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Biomedical subjects

M Koono

Publications and source records attributed to M Koono.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Prognostic significance of alpha-1-antitrypsin in early stage of colorectal carcinomas.

We have previously shown that human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, RCM-1 and CoCM-1, synthesize alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) in culture. We have studied immunohistochemically the incidence of alpha 1-AT on histologic sections from paraffin-embedded tissues of surgically resected colorectal carcinomas and their metastatic foci, polypectomized adenomas, and normal mucosae. alpha 1-AT was detected in 89 (61%) of 145 carcinomas (including 14 carcinomas in adenoma), and 12 (39%) of 31 adenomas. But only 2 (4%) of 55 normal colorectal mucosae were positive for alpha 1-AT. In metastatic tumor cells of colorectal carcinomas in lymph nodes and other organs, alpha 1-AT positivity was 60% and 82%, respectively. The incidence of alpha 1-AT was markedly higher in advanced adenocarcinomas than in early ones and more frequent in adenocarcinomas of right side (including transverse colon) than those of left side and rectum, regardless of their histological malignancy grades. In mucinous carcinomas the frequency was greater (8 of 9 cases) than in conventional adenocarcinomas. Clinical follow-up of the patients with colorectal carcinomas suggested that alpha 1-AT positivity in Dukes' stage A/B tends to correlate with unfavorable prognosis irrespective of the grade of histologic differentiation of carcinoma, but there is no significant relation in Dukes' stage C/D. Our findings suggest that alpha 1-AT in colorectal carcinoma is related to the invasive and metastatic capacity. It may thus serve as a biologic marker for prognosis of colorectal carcinomas at relatively early stages (Dukes' stage A/B).

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Truncus solitarius pulmonalis.

The case of a female neonate with truncus solitarius pulmonalis (TSP), a rare congenital heart anomaly, is reported. She died four days after birth. A single right ventricle with common atrioventricular (AV) valve was associated with (Collet & Edwards type II) truncus arteriosus communis, and appeared to have a single coronary artery with an abnormally high take-off near the origin of the right subclavian artery. However, the vessel that appeared to be the single coronary artery was in fact an extremely hypoplastic ascending aorta associated with aortic atresia and agenesis of the left ventricle and mitral valve.

Coronary Vessel Anomalies↗
PubMed1990

[Renal failure associated with polyarteritis nodosa].

We reported 5 patients with renal failure associated with polyarteritis nodosa (PN). In all patients the renal dysfunction became apparent from 2 to 4 weeks after the onset of fever or neuromuscular symptoms with laboratory findings supporting marked inflammatory process and took the course of either acute or rapidly progressive renal failure. The clinical diagnoses on admission were variable; fever of unknown origin, peptic ulcer disease, polyneuritis multiplex, disseminated intravascular coagulation and Buerger's disease. Microscopic examination of the kidneys in 3 by renal biopsy and in 2 by autopsy revealed crescentic glomerulonephritis without immunoglobulin deposit, segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis, marked inflammatory infiltrate around the glomeruli, granulomatous lesion, tubular necrosis and cortical necrosis other than necrotizing vasculitis. The outcomes were favorable with prednisolone monotherapy in two patients who had biopsy-proven diagnosis and treatment early in the course. Of all PN the prevalence of renal involvement is considered to be about 70%, the prognosis of which has been considered very poor. However it seems possible to alter fatal outcome of this disease by starting treatment with confident histological proof early in the disease process.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

New human colorectal carcinoma cell lines that secrete proteinase inhibitors in vitro.

Two new human cell lines, RCM-1 and CoCM-1, have been established from primary colorectal adenocarcinomas. Both cell lines were unique in that the cultures secreted trypsin inhibitors in vitro. The activities of these inhibitors were accumulated in serum-free media of both cell lines over a period of several days. Two inhibitors (PI-1 and PI-2) were isolated from serum-free conditioned medium in which RCM-1 was grown by anion-exchange and gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography. PI-1 inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin strongly, and pancreatic elastase weakly. Its molecular weight was about 57 kilodaltons (Kd) as determined by gel filtration chromatography. It cross-reacted with the antiserum elicited against human alpha 1-antitrypsin in double immunodiffusion. PI-1 corresponding to alpha 1-antitrypsin was also demonstrated immunohistochemically in both cell lines. PI-2 inhibited trypsin strongly, and chymotrypsin, kallikrein and plasmin weakly. It had higher molecular weight (200-300 Kd) than that of PI-1, and did not cross-react with antisera against human alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and urinary trypsin inhibitor. RCM-1 and CoCM-1 are the first colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines that secrete functionally active trypsin inhibitors, including alpha 1-antitrypsin in vitro, and are useful for the study of tumor-cell derived proteinase inhibitors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Neutral proteinases and inhibitors secreted by human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line (RCM-1).

