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M Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to M Kojima.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Two cases of adrenal myelolipoma diagnosed by ultrasonically guided percutaneous biopsy].

We report 2 cases of adrenal myelolipoma which were diagnosed definitively by ultrasonically guided percutaneous biopsy to waive surgery. In case 1, a 39-year-old man presented with abdominal pain. A right adrenal mass was detected by abdominal ultrasonography. In case 2, a 64-year-old man presented with nocturia. A space-occupying lesion above the left kidney was detected by excretory pyelography. Both cases were suspected of adrenal myelolipoma by ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tumor size was 4 x 4 x 3 cm and 5 x 4.5 x 4 cm in cases land 2, respectively. In both cases percutaneous needle biopsy using ultrasonically guided puncture was performed. Histology showed a complex of hematopoietic and adipose tissues, corresponding to adrenal myelolipoma. The course has been uneventful without surgery for 58 months and 24 months, respectively. Percutaneous adrenal biopsy was useful to establish the definitive diagnosis and to select treatment options.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

[Three cases of colorectal cancer with lung metastasis successfully treated with combination chemotherapy using 5'-DFUR and MMC].

Three patients with colorectal cancer and pulmonary metastasis who had previously undergone surgical treatment, were treated by combination chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU regimen, but the growth of the metastatic tumor could not be controlled finally. Thus, a new strategy of combination chemotherapy using 5'-DFUR and MMC were investigated in these cases, and resulted in suppressing the tumor growth successfully without admission. The procedure for treating pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer has not been established clearly. This new regimen may play an important role from the standpoint of not only its effectiveness against tumor growth but also the quality of life of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Bleeding from the alimentary tract--acute hemorrhage from gastrointestinal tumors].

The sources of bleeding from the alimentary tract varies significantly. In this article we describe clinical aspects of gastrointestinal tumors that cause gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Emergency operation for bleeding was decreased because of the advances in endoscopic treatment. However tumors with bleeding had the risk of rebleeding. When the diagnosis of tumor was established, resection was immediately recommended. Emergency operation was associated with a higher mortality rate than elective surgery. It was better to get histological diagnosis before surgery even in emergency operation. Local resection was chosen for the treatment of benign tumors and complete resection and lymph node dissection were chosen for most malignant tumors. It is important to build up a closer connection with endoscopists, surgeons and pathologists.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[A survey of malignant gliomas accompanied with visceral malignancies].

From January 1984 to December 1997, a total of six patients with malignant gliomas accompanied with visceral malignancies were treated in our department. We reviewed their radiological findings and clinical course. They consisted of four patients with glioblastoma and two patients with anaplastic astrocytoma. Classified according to visceral malignancies, three cases had colon cancer and the rest consisted of thyroid, uterus and prostate cancers. In radiological examinations of the brain (CT scans and MR images), these gliomas were relatively well-circumscribed, as if they were metastatic brain tumors. Of all these six cases, two cases survived more than five years and there were two cases in which there was recurrence within a year. Particularly, in four cases, whose gliomas developed after the treatment for visceral malignancies, two cases survived long-term (more than five years) and there was recurrence in only one case. We speculated that visceral malignancies could affect the nature of glioma progression. Thinking about its mechanisms, we hypothesized as follows; (1) visceral malignancies may activate non-specific, or common antitumor, immunity. (2) visceral malignancies may produce some factors which could affect the biological nature of gliomas. (3) glioma accompanied with visceral malignancy may have genetic uniqueness. Although the cases were limited in number, the present study may be helpful in designing the treatment for such cases and in elucidating the invasive nature of gliomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Impaired erythropoiesis in transgenic mice overexpressing a truncated erythropoietin receptor.

Erythropoietin (EPO), one of the pivotal regulators of erythrocyte production, transmits signals through the EPO receptor (EPOR). We have previously reported that human bone marrow (BM) cells express two dominant forms of the EPOR, one full-length and one truncated (EPOR-F and EPOR-T). Experiments with a cell line have shown that the EPOR-T acts as a dominant-negative regulator of EPOR-F-mediated signals. Its role in erythropoiesis in vivo, however, has yet to be clarified. Here we show the presence in mouse BM of a truncated form of the EPOR that is essentially the same as EPOR-T in humans. To investigate its role in vivo, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing mouse EPOR-T (EPOR-T-Tg mice). As a result, two independent EPOR-T-Tg lines were established. One line revealed mild anemia, but another line did not. When anemia was induced experimentally in these mice, however, both lines showed apparently poor recovery resulting in higher mortality than wild-type control mice. The impaired erythropoiesis found in these mice thus strongly suggests the EPOR-T's role as a negative regulator of erythropoiesis in vivo.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1998

Newly developed diabetic retinopathy and its preceding changes in biological markers.

