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Biomedical subjects

M Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to M Kudo.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma in a Japanese population.

AIM: To evaluate the possible relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma, and its precursor lesion, intestinal metaplasia, in a Japanese population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: H. pylori infection was identified by the presence of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin (Ig)G. The frequency of H. pylori infection was compared in 109 patients with gastric carcinoma, the same number of patients with atrophic gastritis and asymptomatic controls matched for age, sex and place of birth. To study the relation between H. pylori and intestinal metaplasia, sera and gastric antral and corpus mucosal biopsies were obtained from 58 asymptomatic controls, 92 patients with chronic gastritis and 80 patients with peptic ulcer. RESULTS: The presence of IgG antibody to H. pylori was significantly more frequent in those with gastric carcinoma than in asymptomatic controls (87.2 versus 74.3%; odds ratio 2.4; 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.8). The positive rates of H. pylori IgG antibody were 80.7% in patients with atrophic gastritis. Mean serum gastrin and pepsinogen II levels in H. pylori-positive patients were higher than those in H. pylori-negative patients. Serum gastrin and pepsinogen I levels were significantly higher in controls than gastric carcinoma patients (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Serum pepsinogen I:II ratios were significantly lower in controls than in gastric carcinoma patients (P < 0.01). Intestinal metaplasia was strongly associated with H. pylori infection, and was only found in patients with IgG antibodies to H. pylori. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that H. pylori infection is associated with the development of gastric cancer by providing a suitable environment for carcinogenesis of the gastric mucosa, such as gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1995

[Pulmonary tuberculosis with systemic lymph node swelling].

A 31-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of cervical and axillar lymph node swelling. A chest X-ray film showed many nodular shadows and a cavity in the left upper lung field. The tuberculin test was positive. Transbronchial lung biopsy and cervical lymph node biopsy were done. Examination of the biopsy specimens revealed epithelial granulomas with caseous necrosis. Thus, pulmonary tuberculosis with systemic lymph node swelling was diagnosed. Examinations during the patient's hospital stay showed that she was not an immunocompromised host. Pulmonary tuberculosis with systemic lymph node swelling occurs only rarely in a non-immunocompromised host.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Health care and social services provided for the elderly in Hawaii: a study of the activities of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Diseases Association in Honolulu].

The purpose of this study is to develop helpful strategies to serve the elderly and their families in Japan. We conducted the study by spending three months at the Honolulu Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association, participating in various programs of the Association, conducting a literature search and interviewing various health and social services available to the caregivers and persons with Alzheimer's disease in Hawaii. From the study we make the following recommendations, which we feel would be very helpful if applied to the Japanese context; 1) The supply of information through educational videos and leaflets in caregiver support center and so on. 2) Active efforts to make widely known the social services in public place. 3) The promotion and development of the voluntary activities to increase services and resources for Japanese. 4) The promotion of caregiver support groups in the health care system of each Japanese community. 5) QOL (Quality of Life) programs for dementia patients among elderly such as reminiscence and life review therapy. 6) The development of the organization with the help of professionals and scholars of related fields.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Role of Helicobacter pylori in chronic gastritis: a prospective study.

