[Tuberculosis in children].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M Kubo
Publications and source records attributed to M Kubo.
[Severe hypoxia due to persistent left supra vena cava draining to the left atrium after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass in a patient with endocardial cushion defect].
We report a case of severe hypoxia after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass in a ten-month-old patient with endocardial cushion defect. The severe hypoxia was improved abruptly when the persistent left supra vena cava (PLSVC) was ligated. The hypoxia, therefore, was considered to be caused by venous blood which was directly drained into the left atrium through the PLSVC. In cases with large right-to-left shunt which is difficult to explain only by intracardiac shunt, attention must be paid to existence of PLSVC directly draining into the left atrium.
Anesthesia, General↗
Effect of oral administration of Pinellia ternata, Zingiberis rhizoma and their mixture on the efferent activity of the gastric branch of the vagus nerve in the rat.
The effect of taste stimulation of Pinellia temata, Zingiberis rhizoma and their mixture on the efferent activity of the gastric branch of the vagus nerve was observed in the anesthetized rat. Taste stimulation by Pinellia ternata (50 mg/ml, 10 min) resulted in a suppression in vagal gastric nerve activity. On the contrary, stimulation by Zingiberis rhizoma (50 mg/ml, 10 min) caused a facilitation in efferent activity. The mixture of Pinellia ternata and Zingiberis rhizoma (5:1, 50 mg/ml, 10 min stimulation) demonstrated no suppressive effect on gastric nerve activity. These observations indicate that it is reasonable to prescribe Pinellia ternata with Zingiberis rhizoma in traditional Japanese medicine to prevent suppressive effect of the taste of Pinellia ternata on gastric function.
Administration, Oral↗
Usefulness of color kinesis imaging for evaluation of regional right ventricular wall motion in patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot.
We evaluated regional right ventricular wall motion during systole in patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) using color kinesis imaging. Color kinesis images were obtained in a subcostal sagittal view from 19 patients with repaired TOF (TOF group), aged 3 to 5 years, and 20 age-matched normal subjects (control group). For regional wall motion analysis, the endocardial motion distance and the fractional area change (FAC) were calculated for 6 segments obtained from color kinesis images. The endocardial inward excursion distances and the FACs in the upper, middle, and lower posterior segments of the TOF group were significantly greater than those of the control group (p <0.01 for each segment). The upper anterior segment showed significantly reduced inward excursion distance and FAC in the TOF group than in the control group (p <0.01, both). The dyskinetic outward excursion distances of the middle and lower posterior segments were significantly lower in the TOF group than in the control group (p <0.01, both). In the upper and middle anterior segments, the endocardial outward excursion distances were significantly higher in the TOF group than in the control group (p <0.01 and 0.05). Correlation between right ventriculographic and color kinesis measurements was excellent (y = 1.14x - 1.30, r = 0.87 for the endocardial inward excursion, and y = 1.03x +/- 0.56, r = 0.91 for the FAC). In conclusion, color kinesis is a useful method for assessing regional right ventricular wall motion. Segmental analysis of color kinesis images provides accurate, automated, and quantitative diagnosis of regional right ventricular wall motion abnormalities in patients with surgically repaired TOF.
Child, Preschool↗
Three-dimensional ultrastructure of apoptotic nuclei in rat prostatic epithelial cells revealed by a quick-freezing and deep-etching method.
BACKGROUND: To clarify intranuclear apoptotic changes, we have investigated chromatin organization in apoptotic nuclei of castrated rat prostatic cells by a quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) method. METHODS: The ventral prostates taken from intact and castrated adult male rats were investigated by light microscopy, in situ end-labeling (ISEL) technique, conventional electron microscopy, and the QF-DE method. RESULTS: In control nuclei, the chromatin fibers were uniformly distributed and formed a network structure. In apoptotic nuclei, destruction of such chromatin networks was detected, which was clearly seen by the QF-DE method. Although it first appeared spotty in the apoptotic nucleus, definite destruction of the intranuclear network occurred in the nuclear center at later stages, and broken fibrous structures were condensed along the nuclear margin. The ISEL technique was applied to the QF-DE method. Localization of damaged DNA fragments could three-dimensionally be detected on replica membranes. CONCLUSIONS: Intranuclear chromatin organization in apoptotic cell death of rat prostates was observed by the QF-DE method. We could examine early-stage apoptotic nuclei at an electron microscopic level, which would not be clarified by other conventional methods.
Animals↗
High SDF-1 expression in HIV-1 carriers does not correlate with CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression of viral replication.
