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Biomedical subjects

M Kurihara

Publications and source records attributed to M Kurihara.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The history of cancer registration in Japan: contribution of Dr Mitsuo Segi.

The first survey of cancer incidence in Miyagi prefecture with a population of about 1.7 million was conducted in 1951-1953 by Segi and his colleagues. The report was the third such study that could be compared with other studies in the world. Segi established the Miyagi cancer registry in 1957, which has continued until now, and the data were periodically published in the monographs entitled Cancer Incidence in Five Continents published by IARC. Segi helped to found the International Association of Cancer Registry (IACR) and also organized a national committee in Japan. Segi's scientific background related to cancer statistics is briefly introduced.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1994

[Radiological findings of gastric scirrhous cancer].

Gastric scirrhous cancer was classified from the radiological findings into three phases (typical, latent and early phases) by cancerous involvement in the gastric wall. Radiological findings in the typical phase were divided into a giant-fold type and a no giant-fold type. We made a differential diagnosis for scirrhous cancer and other diseases. Radiological findings in the typical phase of scirrhous cancer were characteristic stiffness and rigidity of the gastric wall; in the latent phase, they were swelling and winding of mucosal folds in appropriate distended stomach; and in the early phase, interrupted folds around barium fleck. The effect of chemotherapy against a gastric scirrhous cancer is decided by distensibility of the gastric wall in radiological findings.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1994

[Assessment of QOL in cancer drug therapy using 22-item questionnaire].

In order to integrate quality of life as the end point in the cancer drug therapy, a questionnaire form has been developed over the past four years by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. Fifty-one items generated by questionnaires were forwarded to oncologists, nurses, psychologists and 121 patients. Then questionnaires were scaled down to 36 items based upon factor analysis considering correlation to State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). These 36 items were administered to 536 patients. Finally, a 22-item questionnaire was completed by rechecking correlations with PS, STAI, SDS and Cronbach's alpha. It includes such components as physical activities (6 items), psychological (5 items) and social variables (5 items), symptoms (5 items) and global well-being (1 item: face scale). In our treatment of G. I. cancer by chemotherapy, NC patients showed improvement (+1.56 score), especially in physical functions (+2.43 score), but with slight deterioration (-0.25 score).

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Study of cardiac function in first stage examination of RA-700. RA-700 Clinical Study Group].

There are many studies in the literature on the subject of anti-neoplastic drugs for acute and chronic cardiac toxic function. It is important to check previously the cardiac toxicity of the new anti-neoplastic drugs. Now we have had a chance to study the first stage examination of RA-700, isolated from Rubia akane or Rubia cordifolia. Then we tried to study several kinds of parameters, for instance ECG, ultrasonic cardiograms and arterio-grams on cardiac toxicities of RA-700. We injected the first group of neoplastic patients only once with RA-700, while in the second group, we injected them with RA-700 for 5 consecutive days (see our previous report.) In the present study, we made some conclusions about the administration of RA-700. 1) Changes in cardiac function were noted in both groups. 2) Changes in blood pressure, sigma QRS, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening of the second group tended to be more extreme than those of the first group. Care for continuity is a concern with long-term and high doses of RA-700. 3) Because of the small sample, we could find no relationship between the changes in cardiac function and the injection doses of RA-700. 4) Therefore, the cardiac function must be checked by giving anti-neoplastic drugs to neoplastic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Thoracoscopic surgery].

The length of incision for the thoracotomy has been shorten relatively to the past. Para-scapular bow incision was over 30 cm in length but the axillary incision is a half of it. Now we have the minithoracotomy in 3 cm and the thoracoscopic treatment in 1 cm. Spontaneous pneumothorax is the best indication of thoracoscopic treatment because of the followings: 1. Pneumothorax is a benign disease. 2. Cause of air leak is rupture of the bulla which is located on visceral pleura. 3. Thoracic cavity is already opened in patients with pneumothorax. In our Center we have over 2,800 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax and we have treated thoracoscopically over 2,000. Electro-coagulation and/or YAG-LASER were used to destroy bullae within 1 cm in diameter. Looping and/or ENDO-AUTO-SUTURE devices has been used for bullae over 1 cm in diameter. Today recurrence rate is under a few% and no complications. Thoracoscopic treatment is the best way to cure the spontaneous pneumothorax and now it is the finest choice to manage of it.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1993

A phase II study of combination therapy with 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer with primary foci.