A human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line, RCM-1, secreted some neutral proteinases: metallo-, serine and cysteine proteinases; and trypsin inhibitors into the serum-free conditioned medium (SFCM) in vitro. They were separated by anion-exchange and gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography. SFCM from the cells of early passage numbers (20-24) contained native activities of serine proteinase and collagenolytic metalloproteinase. However, after several passages the native activities of them were diminished and latent form of metalloproteinase increased. In contrast to the native proteolytic activities, trypsin inhibitory activity was elevated in SFCM from the cells of passages 38-42. It inhibited the serine proteinase secreted by the same cells of early passage numbers. Furthermore, the serine proteinase was able to activate the latent form of metalloproteinase. Cooperative roles of these tumor-secreted proteinases and inhibitors may be important in tumor invasion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

High-molecular-weight neutral proteinase of rat ascites hepatoma cells and their collagenolytic activity.

A high-molecular-weight proteinase in rat ascites hepatoma AH109A cells was purified to apparent homogeneity by conventional chromatographic techniques. The purified proteinase degraded over the broad pH range, 7.0-9.0, not only denatured hemoglobin but also type I and IV collagen in the absence of calcium. Its activity was maximum at pH 8.0, heat-labile and affected by thiol reagents. Serine proteinase inhibitors such as diisopropyl fluorophosphate, soybean trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, and antipain also partially inhibited its activity. The enzyme was found mainly in the cytosol fraction, and had a molecular weight of 450 kilodaltons (Kd) as determined by gel filtration chromatography and showed a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing condition, although it was dissociated into lower-molecular-weight subunits, 25.5-32 Kd in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol. These properties suggested that it was a kind of a cytosolic high-molecular-weight proteinase. The collagenolytic activity of this proteinase may play an important role in cancer cell invasion and metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A new long-term in vitro invasion assay using fibrous connective tissue matrices maintaining architectural characteristics of connective tissue.

A long-term invasion assay using fibrous connective tissue matrices was developed. The matrices were prepared by treating murine skin or human dura mater with 25 mM ammonium hydroxide containing proteinase inhibitors at 4 degrees C for 7 days. They could be maintained almost indefinitely without the degeneration and necrosis. Electron micrographs of them revealed the preservation of native collagen fibers, and sequential enzyme digestion showed the presence of glycoprotein in the matrices. Local dissolution of extracellular matrix by cultured human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line, RCM-1, was observed morphologically and confirmed by a quantitative assay using radiolabeled matrices. The destruction of extracellular matrix occurred associated with membrane vesicle-shedding from the cells. Both the advantages and disadvantages of this assay were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Mass stranding of Odontoceti caused by parasitogenic eighth cranial neuropathy.

Hearing organs of the Odontoceti from two mass strandings in 1983 and 1986 were examined histopathologically. In the 1983 stranding, two of three pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) were necropsied and numerous Nasitrema sp. were found close to the eighth cranial nerve (nervus vistibulo cochlearis) in both animals. Patchy degeneration of the eighth cranial nerve in and out of the modiolus of the cochlea was observed. In the 1986 stranding, five of 125 false killer whales (Pseudorca crassiclens) were examined and numerous trematodes (Nasitrema gondo) were found in the tympanic cavities. Severe degeneration of the eighth cranial nerve was discovered and there were many trematode eggs in the nervous and surrounding tissues. Parasitogenic eighth neuropathy is proposed again as the cause of mass stranding of the Odontoceti.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Active calcium transport by porcine thyroid microsomes.

