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Biomedical subjects

M Kuroda

Publications and source records attributed to M Kuroda.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Primary adenocarcinoma in an ileal conduit.

Reports of primary small intestine malignancies are rare. Even more uncommon is primary carcinoma in an ileal conduit. Here, we report a case of primary adenocarcinoma in an ileal conduit that developed 14 years after radical cystectomy and diversion to an ileal conduit for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. To our knowledge, only one case of primary adenocarcinoma developing in an ileal conduit after a radical surgery for bladder cancer has been reported previously.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

The convergence of axon terminals from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and ventral tegmental area on pyramidal cells in layer V of the rat prelimbic cortex.

We investigated the ultrastructural basis of the synaptic convergence of afferent fibres from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on the prefrontal cortical neurons of the rat by examining the synaptic relationships between thalamocortical or tegmentocortical terminals labelled with anterograde markers [lesion-induced degeneration or transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP)] and randomly selected unlabelled apical dendrites of layer V pyramidal cells in the prelimbic cortex. WGA-HRP-labelled terminals from the VTA ranged in diameter from 0.7 to 2.8 microm and established synaptic contacts with large dendritic profiles, i.e. proximal segments of apical dendritic shafts and spines from layer V pyramidal cells. Symmetrical synapses, i.e. inhibitory synapses, were more often seen than asymmetrical ones. Degenerating terminals from the MD formed asymmetrical synapses on dendritic spines or occasionally on small dendritic shafts of apical dendrites from layer V pyramidal cells, which received tegmentocortical synapses, mostly within layer III. Thalamocortical synapses were more distally distributed over common apical dendrites than tegmentocortical synapses, although some of them overlapped. The numerical density of direct synaptic inputs from the MD and VTA was low. These results suggest that fibres from the VTA exert their inhibitory effects directly on pyramidal cells in layer V via synaptic junctions with apical dendrites of these pyramidal cells, and that the tegmentocortical fibres are in an ideal anatomical position to modulate the reverberatory circuits between the MD and the prelimbic cortex.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1996

A new cytotoxic cholestane bisdesmoside from Ornithogalum saundersiae bulbs.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of Ornithogalum saundersiae bulbs led to the isolation of a new cholestane bisdesmoside with potent cytotoxic activities toward leukemia HL-60 and MOLT-4 cells. The structure was deduced mainly from spectroscopic information.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1996

Glioblastoma multiforme in the left frontal lobe subsequent to malignant lymphoma in the right orbit.

A 62-year-old male presented with glioblastoma multiforme in the left frontal lobe manifesting as motor aphasia, subsequent to a malignant lymphoma in the right orbit. He underwent subtotal removal of the right orbital mass presenting as right exophthalmos which was shown by histological examination to be non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He received 30 Gy Lineac irradiation to the right orbit. His post-operative course was satisfactory. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) 7 months later demonstrated a small spotty enhanced lesion in the left frontal lobe. He developed motor aphasia 1 year after irradiation. MR imaging disclosed an enhanced mass in the left frontal lobe, which was totally removed. Histological examination revealed glioblastoma multiforme. Patients with malignant lymphoma may develop a subsequent second malignant tumor. MR imaging with Gd-DTPA is quite useful for early detection of a second brain tumor.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[Sarcomatous malignant mesothelioma diagnosed after death].

A 77-year-old man with diabetes mellitus who was being treated as an outpatient had abnormal shadow in the right lower lobe on a chest roentgenogram in June 1993. In July 1994, a productive cough developed, and subsequent dyspnea obliged him to enter our hospital. Retention of pleural fluid led us to suspect tuberculosis pleurisy and to perform a pleural biopsy and a thoracentesis to remove pleural fluid but no final diagnosis was reached. About 14 months later he died of dyspnea with a rapidly growing tumor. An autopsy disclosed a giant tumor that occupied the right pleural cavity, excluding the lung. The tumor was well-defined between the lung and had infiltrated into the mediastinum. The histopathological diagnosis was primary malignant mesothelioma, sarcomatous type, of the visceral pleura.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Continuous monitoring of blood volume change by measuring hematocrit during cardiopulmonary bypass].

