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Biomedical subjects

M Kristof

Publications and source records attributed to M Kristof.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Treatable abdominal pathologic conditions and unsuspected malignant neoplasms at autopsy in veterans who received mechanical ventilation.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine, in medical patients who received mechanical ventilation, the frequency and types of major unexpected diagnoses at autopsy that, if known before death, would probably have led to improved survival (class I errors) or substantively changed management but not survival (class IIB errors). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Six medical intensive care units in a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. PATIENTS: One hundred seventy-two autopsied patients of the 401 veterans who received mechanical ventilation and died in the hospital. RESULTS: The class I error rate was 12%. Abdominal pathologic conditions--abscesses, bowel perforations, or infarction--were as frequent as pulmonary emboli as a cause of class I errors. While patients with abdominal pathologic conditions generally complained of abdominal pain, results of examination of the abdomen were considered unremarkable in most patients, and the symptom was not pursued. Six percent of patients had extensive malignant neoplasms (class IIB errors). CONCLUSIONS: Atypical presentation of potentially treatable abdominal pathologic conditions is a common cause of class I errors in veterans who receive mechanical ventilation. Conversely, several patients with unrecognized terminal conditions underwent intensive intervention. If the information gained at autopsy had been known before death, management would have probably changed substantively in 18% of patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

[Prognosis in epilepsy and tactics in terminating antiepileptic therapy].

Views on the termination of long-term antiepileptic treatment differ. The submitted paper emphasizes the importance of a correctly established prognosis for assessment of a suitable time for the termination of therapy. The correct prognosis can be established on the basis of the mutual ratio of favourable and unfavourable prognostic factors in the course of every individual case of the disease. The aim of the work made in a group of 105 patients with epilepsy was to assess the prognostic values of 31 factors which play an important role in the course of the disease. The author found statistically significant differences in the incidence of some factors in patient groups with a favourable and adverse course of the disease. In the conclusion the author describes the tactics of terminating antiepileptic treatment based on the assessed prognostic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Lateralization of the epileptic process and psychology].

In a group of 70 patients with a unilateral epileptic process in the temporal limbic structures, localized in the left half of the brain in 38 patients (26 men, 12 women) and in the right half of the brain in 32 patients (17 men, 15 women) the lateralization of motor functions, asymmetry of emotional mimicry, conjugated deviation of the eye bulbs, intellect, memory, psychomotor rate and personality (laterality test of Matĕjcek--Zlab, Wechsler's intellect and memory scale, Benton, Stroop, VAROS, SUPOS, DSF, Washington Psychosocial--Seizure Inventory WPSI was investigated. Patient with a left-sided epileptic process had only insignificantly lower contact with psychiatry (31.6% as compared with 40.6%). Significantly lower contacts with psychiatry were recorded in 35 patients with a predominance of emotional mimicry (while smiling) on the left (25.0% as compared with 47.1%, p less than 0.05) and particularly significantly low in 18 patients with a combination of signs left-sided epileptic process + predominance of emotional mimicry on the left + deviation of the eyeballs on the right (mathematical stimulus) + genotypical righthandedness (16.7% as compared with 42.3%, p less than 0.025). Men with a left-sided epileptic process displayed a significantly greater anxiety, in women this trend was only indicated. Four women with a left-sided epileptic process anticipating regulation of behaviour was typical, for women with a right-sided epileptic process lower autoregulating inhibitions. A left-sided epileptic process had significantly more often a favourable course of epilepsy (in 65.8% as compared with 25.0%, p less than 0.005). In psychological tests, however, the differentiating criteria were much more than the course of the disease invalid pension, contact with psychiatry and subjective need of assistance from a psychiatrist or psychologist.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Initial experience with the Czech version of the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory].

The Czech version of the Washington psychosocial questionnaire for paroxysmal diseases (WPSI) was presented to 100 ambulatory patients selected at random at the Regional Clinic for Paroxysmal Diseases in Prague (55 men, 45 women). The results are compared with data in the literature on samples from other countries; the Czech sample has mostly median values. Comparison of the sub-groups of the Czech group revealed differences by sex (women had more problems in the scale of family background, men in the scale of vocational adjustment), by the duration of the disease (with a shorter duration of the disease greater financial difficulties were associated), and by the neurologist's evaluation of the development of the disease (on the whole patients with a favourable development of the disease had significantly more often a high score of the lie scale-40.5%). Those patients with a favourable development of the disease who had the score of the lie scale in the normal range had greater difficulties with interpersonal adaptation and adaptation at work than patients with an adverse development of the disease.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Physiological asymmetry of brain functions--its influence on the lateralization, symptomatology and course of the epileptic process.

