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Biomedical subjects

M Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to M Kudo.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Impaired insulin secretion in the spontaneous diabetes rats.

Dynamics of insulin and glucagon secretion were investigated by using a new model of spontaneous diabetes rats produced by the repetition of selective breeding in our laboratories. The perfusion experiments of the pancreas showed that the early phase of insulin secretion to continuous stimulation with glucose was specifically impaired, although the response of the early phase to arginine was preserved. The glucose-induced insulin secretion in the nineth generation (F8) which had a more remarkably impaired glucose tolerance was more reduced than in the sixth generation (F5). No significant difference of glucagon secretion in response to arginine or norepinephrine was noted between the diabetes rats and control ones. The present data indicate that the defective insulin secretion is a primary derangement in a diabetic state of the spontaneous diabetes rat. This defect in the early phase of glucose-induced insulin secretion suggests the specific impairment of the recognition of glucose by the pancreatic beta-cells. The spontaneous diabetes rats are very useful as a model of disease for investigating pathophysiology of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Basic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in pediatric field].

Cefmenoxime (CMX) is a newly developed cephalosporin. Basic and clinical studies on this drug was carried out and the results were as follows. 1. Serum level and urinary recovery A 7 years old male was administered 10 mg per kilogram of CMX by one shot intravenous injection. Serum levels were 23.3 micrograms/ml at the time of 15 minutes after injection, 12.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 3.9 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 2.0 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, and 0.3 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. In this same patient, 6-hour urinary recovery was 54.7%. 2. Clinical evaluation and adverse reaction Thirty-seven patients (upper respiratory infection 4, pneumonia 20, pyothorax 1, purulent lymphadenitis 1, cellulitis 2, sepsis 1 and urinary tract infection 8) were treated with CMX in doses of 30 approximately 212 mg/kg divided 3 approximately 4 times per day for 1.5 approximately 21 days intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 94.6%. As to adverse reaction, exanthema and drug fever were observed in 1 patient respectively. Abnormal laboratory data noted were eosinophilia in 2.3%, and elevation of serum transaminase in 9.8%.

Cefmenoxime↗
PubMed1982

Diagnostic usefulness of intramuscular nerve bundles.

The diagnostic usefulness of pathological changes in intramuscular nerve bundles was assessed in 555 consecutive muscle biopsy specimens. Nearly half (45%) of the biopsy specimens contained at least six nerve fibers. Slight endoneurial fibrosis was present in all biopsy specimens from patients over age 10 years. Moderate or marked fibrosis was infrequent in patients lacking electrodiagnostic, clinical, or muscle biopsy evidence of denervation but was present in 90% or more of patients with either spinal muscular atrophy or peripheral neuropathy; fibrosis correlated well with the presence of muscle fiber type grouping and grouped atrophy. Specific pathological diagnoses suggested by nerve bundles included amyloid, dysglobulinemic, and hypertrophic neuropathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Annual changes of sensitivities of Staphylococcus aureus to several antibiotics].

The antibacterial activities of Staph. aureus isolated in 1980 and 1981 at all districts in Japan to ABPC, CEZ, CMZ and GM were tested. Numbers of test strains were 587 strains in 1980 and 700 strains in 1981, respectively. The frequencies of ABPC and CEZ resistant strains of Staph. aureus (MIC: greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml) were clearly increased in annual variation. The percentage of CEZ resistant strains in 1981 tested by 10(8) CFU/ml inoculum size was 12.3%, but the same of CMZ was only 0.6%.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1981

Projections of the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus in the cat: an autoradiographic study.

Following injections of [3H]leucine into the dorsal (DLL) and the ventral (VLL) nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the cat, the efferent projections were studied with the autoradiographic method. Injections into DLL result in heavy labeling in the bilateral inferior colliculus (IC) and the contralateral DLL. Within IC, labeling is dense in the ventrolateral part of the central nucleus (CNv) and moderate in the external nucleus (EN). Labeling in the dorsomedial part of the central nucleus of IC (CNd) is very sparse. All labeled fibers bound for the contralateral side cross in the dorsal part of the midbrain tegmentum at the intercollicular levels via the so-called commissure of Probst. The distribution pattern of labeling in the contralateral IC is almost the same as that in the ipsilateral. In contrast to the cases of injections into DLL, injections into VLL produce labeling in the ipsilateral CNv and EN without labeling in the contralateral IC. A precise comparison of the distribution pattern of labeling within CNv between DLL and VLL injection cases reveals that DLL contributes fibers densely to the dorsal portion of CNv in the proximity of CNd and sparsely to the ventral portion; by contrast, VLL sends many fibers to the ventral portion close to the lateral lemniscus and a few to the dorsal portion. Thus it is suggested that CNv is further divided into dorsal and ventral subdivisions in terms of the terminal zones of afferents from DLL and VLL to CNv. In addition, labeling is found in the medial geniculate body, the nucleus of the trapezoid body and the marginal regions of the superior olivary nuclear complex in both DLL and VLL injection cases, while labeling in the superior colliculus and the pretectum are observed in DLL injection cases only.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A Golgi and electron-microscopic study of cerebellum in methylmercury-poisoned neonatal mice.

