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Biomedical subjects

M Koike

Publications and source records attributed to M Koike.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Malignant lymphomas in Japanese AIDS patients.

Seven non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (MLs) were found in 25 Japanese AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) patients who died at two hospitals in Tokyo. All of these MLs originated from extranodal organs including the brain (three cases), skin (two cases) liver and adrenal gland. B cell markers were demonstrated in all of them. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (EBVCA) was demonstrated in 5/7, nuclear antigen (EBNA) in 2/2, the W fragment of EBV DNA by in situ hybridization in 5/7 and the same fragment by PCR in 6/7, indicating high association of these MLs with EBV. The adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), endemic in south-west Japan and known to have a high association with HTLV-I, was not found in this series. The incidence of ML among the present AIDS cases is higher than in any other autopsy reports from western countries, although statistical analysis did not show this to be significant in comparison to some of these reports at a level of p less than 0.05. In spite of apparent higher incidence, the histopathologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of AIDS-associated MLs in Japan are in accordance with those in western countries.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Combination therapy with transfer factor and high dose stronger neo-minophagen C in chronic hepatitis B in children (HBe Ag positive).

This study mainly describes the efficacy of the combination therapy with Transfer Factor (TF) and high dose Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (SNMC) for HBV carrier children with HBe Ag positive chronic hepatitis. There were 12 patients, 10 males and 2 females aged from 7 months to 14 years 8 months. Liver biopsy was done in 11 patients, and the histopathological findings of the liver were chronic active hepatitis (8 cases) and chronic inactive hepatitis (3 cases). In 6 of 8 patients, HBe-Ag became negative (75%) within 18 weeks (mean 8 weeks) after the initiation of the combination therapy with TF and SNMC (HBe-seronegative), and 4 of these 8 patients (50%) became anti-HBe positive within 29 weeks (mean 15 weeks) (HBe-seroconversion). These results suggest that combination therapy with TF and high dose SNMC may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Novel separation and amino acid sequences of alpha and beta subunits of pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase was separated from pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by gel-permeation chromatography on a TSK G4000SWG column in the presence of 4 M urea, followed by chromatography on a calcium phosphate gel-cellulose column. The pyruvate dehydrogenase was further separated into two nonidentical subunits, alpha and beta, by high-performance liquid chromatography on a Synchropak CM-300 column in the presence of 8 M urea. The complete amino acid sequences of two subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase were determined. The peptide fragments of S-carboxymethylated subunits were generated by treatment with endoproteinase Lys-C, endoproteinase Asp-N, trypsin, and cyanogen bromide. The subunits alpha and beta contain 361 amino acid residues (Mr 40,294) and 329 residues (Mr 35,787), respectively. The amino acid sequences of subunits alpha and beta in the pig were, respectively, 98 and 96% identical to those in humans. Hydropathy analysis and prediction of the secondary structure of two subunits suggest that the subunit alpha contains the thiamin pyrophosphate-binding domain and that the subunit beta contains segments with a high hydrophobicity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study of miconazole on deep-seated fungal infections].

An investigation was made on the efficacy and the safety of miconazole (MCZ) in the treatment of deep seated mycosis. The drug was administered through intravenous drip infusion at dose levels of 800 to 2,000 mg/day to 21 cases of confirmed mycosis for which causative organisms was identified and to 32 cases to which other antibiotics considered to be appropriate had been administered at febrile stages but had failed to take effect, hence mycoses were strongly suspected. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 84.3% (43/51). Treatments were "remarkably effective" in 6 cases, "effective" in 37, "not effective" in 8 and "indeterminable" in 2. The efficacy rates were 100% (21/21) in the confirmed mycosis cases and 73.3% (22/30) in the suspected mycosis cases. The mycological efficacies in the cases for which causative strains were identified were: disappeared in 14 (66.7%), decreased in 4 (19%), unchanged in 2 (9.5%) and unknown in 1 (4.8%), thus the overall disappearance ratio was 70% (14/20). Chest X-ray showed the disappearance of shadow in 1 patient and improvements in 14 of 23 patients examined. Adverse reactions were observed in 5 of the 53 cases (9.4%). From these results, MCZ may be considered as a highly useful drug not only in the treatment of deep mycosis but also in cases for which mycosis is strongly suspected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Gabexate mesilate induced remarkable transient reversal of thrombocytopenia in a ITP patient].