The usefulness of the continuous monitoring system of blood volume change (BV%), by using measured hematocrit, has been evaluated during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Twelve patients for CABG were studied. The optical sensor was incorporated in the venous outlet site of CPB to measure Hct and hemoglobin oxygen saturation. The infusion of the cardioplegia caused a sharp deviation in BV%, and the use of extracorporeal ultrafiltration helped to reduce BV% rapidly. At the end of CPB, BV% was -1.4 +/- 7.7% and showed a good correlation with total water balance during CPB (r = 0.75, P < 0.01). However, the discrepancy between BV% and the positive water balance was observed in a case with LOS. This suggests fluid maldistribution from intra- to extra-vascular space. Continuous BV% monitoring during CPB is useful as an index of water balance and for assessing an optimum blood volume.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Giant hydronephrosis of bilateral duplex systems associated with ureteral ectopia: a case report.

Giant hydronephrosis is an uncommon clinical entity. Even more uncommon is the association of giant hydronephrosis with a double collecting system and ectopic ureter. Here, we report a case of giant hydronephrosis of the bilateral duplex systems associated with ureteral ectopia. The patient underwent upper pole nephrectomy and upper ureterectomy. To our knowledge, only four similar cases have been reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Intra-operative management during laparotomy for patients under hemodialysis].

We evaluated retrospectively 31 patients under hemodialysis who underwent scheduled laparotomy with a purpose to determine the optimal intra-operative water balance. The patients fell into two different periods according to the difference of the principle of anesthesia. Anesthesia method employed for the former eleven patients (1987.6-1990.12) was NLA with pancuronium for muscle relaxation and they were ventilated mechanically in ICU. More recent twenty patients (1991-1995) had epidural block plus nitrous oxide-oxygen-isoflurane with vecuronium and they were extubated early. These latter patients, compared with the preoperative values, did not show any significant changes in mean arterial pressure or systemic vascular resistance after the operation. Intra-operative water balance showed a positive correlation with PADP (r = 0.57) and a negative correlation with SVR (r = 0.36) at the end of operation. The adequate fluid infusion is necessary to maintain PADP, and the water balance of +3-5 ml x kg-1 x hr-1 is recommended during laparotomy for the patients under hemodialysis.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1996

[Development of highly sensitive assay for detection of low serum level of PIVKA-II and its clinical usefulness].

PIVKA-II is well known as a tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma. We describe the adaptations to render a commercially available PIVKA-II immunoassay kit (Eitest MONO P-II: Eisai Co., Ltd, Tokyo) more sensitive and evaluated clinical usefulness of this highly sensitive assay for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. We measured serum PIVKA-II concentrations with the Eitest kit as described for the kit. To measure serum PIVKA-II concentrations below the sensitivity limit of the Eitest kit (0.0625AU/ml), linearity was determined using a series of dilutions of standard antigen diluted in standard diluent, including PIVKA-II concentrations of 0.002, 0.004, 0.008, 0.016, 0.031, 0.0625AU/ml. The assay was found to be liner from 0.004AU/ml. In this way, one can detect as low PIVKA-II concentrations as 0.004AU/ml. The repeatability-assay coefficients of variation (CV%) obtained from sixteen repeated assays of four sera were distributed between 3.63 and 18.75% and the reproducibility-assay coefficients of variation (CV%) obtained from ten repeated assays of four sera were distributed between 6.27 and 14.04%. We determined the serial changes in serum PIVKA-II levels of two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after the resection of hepatic tumor. In these patients, elevation of serum PIVKA-II level determined by the highly sensitive assay preceded the detection of relapse by imaging diagnostic procedures. In summary, the assay system we developed has good accuracy and reproducibility for assaying low concentrations of PIVKA-II in serum and is suitable for detecting small increases in PIVKA-II concentrations. This assay system may be useful to earlier detect a relapse of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1996

[An immunohistochemical study of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and MIB-1 in epithelial hyperplasia and dysplasia of the vocal cords].