We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastritis in a Japanese population. H. pylori was found in 67% of patients positive for mononuclear cell (MN cell) infiltration and in 75.8% of patients positive for polymorphonuclear cell (PMN cell) infiltration, whereas H. pylori was found in 14.2% of patients without MN cell infiltration and in 33.2% of patients without PMN cell infiltration. The frequency of MN and PMN cell infiltration in H. pylori-positive patients was significantly higher than that in H. pylori-negative patients. The frequency of H. pylori infection did not differ in those with atrophic gastritis from those without, whereas the frequency of intestinal metaplasia became significantly higher in those with moderate and severe atrophy. There was no significant difference between serum pepsinogen I (PG I) levels in H. pylori-positive and -negative patients. However serum PG II levels were significantly increased in H. pylori-positive patients aged 40-69 years. The serum PG I-II ratio was significantly lower in H. pylori-positive patients aged 40-59 years. These results suggest that H. pylori infection in the gastric mucosa plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic and atrophic gastritis and in the development of intestinal metaplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in early gastric cancer development.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in Japan. The possible relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer in Japan was evaluated. METHODS: H. pylori infection was identified by the presence of anti-H. pylori IgG. The frequency of H. pylori infection was compared in 213 patients with gastric cancer and the same number of asymptomatic control subjects matched for age and sex. RESULTS: The presence of IgG antibody to H. pylori was significantly more prevalent (P < 0.001) in those with gastric cancer compared with asymptomatic control subjects (88.2% versus 74.6%). H. pylori positive rates were significantly greater in patients with the intestinal type (90.4%, P < 0.001) and diffuse type (86.4%, P < 0.05) of gastric cancer than in control subjects. Ninety-three percent of the patients with early gastric cancer tested positive for H. pylori (P < 0.001 compared with control subjects), whereas no significant difference was observed between those with advanced gastric cancer and control subjects. The intestinal type of early gastric cancer showed only the significantly increased frequency of high titer (optical density > 1.50) of H. pylori IgG antibody (P < 0.001) compared with control subjects without cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that H. pylori infection may be associated with the development of early gastric cancer in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical demonstration of tissue kallikrein in the neurons of rat brain.

The distribution of tissue kallikrein (EC.3.4.21.35) in the rat brain was investigated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemical technique using antiserum against rat urinary kallikrein. More than 75% of the total amount of kallikrein in the extracts of the cerebral cortex and brain stem was determined by the ELISA to be in the form of prokallikrein, suggesting that the greater part of the enzyme exists in the form of pro-enzyme in the central nervous system. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination revealed that, although the kallikrein-positive cells were widespread and scattered in the brain, the immunoreactive substances preferentially locate in the neuronal cell bodies and their processes in both the cerebral cortex and brainstem.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Alteration of aldolase isozymes in serum and tissues of patients with cancer and other diseases.

We studied the alteration of aldolase isozymes in the serum and tissues of patients with cancer and other diseases using radioimmunoassays specific for aldolase A, B, and C subunits. Aldolase B was predominantly found in adult liver, where aldolase A and C were distinctly low. Aldolase A and B showed almost the same concentration in fetal liver, while in neonatal liver aldolase B protein concentrations were much higher than aldolase A. In contrast, aldolase A was the predominant isozyme found in hepatoma and gastric cancer tissues, whereas aldolase B was distinctly low in hepatoma tissues, and extremely low in gastric cancer tissues. These results suggest that the aldolase A is a more fetal type of liver isozyme than the aldolase B and C, and aldolase B is a more differentiated type of liver isozyme than aldolase A and C. Serum FDP aldolase activities were elevated in half of patients with liver diseases, all patients with muscle diseases and a few patients with cancer. Serum aldolase A levels were elevated in patients with muscle diseases and cancer, but not elevated in patients with liver diseases. In contrast, serum aldolase B levels were elevated in patients with liver disease, but not elevated in patients with muscle diseases and other diseases without liver injury. Serum aldolase B levels showed a trend to decrease in cancer patients with normal GPT levels. Serum aldolase A/B ratios were significantly increased in cancer patients with normal GPT levels, whereas they showed the decreased levels in patients with liver diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase↗
PubMed1994

The determination of ofloxacin in human skin tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography and correlation between skin tissue concentration and serum level of ofloxacin.