A 46-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of hemorrhagic tendency. Normal coagulation test results conflicted with the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Furthermore, we saw no evidence of autoantibodies, including antinuclear antibodies and splenomegaly, and there was no past history of infection or medication. Peripheral blood test showed marked decrease of platelets only. Bone marrow aspiration revealed increased megakaryocytes. Morphology of other blood components was normal. Thus, we diagnosed this case as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Administration of prednisolone and an immunosuppressants did not improve symptoms. So patient was temporarily discharged and treated with 6-MP at the outpatient department. She was rehospitalized for liver damage caused by the drug. Patient then developed sepsis from acinetobactor. We administered gabexate mesilate (FOY, 2,000 mg/day) for four days to prevent DIC. Platelet count, which was 1.5 X 10(4)/microliter before FOT administration, began increasing on the second day, reaching 25. 5 X 10(4)/microliter on the fourth. Count rapidly decreased to 2.8 X 10(4)/microliter on the seventh day after administration had been discontinued. Two-time FOY administration after patient's recovery from sepsis led to a definite, similar transient increase in platelet count. As ITP patients with transient increase in platelet count by FOY administration had not been reported, this case is thought to be an interesting case in the pathogenesis and treatment of ITP.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Errors in IOL power calculations for axial high myopia.

We studied 115 eyes with axial lengths of 27 mm or more after implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens in order to determine discrepancies between the predicted refractions and the actual postoperative refractions. We then reviewed the three major variables used to predict refractions in these eyes--corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and axial length measurements--in an attempt to determine whether any of these variables were correlated with the discrepancies. We found that the main reason for postoperative refractive error was inaccurate measurements of preoperative axial length.

Eye↗
PubMed1991

[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with myasthenia gravis].

A case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with myasthenia gravis (MG) is reported. A 56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on April 27, 1988, because of easy fatigue and double vision. She was diagnosed as having myasthenia gravis from her neurological and laboratory findings. On the 14th hospital day, she developed fever, jaundice, hematuria, purpura and consciousness disturbance. Hematological examination revealed marked anemia, thrombocytopenia, fragmented red blood cells, elevated bilirubin and LDH level. Coagulation studies were almost normal. She was diagnosed as having TTP and treated with corticosteroid, antiplatelet agents and plasma exchange. Clinical condition and laboratory findings improved by the 23rd hospital day. It has been reported that TTP is associated with various autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. However TTP associated with MG appears the first report. This case may suggest that one of pathogenesis of TTP is autoimmune mechanism.

Autoimmunity↗
PubMed1990

Characterization and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the human pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha-subunit.

Genomic clones encompassing the entire gene (PDH alpha) encoding the human pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha-subunit (PDH alpha) have been isolated by screening a leukocyte genomic library in the cloning vector, lambda EMBL4. The PDH alpha gene spans 17082 bp and is composed of eleven exons and ten introns. All intron/exon splice junctions follow the GT/AG rule. A total of seven Alu repeats were found in five introns. The entire nucleotide (nt) sequence of the PDH alpha gene has been determined and typical consensus promoter sequences in the 5'-flanking region were found. The results of primer extension analysis imply that the PDH alpha gene transcription start point (tsp) is a thymine residue 124 bp upstream from the ATG start codon in exon 1. The structural organization and the tsp were compared with the recent report [Maragos et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 12294-12298]. Analysis of the PDH alpha gene resolves existing discrepancies among four published sequences of PDH alpha cDNAs. A 93-bp sequence that was missing in our sequence of cultured foreskin fibroblast PDH alpha cDNA [Koike et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988) 41-45] was identified in the gene as exon 6.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Role of lysine residue at 7th position of wasp chemotactic peptides.

Most of chemotactic peptides isolated from various kinds of wasp venom have lysine residue at 7th (or 8th) position, but only a chemotactic peptide from Icaria sp. has no basic amino acid residues in the sequence. The relation of chemotaxis with other biochemical activities such as superoxide generation and lysosomal enzyme release from guinea pig neutrophils was studied by the use of substitution analogs of Icaria chemotactic peptide at 7th position. Findings revealed two distinct ways of chemoattractant signal transduction in neutrophils.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Parathyroid hormone-related protein in tumor tissues obtained from patients with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

