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Biomedical subjects

M Kraus

Publications and source records attributed to M Kraus.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal is much less common than squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Signs and symptoms of the case presented here consisted of a longstanding discharging ear, a progressive hearing loss, and the presence of a circumferential subcutaneous induration in the distal third of the external auditory canal. No dizziness, tinnitus, or facial weakness was present. Computed tomography showed a soft tissue mass in the external auditory canal and middle ear with no lytic areas of the mastoid or the temporal region. A biopsy specimen was interpreted as an adenoid cystic carcinoma. Treatment consisted of radical excision of the external auditory canal via a modified temporal bone resection. This radical approach resulted in the local eradication of the lesion.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed1989

Isolation of a novel receptor cDNA establishes the existence of two PDGF receptor genes.

A genomic sequence and cloned complementary DNA has been identified for a novel receptor-like gene of the PDGF receptor/CSF1 receptor subfamily (platelet-derived growth factor receptor/colony-stimulating factor type 1 receptor). The gene recognized a 6.4-kilobase transcript that was coexpressed in normal human tissues with the 5.3-kilobase PDGF receptor messenger RNA. Introduction of complementary DNA of the novel gene into COS-1 cells led to expression of proteins that were specifically detected with antiserum directed against a predicted peptide. When the new gene was transfected into COS-1 cells, a characteristic pattern of binding of the PDGF isoforms was observed, which was different from the pattern observed with the known PDGF receptor. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor in response to the PDGF isoforms was also different from the known receptor. The new PDGF receptor gene was localized to chromosome 4q11-4q12. The existence of genes encoding two PDGF receptors that interact in a distinct manner with three different PDGF isoforms likely confers considerable regulatory flexibility in the functional responses to PDGF.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Alprazolam in the treatment of panic attack patients with and without major depression.

Sixteen patients with panic attacks were treated with alprazolam at an anxiety clinic between March 1982 and April 1983. For all patients charts were reviewed for baseline data and treatment results at 1 and 6 months. Quantitated self-rating scales and the Clinical Global Impressions scale were used to assess progress. Alprazolam appeared effective for panic, agoraphobia, and depressive symptoms in 7 of 11 patients with either panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks (DSM-III-defined diagnoses); side effects occurred in 4 of the 11 patients, were limited to oversedation, and resulted in no discontinuations of drug. However, alprazolam was ineffective in controlling panic, agoraphobia, and depression in 5 patients with panic attacks and secondary major depressive episode; for this group of patients, side effects were apparently paradoxical and required drug discontinuation in 3 of these 5 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Regulation of corticosterone metabolism in liver cell fractions in young and adult rats: cofactor requirements, effects of stress and phenobarbital treatment.

Corticosterone metabolism was studied in the 10,000 X g supernatant fraction of the liver homogenate supplemented with cofactors (NADH, NADPH), or with the system participating in NADPH synthesis. NADPH was more effective than NADH for the degradation of the A ring and the side chain of corticosterone. The rate of reduction of the A ring, in both the supernatant and the sediment, was higher in adult than in infant rats. The rate of metabolism of the side chain did not change during development in the supernatant, but it was lower in the sediment from adult than from young animals. Corticosterone metabolism was also studied in infant and adult rats, after recurrent stressful stimulation or the repeated administration of phenobarbital, in both liver homogenate fractions, supplemented by the NADPH-regenerating system. Both stress and phenobarbital administration reduced the rate of corticosterone side chain and A ring metabolism in the liver of 7-day-old young. In adult animals, the rate of corticosterone metabolism was unaffected by stress, but the administration of phenobarbital raised the rate of metabolism of the corticosterone side chain in the sediment fraction obtained by centrifugation at 10,000 X g.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Regulation of liver corticoid metabolism during early postnatal life: effects of surgical stress.

Corticosterone metabolism by liver slices was investigated in suckling (10-day-old), weanling (21-day-old) and adult male rats. During the suckling period adrenalectomy as well as sham adrenalectomy increase the rate of steroid A ring reduction and also the rate of steroid side chain degradation by 20-40%. In older animals such changes were not detected. The results support an earlier assumption that liver steroid metabolism is regulated in an age specific manner.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1985

Changes in the activity of rat cortical and hippocampal neurones after the iontophoretic administration of beta-endorphin, glutamate and GABA.