A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the measurement of ofloxacin in skin tissue, and the correlation between serum levels and skin tissue levels of ofloxacin was determined. The homogenized skin samples were directly introduced into an HPLC system after filtering through a Molcut II membrane filter to remove proteins. The filtrate was concentration on a pre-column using a phenyl-stationary phase and was then introduced to an analytical column using an ODS-stationary phase by column-switching techniques. Ofloxacin and lomefloxacin as an internal standard were detected by UV absorbance at 300 nm. Determination was possible for ofloxacin over the concentrated range 250-3000 ng (g skin tissue)-1; the limit of detection was 100 ng g-1. The absolute recovery of ofloxacin added to skin tissue homogenate was over 72% with a coefficient of variation of less than 4.1%. This method is applied to determination of skin tissue level of ofloxacin in patients after treatment with ofloxacin. The correlation between serum levels and skin tissue levels of ofloxacin was determined for 30 patients after oral administration of ofloxacin. Good correlation was obtained and the coefficient of correlation was 0.84.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Effect of topical preparation of mycophenolic acid on experimental allergic contact dermatitis of guinea-pigs induced by dinitrofluorobenzene.

The effects of a topical preparation of mycophenolic acid on the experimental allergic contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene was investigated. Visual assessment of skin reactions showed significant efficacy of a topical preparation of mycophenolic acid. This efficacy appeared from the early stage and endured up to 3 days. Morphological changes in the epidermis and dermis layers of animals treated with a mycophenolic acid cream were moderate compared with that in animals treated with vehicle only. In particular, hyperkeratosis was strongly suppressed. Since suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration was also observed, this efficacy might reach to the epidermis and dermis layer.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1994

Reinnervation by axon collaterals from single facial motoneurons to multiple muscle targets following axotomy in the adult guinea pig.

To study the process of recovery from facial palsy experimentally, the location of cranial motoneurons supplying the posterior belly of the digastric muscle (PDG) and the extratemporal portion of the facial nerve trunk was examined in a double-labeling paradigm using two retrograde tracers in the adult guinea pig of which the facial nerve had been surgically injured. In different stages after the induced facial palsy had recovered functionally (4-13 weeks after the surgical operation), wheat germ-agglutinated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected into the PDG and Fluoro-Ruby (FR) was applied to the proximal cut end of the extratemporal portion of the facial nerve trunk. Distribution of neurons retrogradely labeled with WGA-HRP and/or FR was plotted in the brainstem and compared with that of the controls. In the intact cases, HRP-labeled neurons were restrictedly seen in the accessory facial nucleus (Acs7), while FR-labeled neurons were found within the main facial nucleus (FMN). In the axotomized cases: (1) HRP-labeled neurons were seen diffusely in the Acs7 as well as in the FMN, where normal myotopical representation no longer seemed to be maintained. (2) FR-labeled neurons were also observed diffusely in the FMN and the Acs7. (3) A considerable number of neurons were doubly labeled with WGA-HRP and FR in both the Acs and the FMN in cases with shorter survival periods (4-7 weeks), but not in cases with longer survival periods (12-13 weeks). Thus, new findings show that connections are temporarily maintained by single, facial motoneurons with axon collaterals to multiple muscle targets in adult mammals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Compliance with antiplatelet therapy in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Assessment by platelet aggregation testing.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Antiplatelet therapy is currently one of the methods for preventing transient ischemic attacks and cerebral thrombosis. Because antiplatelet agents are generally administered on a long-term basis, patient compliance is an important factor. The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance of patients during antiplatelet therapy by testing platelet aggregation. METHODS: To establish the conditions for measuring platelet aggregation, the platelet aggregation test was performed in patients taking 81 mg/d aspirin or 200 mg/d ticlopidine at the following final concentrations of aggregation-inducing agents: 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mumol/L ADP and 0.5 and 2 micrograms/mL collagen. The optimum measurement conditions for assessing patient compliance were determined. Under the conditions determined in the first study, platelet aggregation was assessed, and the effects of treatment were studied in 159 outpatients and 79 inpatients undergoing antiplatelet therapy. If the antiplatelet effect was insufficient, compliance was checked by interview. RESULTS: The agents used and the final concentrations found to be optimum for assessing platelet aggregation were 2 micrograms/mL collagen for patients taking aspirin 81 mg/day and 2 mumol/L ADP for patients taking ticlopidine 200 mg/d. In 17 (10%) of the 159 outpatients, platelet aggregation was not adequately reduced because of noncompliance with their antiplatelet therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that monitoring of compliance is important for outpatients on antiplatelet therapy. It is best if platelet aggregation can be checked, but when this is impossible it is necessary to assess compliance periodically and provide patient guidance.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1994

Tissue kallikrein in rat and mouse neurons.