Neonatal C57BL/6J mice were injected with 5 mg/kg body weight of 203Hg-labeled methylmercuric chloride on postnatal days 3, 4, and 5, totaling 15 mg/kg body weight per animal. The experimental and control animals were sacrificed on postnatal by 15. Whole body radioactivity of 203Hg progressively increased during the 3-day injection period and reached the peak level and remained at peak levels until the time of sacrifice. This indicates a lack of clearance of 203Hg by neonatal mice during the period examined in this study. Golgi preparations of cerebella of MeHg-treated animals revealed significant reduction in dendritic arborization of Purkinje cells. Ultrastructurally, the vascular endothelium showed attenuation with increased electron density and frequent vacuolization of cytoplasm. Marked swelling of perivascular glia was noted in most of the capillaries throughout the cerebella of MeHg-treated animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Abnormal neuronal migration and gliomatosis cerebri in epidermal nevus syndrome.

A detailed neuropathologic examination of the brain of a child with the typical epidermal nevus syndrome revealed a primary disturbance of development of the brain. The developmental disturbance consisted of an abnormal or incomplete migration of neurons to form the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. The normal architectonic pattern of the cortical layer formation of the cerebrum and cerebellum was also disturbed. In addition, there was an abnormality in the proliferative activity of astroglial cells resulting in gliomatosis cerebri. It is suggested that the basic abnormality underlying various neurologic derangements in epidermal nevus syndrome is the result of a defect in specific developmental events, such as neuronal migration and cortical differentiation.

Brain↗
PubMed1981

Degradation of insulin in perfused liver and skeletal muscle and insulin secretion in perfused pancreas of liver injury rat.

To study the mechanism of hyperinsulinism and glucose intolerance in liver disease, insulin removal rate by liver and muscle, glucose uptake by muscle and insulin secretion from pancreas were measured using the perfusion in rats with injured liver induced by carbon tetrachloride (liver injury rat). In the perfused liver, insulin removal rate of liver injury rat decreased to 62% of that of normal rat, but it did not alter in the perfused muscle. Insulin response to arginine by the perfused pancreas of liver injury rat was similar to that of normal rat. Before insulin infusion, glucose uptake by the perfused muscle was similar in liver injury rat and normal rat. In contrast, during insulin infusion, glucose uptake by the perfused muscle was 1.5 times higher in liver injury rat than in normal rat. These results suggested that the peripheral hyperinsulinism was solely due to decreased hepatic insulin degradation, but not hypersecretion of insulin from pancreas and furthermore, might suggest that the insulin resistance was related to appearance of biologically inactive endogenous insulin, because of exogenous insulin completely acting on peripheral target tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of theophylline on insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from the isolated rat pancreatico-duodenal preparation.

In order to determine whether endogenous somatostatin has an inhibitory action on insulin and glucagon secretion, the isolated rat pancreas was perfused with 10mM theophylline, which strongly stimulated somatostatin release, under pretreatment or simultaneous administration of 8.3, 16.7 mM glucose and 20mM arginine with 4.4 mM glucose. 1) In the infusion of 10mM theophylline with 8.3 mM glucose, the first phase at the time corresponding with that of insulin release elicited by 8.3 mM glucose alone was suppressed by endogenous somatostatin stimulated by theophylline. 2) During the infusion of 16.7 mM glucose for 35 min, 10mM theophylline was interposed at from 15 to 25 min intervals. Its addition caused a rapid increase in somatostatin. Only at 15 min 30 sec and 16 min, insulin concentration went down and reached the levels of 70 and 74 per cent of the 15-min value, respectively. 3) During the infusion of 20 mM arginine with 4.4 mM glucose for 35 min, 10mM theophylline was added to the perfusate from 15 to 25 min. The addition of theophylline caused an increase in somatostatin and decrease in glucagon. At 15 min 30sec and 16 min, the levels of glucagon were 63 and 75 per cent of 15-min value, respectively. These results seem to support the idea that endogenous somatostatin suppressed glucose-induced insulin and arginine-induced glucagon secretion. However, the possibility of a direct effect of theophylline on the changes in insulin and glucagon secretion could not be excluded.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Retention of organic solvent vapors in plastic bags. Part 5. A basic study about correction methods of concentration of organic solvent vapors in plastic bags (author's transl)].

The concentration of organic solvents in plastic bags is decreased with time elapsed. It was supposed to permeate in plastic films. Therefore, we assumed that this phenomenon will be approximately regulated by the first order order reaction (C = C0e-kt). We got the permeation coefficient (k) by experiments and used it to correct organic solvent concentrations in the plastic bags. In the present experiment, we used Tedlar bags, toluene and ethyl methyl ketone (MEK) as organic solvents and determined the values by gas chromatography. Initial organic solvents concentration and that after t hr standing being taken as C0 and C. k Values are obtained by the formula C = C0e-kt. Mean values of k about toluene and MEK were found: k = 6.00 X 10(-3) and k = 4.86 X 10(-3). The results by this correction were as follows: Retention of toluene concentration in 24 hr standing bags showed to increase from 81% to 93%, or, in the case of 96 hr standing bags, it was shown to increase from 56% to 100%. Retention of MEK concentration in 24 hr standing bags showed to increase from 86% to 97%, or, in the case of 96 hr standing bags, it was shown to increase from 68% to 109%.

Butanones↗