To disclose the chronological changes prior to the manifestation of diabetic retinopathy (DR), we analyzed the time course of biological markers among apparently healthy diabetic subjects in a case-control study of 21,579 adults who had undergone comprehensive health examinations for > or = 10 years. We identified 54 cases who had newly developed DR, and selected 108 adults without fundus abnormalities, matching them for sex, age, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at the onset of the patient group's retinopathy as a referent group from the same population. In a multivariate analysis, a high average FPG (> 175 mg/dl) and a final-year FPG reduction (< -3%) were significantly associated with a 5.4 (95% CI, 1.8-15.7)- and 5.0 (95% CI, 1.0-24.7)-fold increased risk of DR, respectively. Thus, we surmised that sustained hyperglycemia and a subsequent drop in FPG might promote retinopathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1997

Expression of multiple alpha1-antitrypsin-like genes in hibernating species of the squirrel family.

In the chipmunk, a mammalian hibernator, a 140 kDa protein complex found in the blood, drastically decreases in concentration during hibernation. This complex contains four species of proteins, HP-20, -25, -27 and -55. In the present study, cDNA clones coding for the chipmunk HP-55 were isolated from a liver cDNA library. Sequence analysis revealed that HP-55 is produced as a precursor protein of 413 amino acids (aa), that it has a signal peptide of 24 aa, and that it contains four potential N-glycosylation sites. The deduced aa sequence shows 63% identity with that of rat alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT); however, the sequence corresponding to the reactive center P1-P1' residues was found to be Met-Leu, whereas it is Met-Ser in the rat alpha1-AT. During screening of the chipmunk liver cDNA library, four other related classes of cDNA clones were obtained, each also coding for an alpha1-AT-like protein. In spite of more than 86% overall aa sequence identity among the five chipmunk alpha1-AT-like proteins, they are highly divergent in the putative reactive center region; the putative P1-P1' sequences are Met-Leu (HP-55 or CM55-ML), Met-Met (CM55-MM), Met-Ser (CM55-MS), Ser-Ile (CM55-SI) and Ser-Thr (CM55-ST). Each of the alpha1-AT-like protein mRNAs was expressed in chipmunk liver, and the HP-55 mRNA level was greatly reduced during hibernation. Genomic Southern blot analysis and screening of a liver cDNA library from another hibernating squirrel species, the ground squirrel, also revealed expression of multiple members of the alpha1-AT gene family, whereas analysis of a cDNA library from a non-hibernating species, the tree squirrel, found only a single alpha1-AT gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Immunological abnormalities in splenic marginal zone cell lymphoma.

The clinical features of patients with splenic marginal zone cell lymphoma (SMZCL) have rarely been reported. In the present study, immunological abnormalities, particularly hematological abnormalities, observed in SMZCL were described. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and appearance of lupus anticoagulant were observed in 2 of 3 patients with SMZCL. Other abnormal data including monoclonal gammopathy and cold agglutinin were also observed in 2 of the 3 patients. Immunological abnormalities may be characteristic complications in patients with SMZCL and must be followed carefully, since they may be a reliable marker of this type of lymphoma activity.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

More sensitive immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for antibody IgG to p17 of HIV-1 with shorter incubation time for immunoreactions and larger volumes of serum samples.

In the previous immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for antibody IgG to p17 of HIV-1, the immune complex comprising 2,4-dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin-recombinant p17 conjugate, anti-p17 IgG, and recombinant p17-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate was trapped onto polystyrene beads coated with (anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl group) IgG by overnight incubation and was transferred to polystyrene beads coated with (antithuman IgG gamma-chain) IgG by 3 hr incubation in the presence of excess of epsilon N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine. These processes were made efficient by incubation with shaking and by using solid phases with larger surface areas. In addition, the volume of serum samples used was increased from 10 microliters to 100 microliters. As a result, the sensitivity was improved 20-30-fold and was approximately 100,000-fold higher than that of Western blotting for p17 band, even when both trapping and transferring of the immune complex were performed for only 30 min. Furthermore, testing many samples became easily possible with higher sensitivity using microplates and a fluororeader.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1997

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and viral load in hepatitis C virus infection.

A cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleoprotein residues 88-96 that are the minimal and optimal epitope for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B44-restricted CTLs was assessed in 27 HLA B44-positive patients with chronic HCV infection. Serum HCV RNA concentration and the amino acid sequence of the residues 81-100 were also determined. Three patients were infected with HCV with uncommon amino acid substitutions within the epitope. One was infected with HCV with an amino acid substitution in the flanking residues of the epitope. To stimulate CTLs in the peripheral blood, 9-mer peptides that corresponded to the residues 88-96 of the individual patients were synthesized and used. Seven of the 27 patients demonstrated a CTL response to the residues 88-96 with specific cytotoxic activities higher than 20%. The CTL activities were significantly higher in patients with a low titer of serum HCV RNA than in those with a high titer of serum HCV RNA (P = .0006). Some of the patients that demonstrated a CTL response to the residues 88-96 also demonstrated a CTL response to a newly identified HLA B44-restricted CTL epitope or a known HLA A11-restricted CTL epitope or both. No apparent association was observed between the CTL response and the stage of disease, or between the CTL response and the grade of necroinflammatory activity. The results suggest that the HLA B44-restricted CTLs together with other HCV-specific CTLs may inhibit the outgrowth of HCV and that high-titer infection with HCV may suppress the CTL responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Ki-ras point mutation in different types of colorectal carcinomas in early stages.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to elucidate pathways of carcinogenesis in the colon and rectum by investigating Ki-ras point mutation in different types of colorectal carcinomas in the early stage. METHODS: We analyzed rates of Ki-ras codon 12 mutations in 34 small, polypoid-type carcinomas (Tis or T1), 21 superficial-type carcinomas (Tis or T1), and 42 advanced carcinomas (T2, T3, and T4). RESULTS: Frequency of Ki-ras mutations in superficial-type carcinomas was 14.3 percent (3/21), which was significantly lower than 50 percent (17/34) in small polypoid carcinomas and 40.5 percent (17/42) in advanced carcinomas. These data suggest that another pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis that does not involve Ki-ras point mutation might exist. Among the 17 small polypoid carcinomas with Ki-ras point mutation in which both adenomatous and carcinomatous tissue were examined, 12 showed a mutation of the same type in both carcinomatous and adenomatous tissues. In two cases, mutation was present only in carcinomatous tissue and not in adenomatous tissue; in the other three cases, Ki-ras point mutation was present only in adenomatous tissue but not in carcinomatous tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that carcinoma in a small polypoid lesion does not always develop from pre-existing adenoma with Ki-ras point mutation; in a small number of the polypoid-type early carcinomas, polyclonal composition concerning the Ki-ras gene may exist.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Experimentally induced steroid cataract in the rat: a scanning electron microscopic study.

To clarify the histopathological changes of experimentally induced steroid cataract in Brown-Norway rat eyes, a scanning electron microscopic study was performed. The biomicroscopic appearance of the cataracts, which was quite similar to that of human eyes, was induced by daily application, either topically or systemically, of prednisolone acetate for 12 months. A single dose of 2 Gy X ray was given to the right eyes of all the animals 2 weeks before drug administration. Twenty-seven rats were divided into three groups: a control group (CTL), a group receiving topically administered prednisolone (TOP), and a group receiving systemically administered prednisolone (SYS). In vivo observation was performed through a slit-lamp microscope, and the lens findings were documented and objectively analyzed by an anterior eye segment analysis system over a period of 12 months. At the end of the 12-month period, X-ray-irradiated right eyes in the CTL group showed some minor lens changes on biomicroscopy, and non-X-ray-irradiated left eyes were almost normal. In the TOP and SYS groups, either with or without X-ray irradiation, lenses showed anterior and posterior subcapsular opacification; however, the grade and increase of lens opacification were higher and faster in the eyes with X-ray irradiation. Scanning electron microscopic findings of the three groups at the 12th month were as follows. In the CTL group, the X-ray-irradiated right eyes showed minor changes. In the TOP group, the X-ray-irradiated right eyes showed marked damage in the lens fibers of the anterior and posterior cortices, while the nonirradiated left eyes showed minor changes. In the SYS group, the X-ray-irradiated right eyes showed prominent cataractous disorganization of lens fibers in the shallow anterior and posterior cortices, and the non-X-ray-irradiated lenses were almost the same as those in the TOP group. These findings might suggest that even a minimum invasion of a low dose of X-ray irradiation plays a cocataractogenic or syncataractogenic role during the formation of steroid cataracts.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1997

Acute toxicity, accumulation and excretion of organophosphorous insecticides and their oxidation products in killifish.