1. The distribution of tissue kallikrein in the rat brain was investigated by an immunohistochemical technique using antiserum against rat urinary kallikrein. The kallikrein-immunoreactive cells were widespread and scattered in both the cerebral cortex and brain stem, and the immunoreactive substance appeared to be preferentially localized around the neuronal cell body and their processes. 2. Furthermore, in order to define whether brain kallikrein levels vary in the aging process, the hydrolyzing activity in the cerebrum L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide (Pro-Phe-Arg-MCA) was measured in young (7-week old) and old (36-week old) female senescence accelerated mice (SAM-P/8 and SAM-R/1). The brain kallikrein levels of 7- as well as 36-week old SAM-P/8 were found to be lower than those of 7-week old SAM-R/1 (a control strain). Also, the brain kallikrein level of 36-week old SAM-R/1 animals was markedly reduced when compared with the 7-week old mice, suggesting that the reduced amount of cerebral kallikrein reflects the aging of the brain.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

[Home terminal care for terminal gastric cancer patients--case of epidural morphine injection].

Pain management at home for a terminal gastric cancer patient unable to take medications orally was made possible by a combination of serial morphine drip infusion and epidural anesthesia with morphine on a continuing basis using a disposal syringe. Before the patient was discharged, a conference was held to prepare for home care. Besides the patient and family, it was attended by the primary care doctor, ward nurse, home nurse, pharmacy staff, pain clinic doctor and hospital office personnel. The patient was duly informed of the disease by name and, thanks to fine cooperation from the medical staff, had achieved a good understanding, and spent his remaining time meaningfully. Morphine dosages upon discharge were 80 mg/day by drip infusion and 90 mg/day epidurally. For times of increased pain, the patient was instructed in how to self-administer 0.5% Mepivacaine (5 ml/time) with a syringe using an epidural catheter equipped with a 3-way stopcock. When this proved insufficient to control the pain, the patient was instructed to come for outpatient treatment on an emergency basis. With one visit per week to the hospital and home visits by a nurse once or twice a week, the patient managed at home for 82 days before increased pain resulted in rehospitalization. After the pain was brought under control and the patient was discharged, he was again hospitalized 5 days later. The pain control up until the time of death was by drip infusion of up to 1,200 mg/day morphine.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Hormonal changes during removal of aldosterone-producing adrenal tumor under sevoflurane anesthesia].

We measured plasma aldosterone, cortisol, ACTH and catecholamine concentrations during removal of aldosterone-producing adrenal tumor under sevoflurane anesthesia in four adult patients. Sevoflurane anesthesia alone did not affect the plasma levels of aldosterone, cortisol, ACTH and catecholamine. Plasma aldosterone levels increased significantly with surgical stimulation and reached the peak value before surgical manipulation. Thereafter they declined in magnitude and reached the value below the peanesthetic levels at recovery from anesthesia. Plasma cortisol and ACTH levels increased significantly with surgical stimulation, and plasma ACTH levels reached the peak values after the emergence from anesthesia in the recovery room. Plasma catecholamine levels increased with surgical stimulation, but the increase in plasma epinephrine levels was more striking than that in plasma norepinephrine levels during surgical manipulation of the tumor. Hypertension during manipulation of the tumor was demonstrated to correlate with increase in plasma epinephrine levels but not with plasma aldosterone levels. Sevoflurane gave us no trouble during anesthetic management for removal of aldosterone-producing adrenal tumor. We conclude that sevoflurane anesthesia is a better choice for surgery for primary aldosteronism.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