. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between PS and the entities of neurofibromatosis 2 (NF-2; bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis) and schwannomatosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six cases of PS associated with NF-2 or meningioma were retrospectively studied clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically. Four cases of PS were found among the patients with NF-2, and all of these had multiple PSs; three cases also had multiple schwannomas of the spinal nerve roots and two of these had meningioma. Two other patients had meningioma, but not NF-2. Four patients were male and two were female. The ages ranged from 18 to 52 years (mean 29.6 years). Histologically, PS showed the histological features that have been previously described, i.e. schwannoma composed of a predominant Antoni A-type component with a plexiform growth pattern. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for S100 protein. Each nodule was surrounded by perineural cells which were positive for epithelial membrane antigen. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to recognize that PS could be associated with NF-2 or meningioma. The combination of PS and meningioma may be a 'formes frustes' of NF-2, and is clinically overlapped with schwannomatosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Solitary fibrous tumour: significance of p53 and CD34 immunoreactivity in its malignant transformation.

AIMS: To clarify the association of p53 and CD34 expression with development of malignant solitary fibrous tumour we have studied 10 cases of solitary fibrous tumour arising in the pleura, retroperitoneum and pelvic cavity with clinicopathological features of malignancy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tumours were localized solid masses with or without necrosis in eight and they nearly totally occupied the pleural cavity in two. Basic histology of the tumours was the proliferation of spindle cells arranged in 'patternless' pattern or in interlacing bundles with nuclear atypia and mitotic activities of various degree. In two, high-grade foci were present within low or intermediate-grade tumours. Recurrent tumours also showed more atypical features than primary tumours in two. Immunohistochemical studies showed CD34 positivity in seven, but three of them showed marked diminution or complete loss of CD34 expression in high-grade foci or a recurrent tumour. Three high-grade cases showed totally negative staining for CD34. p53 was strongly expressed in cases with fatal outcome, clinical recurrence, nuclear atypia, high mitotic activity or local invasion, whereas almost negative in benign tumours. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant solitary fibrous tumours may occur de novo or by transformation within benign or low-grade tumours and may be associated with p53 mutation. Although CD34 is a useful marker in the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumour, one should bear in mind that its expression can be lost in high-grade tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Adjunctive value of cell proliferation but not of apoptosis to interpret pathologic effects on prostatic cancer after neoadjuvant endocrine therapy.

BACKGROUND: The current histological evaluation of the effects of endocrine therapy has difficulty in distinguishing pathologic degeneration caused by androgen ablation from residual poorly differentiated tumor. Therefore, we examined the changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis before and after endocrine therapy and analyzed whether they correlated with pathologic effects and histological differentiation. METHODS: Between January 1986 and December 1995, 52 patients with clinical stage B2 and C prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy after neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (median duration 3.8 months). Proliferative and apoptotic activities of pretreatment biopsy specimens and radical prostatectomy specimens were analyzed with MIB-1 monoclonal antibody and in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA. RESULTS: The mean proliferative index (PI) of radical prostatectomy specimens was significantly lower than that of biopsy specimens (P = 0.000003) and the decrease in PI after endocrine therapy was significantly related to histological differentiation (P = 0.014). There was a weak relationship between the decrease in PI after endocrine therapy and pathologic effects (P = 0.054), while in pathologically effective cases (Grades 2 and 3), three out of 16 (19%) showed a < 50% decrease in PI after endocrine therapy, and may be regarded as having poorly differentiated tumors. The mean apoptotic index (AI) of prostatectomy specimens tended to be higher than that of biopsy specimens (P = 0.054). The increase in AI after endocrine therapy was not related to histological differentiation and pathologic effects. CONCLUSION: Pathologic effects caused by endocrine therapy may be in part misled by routine histopathologic staining and the change in PI may help in recognizing the pathologic effects of endocrine therapy and have adjunctive value for the interpretation of the effects of endocrine therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Efficacy of dose-intensified MEC (methotrexate, epirubicin and cisplatin) chemotherapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial comparing MEC and M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin). Japanese Urothelial Cancer Research Group.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the antitumor activity in patients with T3b, T4 or metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with MEC or M-VAC chemotherapy, by performing a multi-center randomized prospective study. METHODS: From 1991 to 1995, 89 patients with T3b, T4 or metastatic urothelial carcinoma were randomly allocated to a methotrexate, epirubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy group (arm 1: S-MEC therapy; n = 29), a dose-intensified MEC therapy combined with G-CSF group (arm 2: I-MEC therapy; n = 30) or a methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy (arm 3: M-VAC therapy; n = 30). At the registration center, the patients were stratified into previously untreated patients and patients with recurrence after radical operation and then randomly allocated to the treatment groups. In each arm, two or more courses of chemotherapy (4-week cycles) were performed. RESULTS: Of the 88 eligible patients, four treated with S-MEC therapy and two treated with I-MEC therapy showed CR. The response rates (CR + PR) were 52% (15/29) with S-MEC therapy, 76% (22/29) with I-MEC therapy and 47% (14/30) with M-VAC therapy. The response rate with I-MEC therapy was significantly higher than that with M-VAC therapy (P = 0.02). Although the incidence of leukopenia was low with I-MEC therapy, the incidence of thrombocytopenia was high with this therapy. CONCLUSION: MEC therapy used in this study is promising in terms of the antitumor effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Metalloid resistance mechanisms in prokaryotes.