Microsomal fractions prepared from porcine thyroid glands by differential centrifugations and sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed an ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake. Electron microscopy and the study of marker enzyme activities suggested that the fractions consisted mainly of endoplasmic reticulum. The amount of transported Ca2+ increased four times in the presence of 20 mM oxalate owing to the precipitation of calcium oxalate, which was detected inside the microsomal vesicles by electron microscopy. Ca2+ was released rapidly when the calcium ionophore, A-23187, was added. The Ca2+ concentration for the half-maximal activation of Ca2+ transport was about 1 microM. These results indicate that Ca2+ is translocated into the lumen of microsomes against a concentration gradient in a manner of the active transport. The microsomes showed Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity and were phosphorylated by the reaction with [gamma-32P]ATP in a similar Ca2+ dependence to that of transport rate. A 105-kDa phosphoprotein was identified by dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was found to be sensitive to hydroxylamine. These properties of the phosphoprotein were the same as those of Ca2+ pump ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum of other cells. These results suggest that the cytosolic Ca2+ is maintained at low levels by the microsomal uptake of Ca2+ by the action of the ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump or active transport system.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Partial purification and characterization of serum protease from tumor-bearing rats which cleaves type IV collagen.

Activity of neutral protease was increased in sera of rats bearing ascites hepatoma AH109A compared to those of normal rats. The protease was isolated from serum protein and partially purified approximately 1,150 times in specific activity after sequential column chromatography of hemoglobin affinity, lysine-Sepharose, Ultrogel AcA34 and TSK-gel G2000SW in that order. The protease fraction still seemed to contain at least two kinds of proteases, serine and cysteine protease. It had a molecular weight of 18-21 kilodaltons with broad optimal pH range of 7.0-9.0, maximum at 8.0. Intradermal injection of the crude preparation of the neutral protease fraction induced extravascular emigration of circulating tumor cells in vivo. Moreover, partially purified protease degraded pepsin-treated chains of bovine glomerular type IV collagen in vitro, but such an in vitro action of the protease was inhibited by an addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor or mercuric chloride. It failed to cleave salt-extracted rat skin type I collagen under the same digestive conditions for bovine type IV collagen. The serum neutral proteases of tumor-bearing host may play some cooperative roles during extravascular emigration of tumor cells by destruction of vascular basement membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Enhanced migration of tumor cells in response to collagen degradation products and tumor cell collagenolytic activity.

The migration of ascites and cultured hepatoma cells, AH109A of rat (Donryu) origin and MH134 of mouse (C3H), was enhanced by collagen degradation products (CDP) in vitro using the modified Boyden chamber, but not by collagen. Both tumor cells demonstrated somewhat increased motility in the presence of CDP regardless of whether or not there was a gradient present, but the maximum response was seen in the presence of a gradient. MH134 cells responded more effectively to CDP than AH109A cells and showed similar migratory responses to type I and IV collagen degradation products (CDP-I and -IV). Synthetic di- or tripeptides containing hydroxyproline were less chemotactic for MH134 cells than CDP-I and -IV. Both proteases (collagenase and trypsin) and MH134 cells could degrade a collagen substrate and generate CDP. These findings suggest that CDP released during the process of invasion may play a role in the migration of tumor cells and consequent formation of metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ascites with peritoneal myeloid metaplasia in a patient with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Peritoneal myeloid metaplasia associated with ascites containing numerous hemopoietic cells in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is described. It is suggested that massive infiltration of lymphoma cells into the bone marrow caused marrow failure and compensatory mechanisms supervened leading to myeloid metaplastic implants in the peritoneum associated with ascites as well as in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes. There was also a significant leuko-erythroblastic reaction in the peripheral blood.

Ascites↗
PubMed1984

[Undifferentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung associated with sarcoidosis--differential diagnosis].

A 51-year-old male with undifferentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung associated with sarcoidosis is reported. Scalenus node biopsy and open thoracotomy revealed sarcoid granuloma. High levels of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and ocular findings also suggested sarcoidosis. No malignant cells were recognized by repeat lymph node biopsy. However, post-mortem examination showed bronchial carcinoma; no sarcoid granuloma was found. The diagnostically difficult points of our case are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