Lateralization of the epileptic process in a group of 152 subjects and the relationship of epilepsy to the lateralization of brain functions was studied in smaller groups of 108 and 56 subjects. A unilateral epileptic process in the temporal limbic structures of the brain is localized in the left half of the brain twice (in 64.5%) to four times (in 80.8%) as often as in the right half. The greater the asymmetry of physiological brain functions--in particular motor and verbally symbolic functions--the more is this tendency pronounced. An epileptic process in temporal limbic structures of the left half of the brain is manifested more often in primarily generalized epileptic seizures with initial sudden and complete loss of consciousness. Episodic spike-and-wave activity, which is the typical electroencephalographic correlate of primarily generalized seizures, or of the thalamocortical aetiopathogenetic component of the epileptic process, is often asymmetrical in amplitude, which in 68.1% of these cases is twice as high over the left hemisphere. An epileptic process in subcortical structures of the right hemisphere impairs physiological asymmetry of emotive facial mimicry (with preponderance of mimic reactions on the left) and in 68.4% of the cases causes atypical preponderance of emotive mimicry in the right half of the face. A unilateral epileptic process in subcortical structures of the left half of the brain has a more favourable course and more hopeful prognosis in 70.4% of the cases, while the course of a right-sided process is worse in 67.6%.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1983

[Epilepsy].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Epilepsy↗
PubMed1981

Activating effect of nasal and oral hyperventilation on epileptic electrographic phenomena: reflex mechanisms of nasal origin.

In experiments on animals, airflow through the nasal cavity elicits rhythmic synchronized activity that can trigger and/or elicit epileptic electrographic activities in the limbic structures of the brain. This could be demonstrated in studies of lower vertebrates (frogs and turtles). In the turtle the elicited paroxysmal activity often had the shape of regular high-voltage activity in the theta-frequency range (average frequency, 4.1 Hz). It was further proven in clinical experiments that nasal deep breathing with a closed mouth effectively activates epileptic electrographic phenomena of a temporal (limbic) origin. The activating effect was more pronounced on the side ipsilateral to the ventilated nasal meatus. It could also be evoked by air insufflation into the nasal cavity. This effect was suppressed by anesthesia of the mucous membrane in the upper nasal meatus. Possible mechanisms of this, probably reflex, phenomenon are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Activating effect of nasal air flow on epileptic electrographic abnormalities in the human EEG. Evidence for the reflect origin of the phenomenon.

Deep nasal breathing [with the mouth closed] activates [to a certain extent selectively], in the human EEG, epileptic abnormalities of diencephalotemporal origin [Servít et al. 1977]. This activating effect could be suppressed by local anaesthesia of the mucosa membrane in the superior nasal meatus. The same abnormalities could be elicited or activated by air insufflation into the upper nasal cavity, without pulmonary hyperventilation. These results speak in favour of the assumption that a neural [reflex] mechanism of the activating effect of nasal hyperventilation is involved, with a reflexogenic area in the superior nasal meatus.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1979

[Prognosis in epilepsy and tactics to be applied in terminating anti-epilepsy therapy].

This paper compares basic concepts published by eminent epileptologists, supplementing them by a specific analysis of 350 case records. The author, on the basis of data reported in the literature and the results of his own investigations, makes concrete recommendations for the discontinuation of anticonvulsives in the treatment of epilepsy.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1978

Preventive treatment of migraine headache with a new isoergolenyl derivative.

In the present double-blind clinical trial an isoergolenyl derivative with periphal antiserotonin, central dopaminergic activity and alpha-increasing effect on the human EEG, lisuride hydrogen maleate, was tested against placebo in a six-month trial involving 240 patients. Lisuride in long-term administration significantly reduces the frequency of migraine attacks in comparison to placebo. Its advantages are good tolerance and minimal side-effects. It is therefore concluded that lisuride is a suitable and effective drug for the prevention of migraine.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Activation of epileptic electrographic phenomena in the human EEG by nasal air flow.

The activating effect of deep oral breathing (with the nose closed) and nasal hyperventilation (with mouth closed) was examined in 62 patients with three different kinds of epileptic EEG abnormalities: unilateral localized temporal (fronto-temporal, occipito-temporal) abnormalities - group F, bilateral episodic theta-delta abnormalities - group TH, and bilaterally synchronous spike and wave abnormalities - group SW. Nasal hyperventilation was much more effective in group F and TH. Its effect was already significant 30-60 seconds after the start of deep breathing. In the group SW there were no statistically significant differences between the effects of nasal and oral hyperventilation. Unilateral nasal hyperventilation (the other nasal cavity being closed by tamponade) demonstrated a more pronounced activating effect on ipsilateral localized temporal EEG abnormalities. These effects of deep nasal breathing can hardly be explained by metabolic-vascular mechanisms, which probably are involved in the course of oral hyperventilation. On the other hand they are in agreement with animal experiments demonstrating that the mechanical stimulus of nasal air flow operates as a synchronizing impulse for certain rhinencephalic structures.

Electroencephalography↗