The effect of microiontophoretically administered beta-endorphin on the activity of 62 cortical and hippocampal neurones was studied in acute experiments on 14 rats. The effectiveness of beta-endorphin was first of all verified in the isolated guinea pig ileum, the mouse was deferens and in a study if its analgetic and catatonic effect in rats. Beta-endorphin only mildly depressed the spontaneous activity of cortical neurones, but markedly inhibited the activity stimulated by the microiontophoretic administration of glutamate. In the hippocampus, beta-endorphin stimulated the activity of all the studied neurones when only low ejection currents were used and activation persisted for 1-4 min after terminating administration. With higher ejection currents, the discharge frequency rose enormously and not even GABA blocked this effect. The excitatory effect of beta-endorphin on the hippocampal neurones may possibly be the basis of the epileptogenic action of this substance.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1985

Diagnostic accuracy of thyroid aspirative cytology in view of cumulative experience.

Cytological findings of 100 fine-needle aspirations from thyroid nodules of 83 patients were reviewed and correlated with histological or clinical diagnoses. Diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory lesions, papillary carcinomas and nonfollicular tumors was very high and did not alter significantly after reexamination. The diagnostic accuracy of proliferative follicular lesions improved considerably with experience. There was some overlap in the diagnosis of follicular adenomas and goiters; we did not differentiate between follicular adenomas and carcinomas, both of which were reported as follicular tumors, but all cases of follicular carcinoma were diagnosed as follicular tumors, thus warranting biopsy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Parameters which can differentiate patients with "idiopathic" from patients with lymphoma-induced liver granulomas.

Part of the "idiopathic" liver granulomas prove finally to be caused by infection, sarcoidosis, or malignancy. We looked for the initial admission parameters which may differentiate the idiopathic from the malignancy related granulomas. Patients with idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis had smaller spleen than of lymphoma related granulomas (2.15 +/- 2 versus 9.5 +/- 4.8 cm below the costal margin, p less than 0.01), smaller liver (2.61 +/- 2 cm versus 6.5 +/- 4.0 cm, p less than 0.05), a lower percent of eosinophils (2.3 +/- 1.4 versus 6.2 +/- 3.5%, p less than 0.05) and unlike patients with lymphoma, their fever did not persist beyond 4 wk (p = 0.03). Indeed, if the fever remitted spontaneously, it was likely that a benign condition was responsible for the granulomas (p less than 0.025). If fever persisted (4 wk), a liver or a spleen extending more than 4 cm below the costal margin and 4% eosinophils were attributed 1 point each; a score of 2 points had a specificity of 80 and a 100% sensitivity in detecting patients with lymphoma related liver granulomas. It is concluded that the size of the liver and spleen, the percentage of eosinophils, and the persistence of fever may differentiate between patients with idiopathic- versus lymphoma-related granulomatous hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas masquerading as "idiopathic" liver granulomas.

Three patients presented with liver granulomas and fever. An intensive investigation was initially negative. Corticosteroids were administered with dramatic clinical improvement. Ten months to 3 years later, upon tapering the corticosteroid dose, the initial manifestations reappeared. In two patients Hodgkin's lymphoma was discovered and in a third histiocytic lymphoma. Thus, the diagnosis of lymphoma should be considered in patients with idiopathic liver granulomas, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly without lymph node enlargement, who respond initially to steroid administration but relapse upon tapering the dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Neoplastic transformation of fetal lamb kidney cells by bovine leukemia virus.

Neoplastic transformation of fetal lamb kidney (FLK) cells by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is reported. Morphological transformation was observed in FLK cells within a few weeks of BLV inoculation. BLV-transformed FLK cells had the following properties generally associated with viral transformation: (1) altered morphology; (2) increased growth rate; (3) colony formation in soft agar medium; (4) formation of large cell aggregates and growth in this aggregate form above an agar base; and (5) tumorigenicity in nude mice. The transformed cells contained BLV-specific p24 and gp51 antigens and were virus producers. BLV was detected in transformed cells by syncytial assay. The transformed cells yielded high-titered viral reverse transcriptase activity and viral particles. The transformed cells contained marker chromosomes (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M7) and a large submetacentric chromosome, but control cells did not. Thus, we demonstrated the neoplastic transformation of FLK cells by BLV.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Pupillometry, a clinical-pharmacologic model; statement of its strengths and limitations].

A new non-invasive clinical pharmacological model, developed at out Institut, is reported. The principle of the model is the photographic determination of the diameter of the pupil before and after administration of drugs active at the pupilr muscle. The area of the pupilla as a parameter of drug effect can be predicted mathematically. With the reported model the area under the area time curve, the pupillar index and the mean myotic or mydriatic time is determined. The area under the curve gives information about the extent of the drug effect. The pupillar index takes the maximum diameter into account and is even more sensitive than the area under the curve, correcting steep and flat profiles of the area time curve. The mean mydriatic or myotic time gives a robust measurement concerning the duration of the drug effect. To prove the relevance of our model we used treptilamine hydrochloride in four different formulations orally and intravenously. The results show: 1. The model is appropriate to show the effect of drugs on the smooth pupillar muscle concerning rate and extent; 2. The drug treptilamine hydrochloride does change the diameter of the pupils; 3. The drug is active after oral application.