Resistance to antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents is becoming a wide spread health issue. The biochemical mechanisms of resistance vary, but active efflux of the toxic agents is one of the most common. Bacterial resistances to metals provide good model systems for transport-related resistances. One of the best understood metal resistance systems is the product of the ars operon, which provides resistance to arsenicals and antimonials. As a reflection of the ubiquity of arsenic in the environment, ars operons are found in all species of bacteria, carried in chromosomes, plasmids, and transposons. This review focuses on the biochemistry of the proteins of the ars operon of R-factor R773. The system is novel in several respects. First, it is regulated at the transcriptional and allosteric levels, and regulation is effected through cysteine thiol interaction with As(III) or Sb(III). Thus soft metal-thiol chemistry provides a high affinity digital switch to turn the regulated protein on with rapidity. The transport system that provides resistance, on the other hand, uses oxyanions of arsenic or antimony as substrates. This nonmetal chemistry allows for low affinity interactions of the membrane transporter with substrate, conductive with translocation and release of substrate on the outside of the cell membrane. Second, the transporter is uniquely capable of coupling to either electrochemical energy as a secondary carrier protein or the chemical energy of ATP when binding of a catalytic subunit converts it into an anion-translocating ATPase.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1998

Analgesic effect of bupivacaine on extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair.

UNLABELLED: Local anesthetics decrease postoperative pain when placed at the surgical site. Patients benefit from laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernia repair because this allows earlier mobilization than the more classical open surgical approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the pain-sparing efficacy of local anesthetics placed in the preperitoneal fascial plane during extraperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery. Forty-two outpatients were included in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, institutional review board-approved study. At the conclusion of a standardized general anesthetic, 21 patients received 60 mL of 0.125% bupivacaine into the preperitoneal fascial plane before incisional closure, whereas the other 21 patients received 60 mL of the isotonic sodium chloride solution placebo. Postoperative pain was assessed 1, 4, 8, 24, and 72 h postoperatively. In addition, postoperative fentanyl and outpatient acetaminophen 500 mg/hydrocodone 5 mg requirements were recorded. All hernia repairs were performed by the same surgeon. Appropriate statistical analyses were used. There were no significant differences between the bupivacaine and isotonic sodium chloride solution groups with regard to postoperative pain scores, length of postanesthesia care unit stay, or analgesic requirements. Furthermore, neither unilateral versus bilateral repair nor operative time affected the measured parameters. The addition of 60 mL of 0.125% bupivacaine into the preperitoneal fascial plane during extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair did not significantly alter pain scores, supplementary analgesic requirements, or recovery room length of stay. IMPLICATIONS: The placement of 60 mL of 0.125% bupivacaine into the preperitoneal fascial plane during extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair did not significantly alter pain scores, supplementary analgesic requirements, or recovery room length of stay.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1998

A comparison of left ventricular performance indices measured by transesophageal echocardiography with automated border detection.

BACKGROUND: Automated border detection (ABD) allows semiautomated measurement of left ventricular (LV) areas. They can be combined with left ventricular pressure signals to generate pressure-area loops and pressure-dimension indices of contractility. This study compared conventional indices of ventricular performance (fractional area change [FAC] and circumferential fiber shortening [Vcfc]) with pressure-dimension indices of contractility. A secondary aim was to compare the effects of volatile anesthetics on the indices. METHODS: Using transesophageal echocardiography with automated border detection, FAC and Vcfc were obtained in 23 patients after cardiopulmonary bypass. Left ventricular pressures were obtained with a left ventricular catheter. Preload reduction by inferior vena caval occlusion was used to obtain end-systolic elastance (Ees), preload recruitable stroke force (PRSF), and dP/dtmax x EDA(-1) (EDA = end-diastolic area). In 11 patients, the measurements were repeated at 1 end-tidal minimum alveolar concentration of halothane or isoflurane. The results are expressed as mean +/- SD. RESULTS: After cardiopulmonary bypass, FAC was 31.1+/-7.9%, Vcfc was 0.6+/-0.2 circ x s(-1), Ees was 25.8+/-11.6 mmHg x cm(-2), PRSF was 60.8+/-26.6 mmHg, and dP/dtmax x EDA(-1) was 245+/-123.4 mmHg x s(-1) x cm(-2). At 1 minimum alveolar concentration of a volatile anesthetic agent, FAC, Vcfc, and dP/dtmax x EDA(-1) remained unchanged. Significant decreases in Ees (19%) and PRSF (28%) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The association between pressure-dimension indices and Vcfc or FAC was weak or nonexistent. A reduction in myocardial contractility induced by the administration of volatile anesthetic agents was detected by Ees and PRSF, but not by FAC, Vcfc, or dP/dtmax x EDA(-1). After myocardial revascularization, Ees and PRSF appear more sensitive than FAC or Vcfc for measuring changes in contractility.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1998

