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Biomedical subjects

M Kokubo

Publications and source records attributed to M Kokubo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Downhill esophageal varices due to superior vena cava syndrome].

This study examined the incidence of downhill esophageal varices due to SVC syndrome. The presence of downhill esophageal varices was examined by esophagoscopy or autopsy. Downhill esophageal varices were detected in two of nine (22%) patients with SVC syndrome. One case was a 66-year-old male case who and underwent upper lobectomy for lung cancer in September 1985. He developed SVC syndrome due to recurrence in 1986 and died in 1987. Downhill esophageal varices wer in the upper esophagus by esophagoscopy and confirmed by autopsy. The another case was a 61-year-old female who developed carcinoma of the tongue in 1986 and lymph node metastasis to the mediastinum in 1987. Autopsy revealed downhill esophageal varices in the upper and middle esophagus. Eleven cases of downhill esophageal varices due to SVC syndrome reported in Japan were reviewed and discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[A case of intrathoracic perineurial cyst].

A 67-year-old man was referred to our surgical clinic for evaluation of an abnormal shadow on the chest X-ray examination. CT scan and MRI revealed a tumor in the posterior mediastinum and destruction of the pedicle and intraspinal invagination by the tumor. The tumor in a paravertebral area are linked with a vertebral canal through a destructed intervertebral foramen. MRI showed that the tumor was a cyst which contained fluid. On thoracotomy a hen's egg sized cyst was found in the posterior mediastinum, the cyst was excised. Pathological diagnosis was a perineurial cyst. This case was clearly differentiated from an intrathoracic meningocele and a neurilemmoma microscopically. This case is the first intrathoracic perineurial cyst in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[A case of ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the aortic arch associated with hemoptysis and hoarseness].

We experienced a case of the ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the aortic arch. Patient complained left anterior chest pain, back pain and hoarseness. Considering the past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, emergency operation was performed median sternotomy approach and using aortic occlusion balloon catheter method and selective cerebral perfusion. Woven dacron graft was anastomosis intraluminal aneurysm. Postoperative course was good. Median sternotomy approach and AOBC method were better than intercostal approach method, because of a little bleeding, short operative time and method.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[A case of perianeurysmal fibrosis treated by the thrombo-exclusion technique].

A very rare case of perianeurysmal fibrosis was presented. A 65-year old man was admitted with the complaint of abdominal pulsatile mass and intermittent claudication of right lower limb. Aortography revealed fusiform, calcified aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta and severe stenosis of right common iliac artery. CT scan demonstrated a soft tissue density structure around the aortic aneurysm which was enhanced after contrast medium injection. At surgery, the aneurysm had a thick, firm, smooth wall which was shiny white in appearance and adherent perianeurysmal fibrosis was marked. In order to avoid injury to surrounding tissue such as the duodenum or vena cava, thrombo-exclusion method was chosen. Histological examination of the aneurysmal wall showed fibrous tissue infiltrated with mononuclear cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells. The postcontrast enhancement of aortic wall and perianeurysmal sheet disappeared on CT on the post-operative 57th day and no recurrence has been observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Serological and immunohistochemical studies in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus].

The present report is a detailed, prospective analysis of 29 pregnancies in 19 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The clinical pregnant status was correlated with maternal serologic patterns. Poor obstetrical prognosis was associated with low or declining complement (C3 and C4) levels and rising antinuclear and anti-DNA antibody titers. Complement levels reflected clinical changes more accurately than either antinuclear factor. A smooth antepartum course and successful delivery occurred when complement values remained normal. Immunohistochemical studies showed granular or linear depositions of immunoglobulin and complement on syncytial trophoblast and stromal tissue in placenta with SLE. Slight deposits of IgG were observed on the stromal tissue in normal placenta. Immune complex deposition on the trophoblast correlated to both serologic evaluation and course of SLE pregnancy. Obstetrical prognosis can be evaluated by serial determinations of serologic status. These data suggest that declining levels of maternal complements in SLE may be partly due to immune complex deposition in the placenta, resulting in the increased placental dysfunction.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1988

Prolonged ventilation of the premature newborn rabbit after treatment with natural or apoprotein-based artificial surfactant.