Bridged-Ring Compounds↗
PubMed1982

[Investigations to gastric tolerance of a sustained release theophylline formulation (author's transl)].

The measurement of the transmural gastric potential difference (PD) is a suitable method to quantify irritations of the human gastric mucosa caused by drugs. Purpose of this investigation was to check the gastric tolerance of Bronchoretard, a new developed "divided-dose" drug formulation of theophylline as retarded pellets in capsules in comparison to pure theophylline solution. After having checked the suitability of the procedure in respect of the obtained results, a study on 7 healthy male volunteers was considered to be justifiable, as the development of retarded theophylline preparations, which cause lower irritations in the stomach by slower release of pure theophylline, has a high therapeutic value. With the gastric PD model, developed at our institute following variables were calculated: the area under the baseline (AUB), the "Reizindex" (RI), the mean instability time (MIT) of the membrane and the maximum potential difference (Pdmax). The volunteers wee admitted to the ward of our institute 36 h before the first application. On 2 different days 350 mg theophylline, dissolved in 50 ml physiological saline as well as 1 capsule Bronchoretard containing 350 mg theophylline, were administered Cross over according to a randomisation plan and the deviation of the PD was measured as a function of time. The study led to the following results: after administration of Bronchoretard the AUB is statistically significant smaller than after administration of theophylline solution (P less than 0.05). After administration of Bronchoretard the RI is statistically significant smaller than after administration of theophylline solution (p less than 0.05). After administration of Bronchoretard the mean instability time is statistically significant smaller than after administration of theophylline solution (p less than 0.05). After administration of Bronchoretard Pdmax is smaller in trend than theophylline solution (p greater than 0.05). The oral administration of Bronchoretard leads to considerably lower irritation than the instillation of the same dose of theophylline in solution.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Pupillometry, a clinical pharmacological model / Relevance and limits (author's transl)].

A new non-invasive clinical pharmacological model, developed at the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Bobenheim (FR Germany), is reported. The principle of the model is the photographic determination of the diameter of the pupilla before and after administration of drugs active at the pupillar muscle. The area of the pupilla as a parameter of drug effect can be proceeded mathematically. With the reported model the area under the time curve, the pupillary index and the mean myotic or mydriatic time is determined. The area under the curve gives information about the extent of the drug effect. The pupillary index takes the maximum diameter into account and is even more sensitive than the area under the curve, correcting steep and flat profiles of the time curve. The mean mydriatic or myotic time gives a robust measurement concerning the duration of the drug effect. To prove the relevance of our model we used N,N-diethyl-N-(2-[alpha-(tricyclo(2.2.1.02.6)hept-3-ylidene)-benzyloxy]-ethyl)- amine hydrochloride (treptilamine hydrochloride, Asta S 5521) in four different dosages orally and intravenously. The results show: 1. The model is appropriate to show the effect of drugs on the smooth pupillary muscle concerning rate and extent. 2. The drug treptilamine hydrochloride does change the diameter of the pupils. 3. The drug is active after oral application.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

T- and B-cell determination in various lymphoid tissues of mice during N-nitrosobutylurea (NBU) leukemogenesis.

T- and B-cell distribution in thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes has been investigated during chemical lymphomagenesis. N-nitrosobutylurea (0.04 g/100 ml) in drinking water was administered to 35-day-old male C57BL mice for a period of 60 days. As of week 11, 21 of 22 Nbu mice developed thymic lymphomas of lymphoblastic cell type which showed a general leukemic spread to spleen, lymph nodes, and several extralymphatic organs at week 16. Immunocytologic studies revealed the T-cell origin of these thymic type lymphomas. Alteration of the T-cell system during latency period was represented by reduced thymic weight, cell numbers, as well as absolute and relative T-cell reduction. Absolute T-cell reduction was also observed in the spleen, although the reduction of splenic lymphoid cells was mainly caused by a decrease of B cells. In lymph node subnormal variations of theta-positive cells took place, whereas B-cell distribution was not altered. An impaired T- and B-cell function was suspected from preleukemic changes of lymphoid subpopulations. The results are compared with other murine lymphomas and discussed with regard to a functional hypothesis of lymphomagenesis.

Animals↗