Acute toxicity, accumulation and excretion of four organophosphorous insecticides (diazinon, malathion, fenitrothion and EPN) and their oxidation products (diazinon oxon, malaoxon, fenitrothion oxon and EPN oxon) were studied for killifish (Oryzias latipes). The 48-hr LC50 was 4.4 mg l-1 for diazinon, 1.8 mg l-1 for malathion, 3.5 mg l-1 for fenitrothion, 0.58 mg l-1 for EPN, 0.22 mg l-1 for diazinon oxon, 0.28 mg l-1 for malaoxon, 6.8 mg l-1 for fenitrothion oxon, and 0.16 mg l-1 for EPN oxon. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) of diazinon oxon 0.5, malaoxon 1.1, fenitrothion oxon 2.3 and EPN oxon 11 in the whole body of the fish were much lower than those of diazinon 49, malathion 11, fenitrothion 122 and EPN 1124. As reference data, partition coefficients between n-octanol and water (Pow) were measured for these chemicals. The BCF values of each pesticide and its oxidation product were consistent with the Pow values. The excretion rate constants (k) from the whole body of the fish were 0.12 hr-1 for diazinon, 0.27 hr-1 for malathion, 0.11 hr-1 for fenitrothion, 0.02 hr-1 for EPN, 0.30 hr-1 for fenitrothion oxon and 0.59 hr-1 for EPN oxon. The rates of diazinon oxon and malaoxon could not be measured, but were presumed to be as rapid as or more rapid than those of fenitrothion oxon and EPN oxon. The results suggest that the contamination of fish and other aquatic organisms by the oxidation products in the environment is very low.

1-Octanol↗
PubMed1997

Correlation of presumed circle area ratio with infravesical obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the predictive value of ultrasonic measurements obtained by transrectal ultrasonography for infravesical obstruction as evaluated by pressure flow studies. METHODS: In 85 men with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms, ultrasonic measurements including prostatic volume, transition zone volume, transition zone index (transition zone volume/prostatic volume), and presumed circle area ratio (PCAR) were compared with urodynamic parameters obtained by pressure flow studies. RESULTS: There were significant interrelationships between these ultrasonic measurements, which were all significantly greater in the obstructed patients than in the unobstructed patients. A simple regression analysis demonstrated that prostatic volume (r = 0.362, P < 0.001), transition zone volume (r = 0.373, P < 0.0005), transition zone index (r = 0.331, P < 0.005), and PCAR (r = 0.487, P < 0.0001) correlated significantly with the Abrams-Griffiths number. More importantly, a multiple regression analysis demonstrated PCAR to be the only independent determinant of the Abrams-Griffiths number. A receiver operator characteristics curve analysis showed that 0.8 was the most suitable cutoff value of PCAR for the prediction of infravesical obstruction with a diagnostic accuracy of 76.5%. CONCLUSIONS: PCAR is useful as a transrectal ultrasonic measurement in assessing the severity of infravesical obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Preliminary results of power Doppler imaging in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Power Doppler imaging was performed in 77 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms to characterize Doppler blood-flow signals in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Pulsatile blood flows were detected in all patients, demonstrating a significant increase of the resistive index (RI) in BPH cases (n = 40, 0.72 +/- 0.05, p < 0.0001), compared to those with a healthy prostate (n = 37, 0.64 +/- 0.04). Of 40 patients with BPH, 28 (70%) had an RI of 0.70 or higher; all but 1 patient with a healthy prostate (1 of 37, 3%) had an RI lower than 0.70 (p < 0.0001). In all 10 patients with BPH, the elevated RI decreased significantly to a normal control level after surgical treatment (0.72 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.05, p < 0.001). In conclusion, Doppler RI might be useful as a new urodynamic parameter in BPH.

Aged↗