Premature rabbit neonates (gestational age 27 days) were treated at birth with natural surfactant purified from chloroform extracts of porcine lung lipids either by acetone precipitation (Surfactant CK, n = 10) or liquid gel chromatography (Curosurf, n = 22). Another group of animals received artificial surfactant "reconstituted" from isolated low molecular weight (less than or equal to 15 K) apoproteins and synthetic dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) (Aposurf, n = 10). The phospholipid concentrations of the preparations were adjusted to provide the same individual dose of DPPC for each group of treated animals (3 or 4 mg). In comparison with untreated controls from the same litters, there was a 4-7-fold enhancement of lung-thorax compliance in all groups of surfactant-treated animals during a 3-h period of artificial ventilation. The average initial (20 min) compliance value was lower in the Aposurf-treated group than in animals receiving natural surfactant preparations, but the difference between the groups gradually diminished and was no longer statistically significant during the 2nd and 3rd h of artificial ventilation. Judged from the fall in tidal volume during ventilation with a short expiration phase (0.17 instead of 0.75 s), the apoprotein-based artificial surfactant was also less effective in stabilizing the lungs. A similar conclusion could be drawn from data on alveolar expansion in histological sections, evaluated by automated image analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMed1988

[Influence of flow disturbance on an anastomotic intimal hyperplasia: experimental and clinical study].

Experimental and clinical studies were made of the localization and morphology of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia (AIH) at the end-to-side anastomosis in relation to flow disturbances. In vitro experimental findings showed that boundary layer separation (BLS) became prominent as proximal outflow segment (POS) flow increased. An aorto-right iliac bypass was performed on 30 dogs using 22 Biografts, 3 EPTFES and 5 Dacron grafts. Distal end-to-side anastomoses were made at 3 different angles, i.e., 30 degrees (Group I), 90 degrees (Group II) and 150 degrees (Group III). BLS was likely to occur at the toe in Group I because POS flow exceeded 50%, while not in Group III. Up to 35 months observation, AIH was noted to develop at the toe 36% in Group I, 25% in Group II but in none in Group III. Thirty five reconstructions using Biograft in which angiography was performed later than 6 months postoperatively were chosen for clinical study. Invariably in all cases of AIH occurring following a femoropopliteal bypass, severe stenosis was noted to occur at the toe and heel of the distal end-to-side anastomosis. In conclusion, a disproportionate increase in POS flow was considered a likely cause of marked BLS and, consequently, an important precipitating cause of AIH. When POS flow exceeds 50%, a distal anastomosis dividing flow distribution should be considered as a salvage operation of potential usefulness.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

[A case of aorto-enteric fistula after reconstruction of an abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with Behçet's disease and special reference to 95 reported cases in Japan].

A 45-year-old male with incomplete type of Behçet's disease was operated on because of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The post-operative course was uneventful. On twenty-one months after discharge, the patient noticed left leg pain and tarry stool, and was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography and angiography showed aorto-enteric fistula at the proximal aortic anastomotic site. Aortic reconstruction was performed, but the patient died on 36th post-operative day. We analysed the reports of 95 cases of aneurysm associated with vasculo-Behçet's disease in Japan. This series comprised 82 men, 9 women and 4 unknowns. The cases were classified to four groups, which were incomplete type (48 cases), complete type (27 cases), suspected type (12 cases) and unknown (8 cases). They had 46 aortic aneurysms and 108 peripheral aneurysms. Operation was performed on 29 aortic aneurysms and 73 peripheral aneurysms. Eleven aortic aneurysms and twelve peripheral aneurysms had anastomotic complication post-operatively. Four cases after reconstruction of abdominal aortic aneurysm was complicated with aorto-enteric fistula. They were all dead post-operatively. Vasculo-Behçet's disease with aortic aneurysm is comparatively a rare entity and morbidity and mortality is high because of its etiological characteristics.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1987

Effect of several d-morphinans on ascites tumors in mice.