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) inhibits T-cell tropic (T-tropic) HIV-1 infection in vitro. In this study, we examined the regulatory role of SDF-1 on HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HIV-infected individuals. We found that the amount of SDF-1 mRNA in freshly isolated PBMC of HIV-1 carriers was higher than in healthy donors. Moreover, PBMC from some asymptomatic carriers (ACs) exhibited high levels of SDF-1 mRNA expression. The level of SDF-1 expression in PBMC did not correlate with the magnitude of CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression of HIV-1 among ACs SDF-1 inhibited HIV-1 replication at the viral entry step, whereas a single-cycle HIV-1 infection system showed that the major part of the CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression occurs after intracellular penetration of the virus. Our results suggest that SDF-1 acts as a suppressor of virus replication in a CD8+ T-cell-independent mechanism in HIV-infected individuals.
Base Sequence↗
Relationship between circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The soluble form of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is detectable in human sera and is elevated in diabetic patients, with unknown clinical significance. In the present study, the relationship between serum soluble VCAM-1 and diabetic microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) was evaluated in 95 Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Serum soluble VCAM-1 concentration was higher in patients with more advanced stages of retinopathy as well as nephropathy. There was a significant correlation between soluble VCAM-1 and log10 (urinary albumin excretion) in 69 patients with normal serum creatinine levels (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001) and a significant correlation between soluble VCAM-1 and log10 (serum creatinine) in all the patients (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001). Soluble VCAM-1 concentration was also elevated in patients with neuropathy. There was a significant correlation between soluble VCAM-1 concentration and the number of microvascular complications (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001). However, multivariate regression analysis revealed that only diabetic nephropathy, was associated with the soluble VCAM-1 concentration. The elevation of circulating VCAM-1 level in diabetic nephropathy may result from underlying systemic endothelial dysfunction, increased VCAM-1 production in damaged renal tubular or glomerular epithelial cells and/or decreased renal clearance of this molecule, depending on the stage of nephropathy.
Analysis of Variance↗
Does Helicobacter pylori eradication depend on the period of amoxicillin treatment? A retrospective study.
In this study, the effect of different periods of amoxicillin (AMPC) treatment on the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in 173 patients with peptic ulcers (gastric ulcer, 109; duodenal ulcer, 64) was investigated. AMPC (1.5 g/day) was administered for 2, 4, or 6 weeks with omeprazole (20mg/day) and plaunotol (240mg/day), a mucoprotective drug, for 8 weeks. The H. pylori eradication rate was 46.7% for 2 weeks' treatment, 83.4% for 4 weeks' treatment, and 100% for 6 weeks' treatment. The eradication rate had a good correlation with the period of AMPC treatment. The healing rates of peptic ulcer at 4 and 8 weeks were 93.3% and 100%, respectively, in the 2-week group, 98.0% and 99.3% in the 4-week group, and 85.7% and 100% in the 6-week group. The recurrence rate of gastric and duodenal ulcers was 3.5% and 0% respectively, in the patients in whom H. pylori was eradicated and 30.0% and 40%, respectively, in the patients in whom H. pylori was not eradicated for 12 months after the H. pylori eradication treatment. Adverse effects of this regimen were observed in 5 (2.9%) of the 173 patients. Diarrhea was observed in 3 patients and eruption in 2. These adverse effects disappeared within a few days after only AMPC was withdrawn. Therefore, these may be caused by AMPC. The eradication rate of H. pylori depends on the period of AMPC treatment. This regiment, AMPC (1.5g/day) + omeprazole (20mg/day) + plaunotol (240mg/day), is safe and well tolerated for eradication of H. pylori.
Adult↗
A comparison of prosthetic materials used to repair abdominal wall defects.
Large abdominal wall defects may require a prosthesis for closure. The aim of our study was to identify the best material for abdominoplasty in pediatric patients. One hundred twenty-eight Wistar KY strain male rats (3 weeks old) were used. All animals underwent celiotomy via a midline skin incision. They were divided into seven groups as follows: the animals in groups 1 through 6 underwent full-thickness abdominal wall excision 3 cm in diameter. The animals in group 1 underwent primary closure. In groups 2 through 6 the defect was closed with prosthetic material. In Group 7, a sham operation was performed. Daily weights were measured. The animals were killed after 3 and 9 weeks. Adhesion scores were assigned for each group. Vicryl mesh resulted in the fewest adhesions and had no effect on weight gain in the developing rats.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Serum concentrations of carboxyterminal propeptide of type 1 procollogen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in patients with dermatomyositis.