BACKGROUND: 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR, doxifluridine) is a recently developed prodrug of oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is used clinically in Japan for the treatment of gastric, colorectal, and breast cancer. 5-FU has been reported to act synergistically with cisplatin (CDDP) in experimental and clinical studies. The authors conducted a multicenter Phase II study of combination therapy with 5'-DFUR and CDDP to evaluate the therapeutic usefulness of this regimen in the treatment of unresectable and advanced gastric cancers with primary foci. None of the patients had previously undergone chemotherapy. Their ages ranged from 27 to 75 years and performance status was grade 0 to 3. METHODS: 5'-DFUR (1400 mg/m2/d) was administered orally on days 1 through 4 and 15 through 18, and CDDP (80 mg/m2/d) was injected intravenously on day 5. This treatment cycle was repeated every 4 weeks. An independent panel of specialists evaluated the clinical response. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients were studied. Clinical evaluation of response was possible in 43 patients who met the protocol requirements. The overall response rate was 50.0% (14 of 28, 95% confidence limits, 30.7%-69.4%) for patients with measurable lesions. The median duration of response was 5.2 months (156 days). The overall median survival time was 8.9 months (268 days) for evaluated patients. Therapeutic toxicity of World Health Organization (WHO) grade > or = 3 was manifested as anorexia and nausea or vomiting in 20.9% and 18.6% of the patients, respectively. However myelotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of WHO grades 3 and 4 occurred in less than 10% of the patient group. No drug-related mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Combined therapy with 5'-DFUR and CDDP is a safe and effective treatment regimen for advanced gastric cancers with primary foci which stresses the patient's quality of life, especially when used in an outpatient setting.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Preparation of heptakis(2,6-di-O-ethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin and its nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic characterization.

Heptakis(2,6-di-O-ethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DE-beta-CyD) was prepared and its 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals in DMSO-d6 were unequivocally assigned by two-dimensional COSY and ROESY. The results on 1H coupling constants indicated that all ethylated glucose units are in a 4C1 chair conformation. The average spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of ring carbons of DE-beta-CyD were only slightly shorter, and their standard deviations from the mean T1 value were larger, than those of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CyD), suggesting the presence of slightly irregular internal motion in the ethylated glucose units. The temperature dependence of chemical shift of DE-beta-CyD in DMSO-d6 suggested that the C3 hydroxyl protons may participate as proton donor in the intramolecular hydrogen bond to the C2 ethoxyl groups of neighboring glucose, and the intramolecular hydrogen bond of DE- and DM-beta-CyDs is much stronger than that of beta-CyD, suggesting the stable macrocyclic ring structure of DE-beta-CyD.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

A monoclonal antibody against carbohydrate moiety of rat gastric surface epithelial cell-derived mucin.

A monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated RGM11, was generated against mucin purified from the surface epithelial layer of rat gastric mucosa. RGM11 reacted with the purified mucin which had been attached to the ELISA well. This reaction was inhibited by the oxidation of the ELISA well with periodate, indicating the carbohydrate moiety of the mucin molecule to be the epitope of RGM11. Treatment of the ELISA well with galactose oxidase also reduced the reaction with this MAb, thus suggesting the peripheral galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine residues of the carbohydrate moiety of mucin are involved in the epitope structure. Histochemical observation indicated that this MAb was able to stain the formalin fixed-paraffin embedded sections of rat and was positive to the surface mucous cells of corpus and antral region of the stomach and the villus epithelium of the duodenal mucosa, but other organs and tissues of rat so far examined were all negative to this MAb. These results indicate that this newly established MAb, labelled RGM11, might be useful to estimate the physiological changes in gastric surface mucous cells and the role of surface epithelial cell derived mucus in the gastric mucosal defense mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of 5-fluorouracil and UFT on experimental liver metastasis model of colorectal cancer using mouse colon 26 cells.

Effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and UFT on an experimental liver metastasis model were compared at equi-effective dosage levels against subcutaneous tumor of mouse colon 26. 5-FU at the dosage level of 40 mg/kg suppressed the subcutaneous tumor growth by 70.0% and 45.0% on day 13 and day 18, respectively, and UFT at 20 mg/kg provided almost equal suppression (63.0% and 48.0%). In the liver metastasis model, 5-FU at 40 mg/kg showed more potent prevention of the formation of metastatic foci (94.9%) than did UFT (60.4%) at 20 mg/kg. 5-FU at 40 mg/kg produced a much higher peak serum level of 5-FU than did UFT at 20 mg/kg and also showed a much higher AUC (area under the curve) level in the portal blood. These results suggest that oral administration of 5-FU might be useful in prevention of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Inflammatory endotracheal polyp resolved after antibiotic treatment.

We describe a rare case of asymptomatic inflammatory endotracheal polyp resolved by antibiotic treatment. Histological examination of biopsy specimens showed an inflammatory polyp consisting of fibrovascular stroma and sparse lymphocyte infiltration. The size of the polyp was unchanged during 3 months without any treatment and its etiology was unclear. Although a bacterial organism was never proven, the polyp decreased remarkably under treatment with an oral antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) and did not recur for 6 months. Antibiotic treatment may be of value for inflammatory tracheobronchial polyps in cases of unclear etiology.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1993

[A case of tuberculosis of the thyroid gland].

A 49-year-old woman was admitted to our university hospital for examination of a neck mass. Computed tomography and ultrasonography revealed a nodule in her thyroid gland and a swollen cervical lymph node. They were removed surgically; a subsequent histological study revealed an epithelioid cell granuloma. A diagnosis of localized tuberculosis of the thyroid gland and a cervical lymph node was thus confirmed. The data of the present case were discussed with reference to the characteristics of thyroid tuberculosis described in the literature.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[Process of making a protocol for advanced gastric cancer chemotherapy--using 5'-DFUR+CDDP as an example].