Dextromethorphan and its analogues (DM 16, DM 34, DM 72, DM 75 and DM 96) were examined for their effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma or ascites sarcoma-180 in female mice of the ddY strain. The suspension of Ehrlich carcinoma cells or sarcoma-180 cells was prepared from mice at 10 days after i.p. inoculation of the cells, using Hanks' balanced salt solution, and the cell suspension was inoculated i.p. into mice (2 X 10(6) viable cells/mouse). The chemicals dissolved in physiological saline containing 5% HCO-60 were then injected i.p. into the mice once daily for 5 successive days (5-40 mg/kg/day). In addition, mice given the tumor cells were treated with the saline containing 5% HCO-60 alone for 5 days (untreated mice). In groups of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma or ascites sarcoma-180, the mean survival time of mice treated with 20-40 mg/kg/day of DM 96 was more than twice that of the corresponding untreated mice. The mean survival time of mice treated with 20 mg/kg/day of DM 96 was also longer than that of mice treated with 40 mg/kg/day of the other chemicals, irrespective of the ascites tumors. Concerning these survival times, the LD50 (i.p.) of DM 96 in mice differed slightly from that of other chemicals (88 mg/kg and 77-106 mg/kg). These results indicate that DM 96 is more active than the other chemicals against the ascites tumors in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical localization of ornithine aminotransferase in normal rat tissues by Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugates.

Immunohistochemical localization of ornithine aminotransferase (L-ornithine: 2-oxo-acid aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.13), a mitochondrial enzyme whose hereditary absence induces gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina, was elucidated by a direct immunoperoxidase method using Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugates. In immunodiffusion studies, the antibodies raised with the re-crystallized enzyme were highly specific to ornithine aminotransferase. To show localization of ornithine aminotransferase in normal rat tissues, clear immunohistochemical staining of this enzyme through the inner mitochondrial membrane in paraffin sections was achieved with Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugates. Strong immunoreactivity was present in cerebral neurons, hepatocytes, and epithelial cells of renal tubuli, gut mucous membranes, and ocular tissues. Specific distribution of ornithine aminotransferase was found in ependymal cell groups: namely, epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, pigmented and nonpigmented epithelial cells of the ciliary body. and Müller cells and pigment epithelium of the retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Separation of hemolytic substances from anticancer preparations of hemolytic streptococci.

Preparations 60F and 50F isolated from the cell-free extract of anticancer hemolytic streptococci possessed not only anticancer activity but hemolytic activity. Thus, the experiment to separate hemolytic substances from 60F and 50F were carried out. Three kinds of fractions were obtained from 60F or 50F by dissolving them in ammonium sulfate solutions of various concentrations. These fractions were named 60F-I, 60F-II and 60F-III, and 50F-I, 50F-II and 50F-III, respectively. 60F-I and 50F-I possessed neither anticancer activity nor hemolytic activity. 60F-II and 50F-II possessed only anticancer activity, and 60F-III and 50F-III possessed only hemolytic activity. Thus, hemolytic substances were separated from 60F and 50F, and it was demonstrated that the anticancer activity of hemolytic streptococci was not due to their hemolysins or hemolytic activity.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1984

Effects of surfactant supplement and end-expiratory pressure in lung-lavaged rabbits.

By using adult rabbits in which the lung surfactant had been reduced by repeated whole-lung lavage, we examined the effects of surfactant supplement and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The rabbits were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and mechanically ventilated with pure O2. Surfactant that was extracted from pigs' lungs was supplemented to the rabbits through the trachea. The PEEP was set at 4 cmH2O. The seven rabbits that were ventilated without the supplement and without the PEEP all died of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and reduction of lung compliance within 2 h. The 18 rabbits that were ventilated with either the supplement or the PEEP showed some elevations of arterial O2 tension, but 9 of them died within 4 h. After application of both the surfactant supplement and the PEEP, six out of the eight rabbits survived for more than 11 h with nearly normal values of blood gases and compliance. We concluded that the combination of the transtracheal surfactant supplement and ventilation with PEEP has favorable therapeutic effects on surfactant deficiency.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