Serum levels of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) have been used as indices of collagen synthesis in patients with various fibrotic diseases during the active stages. One of the suggested contributory factors to the development of tissue fibrosis is a decrease in collagenase activity, which may be related to levels of serum tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). In this study, the serum levels of PICP and PINP in 20 patients with dermatomyositis and 29 control subjects and of TIMP-1 in 29 patients with dermatomyositis and 29 control subjects were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or a radioimmunoassay (RIA). We found that the mean PICP level in patients with dermatomyositis was significantly higher than that in normal controls (mean +/- SD 326+/-76 ng/ml vs 135+/-88 ng/ml; P < 0.001). In 60% of dermatomyositis patients, the serum PICP level was elevated (more than 311 ng/ml, i.e. 2 x SD above the mean control value). Elevated serum PICP levels were correlated with the incidence of elevated serum creatine kinase levels in patients with dermatomyositis. The serum concentration of PINP was not elevated in comparison with that of the normal control subjects (mean +/- SD 36+/-30 ng/ml vs 63+/-34 ng/ ml). The mean TIMP-1 level in the patients with dermatomyositis was also significantly higher than in the normal control subjects (mean +/- SD 438+/-328 ng/ml vs 163+/-63 ng/ml; P < 0.001). In 59% of dermatomyositis patients, the mean serum TIMP-1 level was elevated (more than 289 ng/ml, i.e. 2 x SD above the mean control value). Serum PICP and TIMP-1 levels might be useful for detecting disease activity or severity in dermatomyositis.
Adolescent↗
Increased serum concentration of hyaluronate in dermatomyositis patients.
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Adult↗
Comparison of relapse and long-term survival between pylorus-preserving and Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy in periampullary cancer.
BACKGROUND: Whether long-term survival and type of recurrence in periampullary cancer are influenced by the type of surgical procedure or not is still obscure. The purpose of this review was to analyze the results at a single institution. METHODS: Between 1982 and 1996, 113 consecutive patients with either distal bile duct or ampullary cancers underwent either pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) or the Whipple procedure. The median follow-up was 30 months (range 12 to 150). Patient records were reviewed to determine type of recurrence and survival. RESULTS: In distal bile duct or ampullary cancers, comparison of actuarial survival curves between PPPD and the Whipple operation revealed no significant differences. Even in node-positive patients, the 5-year survival rates did not differ significantly between those undergoing PPPD or the Whipple operation. Tumor recurrence was not correlated with the operative method, although among types of tumor recurrence, the rate of blood-borne metastasis was higher in distal bile duct or ampullary cancers. CONCLUSIONS: PPPD is an acceptable alternative to the Whipple procedure in the treatment of periampullary cancer. Long-term survival and type of recurrence were not influenced by these types of surgical procedures.
Adult↗
Immunocytochemical expression of type I and type II collagens by rat Meckel's chondrocytes in culture during phenotypic transformation.
In culture, chondrocytes of Meckel's cartilage can differentiate further to become bone-type collagen-synthesizing cells. Here, the replacement of type II collagen by type I collagen, accompanying expression of the osteocytic phenotype, was analysed by double immunofluorescence staining, histochemistry and electron microscopy. After 1 week in culture, formation of a toluidine blue-positive matrix, demonstrating the synthesis of cartilaginous proteoglycans, and the expression of type II collagen were detected. After 2 weeks, immunoreactivity specific for type II collagen was detected along the cartilaginous areas of the nodules, and type I collagen appeared in association with the immunopositive extracellular matrix around spindle-shaped cells. Electron microscopy revealed that the extracellular matrix at this stage was composed of homogeneous fine fibrils of type II collagen and thick cross-banded bundles of type I collagen: there was also continuity between the type I and II collagens. Double immunofluorescence staining of 3 week-old cultures revealed that type II collagen had been replaced by type I which was synthesized by small round cells that appeared at the top of the nodules. With further passage of time in culture, the distribution of type I collagen expanded further towards the peripheral areas from the central areas of the nodules. The present combination of ultrastructural analysis and double immunofluorescence staining shows that the transition from synthesis of cartilage-specific type II collagen to expression of type I collagen occurred sequentially in spindle-shaped cells located at the top of nodules in conjunction with the further differentiation of Meckel's cartilage cells.
Animals↗
Peripheral vascular reactions to smoking--profound vasoconstriction by atherosclerosis.
Analyses of direct effects of smoking on peripheral arteries were done using thermography, blood fluorometry and echography on 97 habitual smoker-diabetics without triopathy. There were found to be four types of thermographic changes following smoking, which varied according to the degree of atherosclerosis of the artery. The smoking-stimulated thermographic pattern in the control group of healthy volunteers was a small wavy pattern, fluctuating along the base line every few minutes within a temperature range of 1.0-1.5 degrees C (N type). In diabetics, four types of thermographic patterns were produced: normal (N) type as control, increasing (I) type (increasing in skin temperature), decreasing (D) type (decreasing in temperature), and F type (no changes in temperature). The most significant finding was the decreasing pattern which closely connected to clinical and echographic aspects of macroangiopathic changes. The increasing type was characterized by a paradoxical increase in temperature after smoking in order diabetics with good blood glucose control and who were less atherosclerotic. Blood flow was correlated to the skin temperature at the base state and changes after smoking. Moreover, blood flow changes measured by fluorometry suggest that vasoconstriction or vasodilatation following smoking took place. These results suggest that this smoking test might be a good tool for diagnosing for the degree of atherosclerosis and for its following up.