Laudanosine and atracurium concentrations in a patient receiving long-term atracurium infusion.

OBJECTIVE: Atracurium is sometimes used for muscle relaxation in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Use of atracurium in high doses or for a long period of time has raised the possibility of the accumulation of laudanosine, a breakdown product known to cause seizure activity in animals. The objective of this report was to see if laudanosine accumulation and seizure activity had occurred in a patient who had received a long-term, relatively high-dose infusion of atracurium. DESIGN: Case report. The patient received atracurium for 38 days, at rates ranging from 0.3 to 0.96 mg/kg/hr. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was done before the discontinuation of the infusion, and plasma concentrations of atracurium and laudanosine were measured at, and after, the termination of the atracurium infusion. The laudanosine elimination half-life was calculated. SETTING: Intensive care unit. PATIENT: A 23-yr-old woman admitted with sickle cell crisis, complicated by acute chest syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hepatic and renal failure. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: As expected, laudanosine concentrations were increased but were below the level reported to cause seizure activity in animals. Laudanosine elimination half-life was prolonged to 617 mins, which was consistent with previously reported values. The patient's EEG was normal, with no ictal pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Despite long-term use of high doses of atracurium infusion and the increased elimination half-life of laudanosine, only moderate accumulation of laudanosine occurred, and the EEG was normal. Hence, it appears unlikely that toxic concentrations of laudanosine would be reached, even in a critically ill patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Fine structural and histochemical study of equine Paneth cells.

Ultrastructure, lysozyme and glycoconjugate activity in duodenal Paneth cells were observed concurrently in the horse. Paneth cells were seen to uniformly line the base of the equine intestinal glands. The round secretory granules have centrally located electron densities with peripherally located electron lucent halos. Histochemically, the peripheral halo layer was positively stained for carbohydrates by the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver protein-physical development (PA-TCH-SP-PD) method and the entire granules reacted positively to the WGA. The central core area reacted with anti-lysozyme. We identified a young (Type I) and an old (Type II) cell population in the same crypt, but we suggest that the observed populations are variations of the same cell type with the varied appearance due to aging of the secretory granules.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Coexpression of hepatocyte growth factor and c-Met proto-oncogene product in synovial sarcoma.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a heterodimeric polypeptide growth factor that has pleiotropic roles, including those of mitogen, motogen and morphogen. The HGF receptor is characterized as a c-Met proto-oncogene product (c-Met), which is a heterodimeric tyrosine kinase receptor. Hepatocyte growth factor acts as a mediator between the mesenchymal and epithelial tissues because HGF is produced by mesenchymal cells and c-Met is mainly expressed on various epithelial cells. Furthermore, the HGF/c-Met system plays an important role in embryogenesis and the regeneration of various organs. Synovial sarcoma (SS) are unique sarcoma that show epithelial differentiation, but little is known about their histogenesis. The expression of HGF and c-Met was examined by immunohistochemistry in SS specimens from 12 patients (six each of biphasic and monophasic fibrous types). Immunohistochemical coexpression of HGF and c-Met was demonstrated in the epithelial component of five biphasic SS, while only c-Met was expressed in the epithelioid nests of three monophasic fibrous SS. The spindle cell component was negative for HGF and c-Met. In SS, positivity for epithelial markers, such as cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen, was diffusely observed in the epithelial component and was focally observed in spindle cells, while vimentin was positive predominantly in the spindle cell component. The areas expressing HGF and c-Met corresponded to distinct epithelial structures; however, HGF and c-Met expression were not found in any other tumor cells expressing epithelial markers in the spindle cell component of SS. Considering the morphogenic effect of HGF, which has been known to be one of its most important roles, the unique immunohistochemical localization of HGF and c-Met in SS suggests that the HGF/c-Met system may be closely related to the formation of epithelial (glandular) structures in biphasic SS.

Adolescent↗