The process of making a protocol for advanced gastric cancer chemotherapy was reported by using an example of 5'-DFUR+CDDP. Patient selection and eligibility criteria, treatment method (Regimen A, 5'-DFUR 1,400 mg/m2/day, p.o. day 1-day 4/w, and CDDP 80 mg/m2 i.v. day 5 q 3w, Regimen B, 5'-DFUR 1,400 mg/m2/day p.o. day 1-day 4/2w and CDDP 80 mg/m2 i.v. day 5 q 4w), Response criteria (by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer: The general rules for the Gastric Cancer Study, published in June, 1993. 12th edition), registration method (prestratification by cancer spread in patient's body: abdominal localized type, liver metastatic and/or ascitic type, distant type), proposal of potential response rate, method of analysis of results (effective rate (ER), median survival rate (MST), one and two-year survival rate), toxicity and QOL evaluation etc, were discussed. In Regimen A, ER of complete case was 40% (95% CI 20.8-59.2%) and MST was 9.1 months: responder was 9.8 months and non-responder was 9.1 months. In Regimen B, ER of complete case was 36.4% (95% CI 22.7-50.1%) and MST was 9.1 months: responder was 15.3 months and non-responder was 7.5 months. In the evaluation of toxicity and QOL, Regimen B was prominently better than Regimen A. The results indicated that after careful consideration of the above-mentioned points, good-quality clinical trials must be performed.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

[UFTPM (UFT + CDDP + MMC) therapy for progressive stomach cancer. Research Association of Progressive Stomach Cancer].

We organized a cooperative research group consisting of 10 institutions and UFTPM therapy was given patients with unresectable and postoperatively relapsed stomach cancer. As the result, 20 cases were registered and the ratio of PR according to the criteria of stomach cancer chemotherapy was 4 out of 17 complete cases (23.5%), excluding 3 incomplete cases. The efficacy for the cases treated with more than 2 courses was 36.4% (4/11) and that for cases with 3 courses was 75% (3/4). One case with 3 courses was resectable and the cancer cells disappeared. Adverse effects of grade 3 or more according to the WHO criteria were observed in 20% of the cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[A case of long-term survival in a patient with small cell lung carcinoma with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone].

A 73-year-old man was admitted on April 1984 because of an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. He was diagnosed as having small cell lung carcinoma (oat cell type) with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Initial chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, ACNU, vincristine, adriamycin, cis-platinum and etoposide was administered. The mass subsequently disappeared, and the serum sodium level normalized. About 2 years later, the patient developed a relapse of the primary lesion with hyponatremia. The same regimen as the initial chemotherapy was initiated and a complete response was again obtained. Similar episodes were repeated four times, and he died in April 1991. This patient survived for about seven years after the initial treatment without maintenance chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical studies on the intercostal minithoracotomy method in spontaneous pneumothorax].

The thirty patients with spontaneous pneumothorax were selected and treated with intercostal minithoracotomy (MT). To study the extent of surgical damage and recurrence rate and total hospital cost in this approach, we compared MT to axillary thoracotomy (AT) with respect to nine variables: (1) operative time (2) feverish period (more than 37 degrees C) (3) total drainage volume for two days after operation (4) white blood cell counts in the 1st postoperative day (POD) (5) CRP in the 3rd POD (6) PSTI (pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor) in the 3rd POD (7) period of hospital stay after operation (8) total hospital cost (9) postoperative recurrence rate. A control group of twenty patients undergoing AT over the same period was selected. The average length of operation (recorded in minutes) in the MT group was 25 (SD +/- 10) as compared to 41 (SD +/- 12) in the AT group. The difference between two groups proved to be statistically significant (p < 0.005). The average volume of drainage after operation (recorded in ml) in the MT group was 51 (SD +/- 45) versus 114 (SD +/- 93) in the AT group (p < 0.025). The average period of postoperative fever (recorded in days) in the MT group was 2.6 (SD +/- 1.2) versus 3.6 (SD +/- 1.6) in the AT group (p < 0.01). The average value of WBC (recorded in counts/mm2) in the MT group was 10,955 (SD +/- 2,564) versus 9,966 (SD +/- 3,034) in the AT group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Antitumor effect and survival benefit of chemotherapy for unresectable advanced gastric cancer.

The "Criteria for Evaluating the Efficacy of Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer" are now widely used in Japan. To assess the validity of the criteria, the relation between the antitumor effect evaluated by the criteria and the survival of patients with gastric cancer was analyzed. The subjects were 169 patients with unresectable advanced gastric cancer who were entered into a randomized comparative trial of tegafur plus mitomycin C, or UFT (a combination of uracil and tegafur in a 4:1 molar ratio) plus mitomycin C. Irrespective of their performance status, disease extent and chemotherapy regimen, responding patients showed improved survival over non-responding patients. If the primary gastric lesion responded to chemotherapy, prolongation of survival was noted in patients with a measurable gastric lesion as well as in those with a non-measurable but evaluable gastric lesion. No improvement in survival was recognized among patients having a primary gastric lesion which did not respond to chemotherapy, even if the metastases showed a response. The results obtained in the present study indicate the validity of the criteria, except for diffusely infiltrating gastric lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