We investigated the proliferative activities in epithelial hyperplasia and dysplasia of the human vocal cords as precancerous lesions, using immunohistochemical staining with anti-PCNA and MIB-1 (anti-Ki-67) monoclonal antibody. The series for this study consisted of nine patients with hyperplasia, 12 with mild dysplasia, ten with moderate dysplasia, eight with severe dysplasia, eight with vocal cord polyps, and 14 with invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The following results were obtained: 1) The mean PCNA labeling index was 1.12 +/- 1.05 (MEAN +/- STD%) in polyp, 4.88 +/- 2.02 in hyperplasia, 2.76 +/- 1.76 in mild dysplasia, 3.80 +/- 2.03 in moderate dysplasia, 6.12 +/- 3.01 in severe dysplasia, and 19.07 +/- 10.37 in invasive cancer. 2) The mean MIB-1 positive rates were 5.50 +/- 2.47 (MEAN +/- STD%) in polyp, 13.08 +/- 6.86 in hyperplasia, 16.55 +/- 7.34 in mild dysplasia, 15.94 +/- 6.73 in moderate dysplasia, 21.43 +/- 8.16 in severe dysplasia, and 41.48 +/- 14.05 in invasive cancer. In cases of hyperplasia, dysplasia and invasive cancer, PCNA labeling index values and MIB-1 positive rates increased in proportion to the histological atypical grade increasing. Some lesions which recurred or progressed to cancer were found show high expression of PCNA and MIB-1. In cancer cases, there was no significant correlation between the PCNA labeling index, MIB-1 positive rates and either the degree of tumor cell differentiation or the T-classification. There was a positive correlation between the PCNA labeling index and MIB-1 positive rates among all cases. In this study, those cases showing a high PCNA labeling index and/or MIB-1 positive rates may indicate the possibility of recurrence or progression to malignancy in precancerous lesions of the vocal cords.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer].

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the application of preoperative endocrine therapy prior to radical prostatectomy. The main purpose of this treatment modality is to enhance surgical curability and increase survival. Endocrine therapy was performed before radical prostatectomy on 40 patients between 1986 and 1993; 15 had stage B2 and 25 had stage C disease. The median duration of preoperative endocrine therapy was 3.8 months. All patients subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and castration. There was on average a 25.5% (0-71.8%) decrease in maximal cross-sectional area of prostate gland as determined by transrectal ultrasonography. Treatment-related histological effects, divided into three grades were as follows; excellent in 17, moderate in 11 and poor or no regression in 12. Pathological downstaging of disease status from the diagnosis made at the initial clinical examination was seen in 13 of the 40 patients (33%). At a median follow-up of 50 months (19-118 months), 36 of the 40 patients are disease-free and two died of cancer 43 and 50 months postoperatively. These findings suggest that preoperative endocrine therapy plays an important role in the management of locally advanced prostatic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Ultrastructure and distribution of axon terminals from the reticular thalamic nucleus to the anteroventral thalamic nucleus of the rat.

Ultrastructure of axon terminals projecting to the anterovetral thalamic nucleus (AV) from the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) of the rat was studied by using the anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Anterogradely labeled fibers were distributed in ventral and caudal parts in AV following WGA-HRP injections into the medial part of rostral RTN, whereas labelings were found in the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (AD) and dorsal part of AV following injections into the dorsal part of rostral RTN. The main labeled terminals were small to medium in size, containing pleomorphic vesicles, and made symmetrical contacts on wide range of neuronal surfaces, including cell bodies, dendritic shafts and their spines. Majority of these terminals made a single synaptic contact, whereas some labeled terminals had two synaptic contacts on two different postsynaptic profiles, such as on both soma and large dendrite, on both soma and small dendrite, on both soma and dendritic spine, and on both large and small dendrites.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Prostatic cancer with cystic formation: a case report].

A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaints of dysuria and sense of abdominal fullness. On digital rectal examination, an enlarged prostate with a smooth surface and elasticity was palpated. The concentration of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was elevated to 78 ng/ml. Pelvic computed tomographic (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large prostate, 8 cm in diameter, with a cystic mass, and extra-iliac lymph node swelling. On needle biopsy of the prostate and cyst, the histology was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the aspirate comprised bloody fluid with a negative test for cytology. He was diagnosed with prostatic cancer of T4N3M0. This is the 19th case of prostatic cancer with cystic formation reported in Japan.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[Variations of the constrictor pharyngeal muscles in humans].