We assessed the relationship between the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and the development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (i.e., hypercalcemia due to the production by solid tumors of hypercalcemic factors) by assaying tumor extracts from hypercalcemic and normocalcemic patients with cancer for immunoreactive PTHrP contents. Immunoreactive PTHrP was demonstrated in extracts of 21 of 22 tumor tissues obtained from 22 patients with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Immunoreactive PTHrP was rarely seen in tumor tissue extracts obtained from 34 normocalcemic patients with cancer and two hypercalcemic patients with cancer with severe bone metastases. Gel filtration studies of tumor extracts revealed a molecular-size heterogeneity of immunoreactive PTHrP. These radioimmunoassay data indicate a close relationship between detection of PTHrP in tumor tissues and the development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Dyskeratosis congenita (Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome). An autopsy case presenting with rectal carcinoma, non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

A 24-year-old Japanese man presented with dyskeratosis congenita (DC, Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome) complicated by non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, signet ring carcinoma of the rectum and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. At the age of 9 years, he was diagnosed as having DC on the basis of typical clinical manifestations including atrophic lingual papillae, hyperpigmentation of the skin, thrombocytopenia, and ophthalmological abnormalities. A few years later pancytopenia and splenomegaly developed. At 24 years, signet ring carcinoma of the rectum was detected but could not be resected because of the severity of the pancytopenia. Death was due to respiratory failure from P. carinii pneumonia. At autopsy the case illustrated several unique findings for DC, including non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, atrophy of frontal lobe and markedly slender folia of the cerebellum and superimposed infections with herpes zoster virus and P. carinii. Striking lymphocyte depletion and atrophy of lymphoid parenchyma in lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, or thymus were seen histologically. The morphological picture supports the suggestion that there is a defect in the cell-mediated immune system in patients with DC, although immunoglobulin levels in the blood are normal. The cell-immune deficiency is a major factor in the poor prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1990

Molecular cloning and characterization of human pyruvate dehydrogenase beta subunit gene.

A genomic clone encompassing the entire gene for the human pyruvate dehydrogenase beta subunit (PDH beta) has been isolated by screening a leukocyte genomic library with a nick-translated human foreskin fibroblast PDH beta cDNA probe. The 18-kilobase clone was characterized by restriction enzyme analysis, extensive DNA sequencing, and primer-extension analysis. The PDH beta structural gene is composed of 10 exons and 9 introns. All intron-exon splice junctions follow the GT/AG rule. The Alu family was found in introns 2 and 8. The 5' flanking region of the PDH beta gene contains a "CAAT" consensus promoter sequence but no "TATA" sequence. Primer-extension analysis indicated that the PDH beta gene transcription start site is an adenine residue located 132 bases upstream from the initiation codon in exon 1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Brain-associated small-cell lung cancer antigen (BASCA) is expressed in developing lung: an immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic study.

Expression of brain-associated small-cell lung cancer antigen (BASCA) in developing lung and in lung tumors was investigated immunohistochemically and immunoelectron microscopically with monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes of BASCA. In fetal lung, epithelial and mesenchymal cells had different spatial and temporal expression patterns, in contrast to the consistent pattern in neural cells. The cell membranes of epithelial cells of the proximal bronchial tubes were diffusely positive at the pseudoglandular stage. Ciliated cells lost immunoreactivity shortly after their emergence, but non-ciliated cells, including endocrine cells, lost it at the alveolar stage. The immunoreactivity in mesenchymal cells was reduced in the proximal airway, but positivity remained in the distal lung later during the postnatal period. All endocrine tumors of the lung, defined by diffuse synaptophysin immunoreactivity, expressed BASCA, but some non-endocrine carcinomas which also lacked densely cored granules ultrastructurally, showed BASCA positivity. The temporal and spatial pattern of BASCA expression in the developing lung suggests that BASCA plays an active role in lung morphogenesis. BASCA may be expressed as an oncofetal substance in some non-endocrine carcinomas of the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura complicated with circulating lupus anticoagulant].

A 37 year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of hypermenorrhea, prolonged bleeding time, thrombocytopenia and the diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was made. Though activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was markedly prolonged, her coagulation factors were within normal ranges. Activities of the circulating lupus anticoagulant (LAC) was suggested. Kaolin clotting time of the platelet poor plasma was used as a sensitive screening test using the mixture of normal and patient's plasma for the detect of LAC. As a result, LAC positive pattern was observed. The treatment with high-dose gammaglobulin brought out a transient increase of the platelet count, but the prolongation of APTT was not corrected. Both the platelet count and the prolongation of APTT were significantly improved after the treatment with betamethasone.

Adult↗