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Biomedical subjects

M Koslow

Publications and source records attributed to M Koslow.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Neuroanatomical digital image processing in CT-guided stereotactic operations.

In order to utilize computed tomography (CT) for functional neurosurgical procedures, a number of problems must be resolved. One such problem is the development of an appropriate technique for digital processing of neuroanatomical images. Our previous work concerned a numerical reproduction of a well-known stereotactic atlas and its three-dimensional manipulation. In order to efficiently utilize this information with CT images we propose a technique for data reduction that allows the reconstruction of anatomical structures from the atlas. The logic of implementing these data in CT-assisted stereotactic surgery is described.

Brain↗
PubMed1982

Transverse axial plane anatomy of the temporal bone employing high spatial resolution computed tomography.

Anatomical relationships of temporal bone structures are demonstrated by thin section edge detection computed tomography. Many otic structures are best appreciated in axial view, but reorientation to anatomy as seen in this plane is needed for optimal diagnosis. A level by level review of key structure is presented toward this end. The limitations and advantages of computed tomography are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Stereotactic surgical system controlled by computed tomography.

The three-dimensional data obtained by computed tomographic (CT) scanning offer an advantage in using this imaging technique for stereotactic surgical procedures. This requires interfacing of CT image data with a stereotactic guide. In the performance of functional procedures where the surgical target must be identified from brain landmarks, such as the anterior and posterior commissures, an image reconstruction technique that presents in an image high spatial resolution structural information must be used. The description of a fully hardware- and software-interfaced CT-directed stereotactic surgical system is presented. The logic of operation and examples of images reconstructed with a high spatial resolution algorithm are illustrated. The experimentally determined measurement of an electrode tip localization with this system is within 1 pixel or +/- 0.5 mm in any direction.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1980

Membrane stain in chronic subdural hematoma: a rare angiographic sign. A case report.

Chronic subdural hematoma is diagnosed angiographically by the presence of an avascular zone as a result of medial displacement of the cerebral surface vessels from the inner table. A rare angiographic sign, membrane stain, is reported in a case of chronic subdural hematoma. The stain is presumed to represent the vascular membrane of the chronic subdural hematoma.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1980

A fully interfaced computerized tomographic-stereotactic surgical system.

A fully interfaced computerized tomographic system has been designed and constructed. A prototype Philips Medical Systems Inc. translate-rotate body scanner has been modified to accommodate a specially designed head holder and stereotactic guide. A high resolution partial scanning algorithm is used to achieve improved spatial resolution in comparison to conventional algorithms. Integration of scanning data with the geometry of the guide system is achieved with software control.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

Dense intracranial epidermoid tumors. Computed tomographic observations.

Three extra-axial posterior fossa epidermoid tumors manifested nearly identical CT appearance of large size, sharp margination, apparently homogeneously increased attenuation in the range of 80-120 Hounsfield units, and absence of contrast-agent enhancement. This constellation of findings is distinctly different from that reported previously, and appears to be characteristic for some epidermoid tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Neuroradiology of basal anterior fossa (transethmoidal) encephaloceles.

Encephaloceles of the basal anterior fossa, though primarily congenital in origin, may be insidious in presentation and remain undetected until adulthood. Conventional plain films and hypocycloidal tomograms show a basal osseous defect with its margins bevelled toward the nasopharynx. Magnification angiography is the diagnostic study of choice and reveals herniation of the anterior inferior frontal artery through the osseous defect. Pneumoencephalography, the classical technique of investigation, was found to be unrewarding in demonstrating the herniated sac or in determining the presence or absence of brain tissue within the sac; however, it is of value in demonstrating a ventricular communication with the encephalocele and evaluating ventricular dilatation.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An unusual CT presentation of cerebral toxoplasmosis.

Intracranial opportunistic infections have been widely reported in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report an unusual presentation of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a patient with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic findings in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Report of two cases.

Cytologic preparations from two cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) were obtained by stereotactically guided needle biopsies using computerized tomograms of the brain. Case 1 was a 32-year-old man with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. Case 2 was a 71-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Smears showed moderate cellularity, consisting of moderately to markedly atypical cells with enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei. The chromatin pattern showed smudging, with or without clumping, similar in pattern to the human polyomavirus-infected "decoy" cells seen in urine cytology. Nuclei were predominantly round to oval, smoothly contoured and often stripped of cytoplasm. Occasional bizarre lobulated or multinucleated forms were seen. Some atypical cells had abundant cytoplasm exhibiting stellate projections. Histologic sections of the biopsy material confirmed the diagnosis in each case. In both cases, electron microscopy demonstrated intranuclear polyoma-type virus particles. The present findings suggest that PML should be considered in the differential diagnosis of marked cytologic atypia in brain aspirates from immunocompromised patients.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional neuroanatomic images in CT-guided stereotaxic neurosurgery.

A technique is described for three-dimensional reconstruction of human diencephalic structures based on information contained in a widely used stereotaxic brain atlas. Various methods of graphically representing the obtained diencephalic volumes are discussed and examples are given. The anatomic information contained in the computerized atlas can be implemented with computed tomography performed under stereotaxic conditions. Volume data provided by the tomograms are used for three-dimensional "stretching" of the volumes presented in the atlas. Improved accuracy in identifying "invisible" diencephalic targets in functional stereotaxic neurosurgery is expected to result from this new technique.

Brain↗