Fifteen halves of ten nonrandomized human cadavers were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope in order to examine the existence of variations in the constrictor pharyngeal muscles. Obvious variations of the constrictor muscles were found in three cases. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In the first case of variations, the superior constrictors arose from the pterygomandibular raphe and merged into the outer surfaces of the middle and inferior constrictors. This muscle was supplied by the upper part of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus. 2. In the second case, the muscle bundle of inferior constrictors originated from the thyroid cartilage and passed upward, joining the muscular fibers of the outer surface of the superior constrictors arising from the pterygomandibular raphe. Some of these muscular fibers extended to the surface of the posterior part of the pharyngobasilar fascia. This muscle was innervated by the lower part of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus. 3. In the third case, the lower part of the superior constrictors passed laterally between the stylopharyngeus and the glossopharyngeal nerve, running between the external and internal carotids in the retrostyloid space and reaching the cervical fascia around the submandibular triangle. This anomalous muscular bundle of superior constrictors was innervated by the carotid branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the middle part of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve↗
PubMed1996

A case of idiopathic portal hypertension complicated with narrowing of intrahepatic bile ducts.

A 37-year-old woman who had portal hypertension followed by splenomegaly, developed collateral blood flow of spleno-renal shunt and paraesophageal veins, esophageal varices and further with narrowing of intrahepatic bile ducts shown by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was described. Liver function was almost normal except the slight elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels. However, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed the narrowing of the intrahepatic bile ducts. The histological examination of biopsied specimen showed no prominent change in portal tracts and bile ducts without cell infiltration or fibrosis in the portal area. This case will be considered as idiopathic portal hypertension complicated by narrowing of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Expression of manganese superoxide dismutase reduces tumor control radiation dose: gene-radiotherapy.

This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo radiation response of tumor cells transfected with human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) cDNA. A major objective was to test the potential tumor suppressive effect of MnSOD in vivo. Tumor cells studied were an in vitro line derived from a murine spontaneous fibrosarcoma, FSa-II, which expressed an undetectable MnSOD activity. These cells were transfected with pSV2-NEO plasmid (NEO line) or cotransfected with MnSOD plasmid plus pSV2-NEO plasmid (SOD lines) as described previously. The cell lines used were SOD-L and SOD-H, which expressed, respectively, low and high MnSOD activities after transfection, and NEO and parental FSa-II controls. Both SOD-L and SOD-H cell lines were slightly more resistant to ionizing radiation than were the two control cell lines when irradiated in vitro in the presence of oxygen. The dose-modifying factors calculated at the survival level of 0.01 were 1.13 and 1.15 for the SOD-L and SOD-H cells, respectively. To investigate potential tumor suppressive effects, animal tumors of 4 mm diameter were irradiated in vivo under hypoxic conditions, and the radiation dose to control one-half of the irradiated tumors (TCD50) was determined for each tumor. The TCD50S obtained on the basis of the tumor control rate in 120 days after irradiation were substantially lower for the SOD-H and SOD-L tumors compared to the NEO tumors. They were 22.9, 28.6, and 47.5 Gy for SOD-H, SOD-L and NEO tumors, respectively. To analyze these data, survival curves were obtained for hypoxic cells by irradiating NEO and SOD-H tumors under hypoxic conditions in vivo and assaying in vitro. Analysis of these curves suggests that the decrease in the TCD50S of SOD tumors is attributable to the reduced tumorigenicity in these tumors. The hypoxic cell survival curves also showed that SOD did not protect cells from radiation in the absence of oxygen. Electron microscopy showed no morphological differences between these cells. These results suggest that the fraction of tumorigenic cells could be reduced by expression of MnSOD, resulting in a substantial decrease in the TCD50.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Thalamocortical synapses between axons from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and pyramidal cells in the prelimbic cortex of the rat.

A combined anterograde axonal degeneration and Golgi electron microscopic (Golgi-EM) study was undertaken to identify thalamocortical synaptic connections between axon terminals from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) and pyramidal cells in layers III and V of the agranular prelimbic cortex in the rat. The morphological characteristics of thalamocortical synapses from MD were also examined by labeling axon terminals with anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). WGA-HRP labeled axon terminals from MD to the prelimbic cortex were small in size (0.5-1 microns in diameter), contained round synaptic vesicles, and formed axospinous synapses with asymmetrical membrane thickenings. With Golgi-EM methods, gold-toned apical dendrites in layer III were analyzed by reconstruction of serial ultrathin sections. Following lesions in the thalamus, degenerating thalamocortical axon terminals formed asymmetrical contacts exclusively on dendritic spines of the identified apical dendrites. More thalamocortical synapses were found on apical dendrites of layer V pyramidal cells than on apical dendrites of layer III pyramidal cells. In addition to thalamocortical synapses, a very few unlabeled symmetrical synapses were found on apical dendrites and somata of pyramidal cells, but they were not quantified and their sources are unknown.

Animals↗