Arteriosclerosis↗
The changes of lacunar state during a 5-year period in NIDDM.
With the increment of the aged, primary and secondary prevention of cerebrovascular disease in the Japanese diabetics are crucial problems. Early detection of asymptomatic infarction, not rare in diabetics, is important in the view of cost benefits. Little is known about the development and progression of asymptomatic infarction. We investigated the number of lacuna during a period of 5 years in 51 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). At the initiation of this study, 22 patients were free from lacuna and another 29 patients had asymptomatic multiple lacunae. In the former patients, no risk factors were different between the 13 patients with still no lacuna and the nine patients with lacuna-developed after 5 years. In the latter patients, the 17 patients with worsening lacunar state had significantly higher systolic blood pressure, and a higher prevalence of macroalbuminuria than the 12 patients with no increment of lacuna. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that macroalbuminuria after 5 years was the only contributing factor to the increased lacuna. Therefore, in the NIDDM, macroalbuminuria induced an increase of lacuna in magnetic resonance imaging, although numbers of cases were relatively small. Prevention of the development of macroalbuminuria are essential to avoid the progression of asymptomatic lacuna.
Aged↗
Potassium channel activation and relaxation by nicorandil in rat small mesenteric arteries.
1. We used whole-cell patch clamp to investigate the currents activated by nicorandil in smooth muscle cells isolated from rat small mesenteric arteries, and studied the relaxant effect of nicorandil using myography. 2. Nicorandil (300 microM) activated currents with near-linear current-voltage relationships and reversal potentials near to the equilibrium potential for K+. 3. The nicorandil-activated current was blocked by glibenclamide (10 microM), but unaffected by iberiotoxin (100 nM) and the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor LY 83583 (1 microM). During current activation by nicorandil, openings of channels with a unitary conductance of 31 pS were detected. 4. One hundred microM nicorandil had no effect on currents through Ca2+ channels recorded in response to depolarizing voltage steps using 10 mM Ba2+ as a charge carrier. A small reduction in current amplitude was seen in 300 microM nicorandil, though this was not statistically significant. 5. In arterial rings contracted with 20 mM K+ Krebs solution containing 200 nM BAYK 8644, nicorandil produced a concentration-dependent relaxation with mean pD2 = 4.77+/-0.06. Glibenclamide (10 microM) shifted the curve to the right (pD2 = 4.32+/-0.05), as did 60 mM K+. LY 83583 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the relaxant effect of nicorandil, while LY 83583 and glibenclamide together produced greater inhibition than either alone. 6. Metabolic inhibition with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (30 nM), or by reduction of extracellular glucose to 0.5 mM, increased the potency of nicorandil. 7. We conclude that nicorandil activates KATP channels in these vessels and also acts through guanylyl cyclase to cause vasorelaxation, and that the potency of nicorandil is increased during metabolic inhibition.
Aminoquinolines↗
Expression of fibrogenic cytokines in desmoplastic malignant melanoma.
Desmoplastic malignant melanoma (DMM) consists of amelanotic spindle-shaped melanoma cells and is accompanied by desmoplasia with fibrous stromata. It has a strong tendency for local infiltrative growth and recurrence and a propensity for neurotropism. It is not yet known which cytokine is responsible for the desmoplasia in DMM. In the present study, we investigated the roles of several fibrogenic cytokines and cytokine receptors in DMM: basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor-beta, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF receptors. Immunostaining and in situ hybridization were conducted in four cases of DMM and four cases of amelanotic malignant melanoma (AMM) as negative controls for desmoplasia. PDGF-beta receptor, bFGF and CTGF were intensely expressed in the DMM specimens in comparison with the AMM specimens. The reaction of PDGF-B ligand and CTGF to PDGF-beta receptor, in addition to the expression of bFGF, may contribute to the desmoplasia in DMM.
Adult↗
Serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor in collagen diseases.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic cytokine which has been reported to be important in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, the serum level of VEGF was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 49 patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), 40 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 49 patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), 40 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 11 patients with RA and 20 control subjects. The VEGF level was 184 +/- 62 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) in the serum of normal individuals. The mean VEGF levels in the patients with PM/DM or RA were significantly higher than in the normal controls. In 21 of the 49 patients with PM/DM and nine of the 11 patients with RA, the serum VEGF level was considered to be elevated. In patients with SSc, those with diffuse cutaneous SSc showed elevated VEGF levels in comparison with normal controls. An elevated serum VEGF level was correlated with the frequency of lung fibrosis and reduced vital capacity in the patients with SSc.
Adolescent↗