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Biomedical subjects

M Koike

Publications and source records attributed to M Koike.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Morphological changes in gastric carcinoma with progression.

By combining morphological two indices, namely, (1) the degree of differentiation of glandular tubules (well or poor) and (2) the amount of intracellular mucus (rich or poor), we previously classified histological types of gastric carcinoma into four types. Using this histological classification, we studied the morphological changes of gastric carcinoma according to extra-gastric invasion in 200 autopsy and 200 resected cases. In cases in which the predominant histological type in the lamina propria was "tubular differentiation--well, mucus in cytoplasm--poor," there was a greater incidence of co-existence with other histological types. In many of these cases, the predominant histological findings changed to "tubular differentiation--poor" in the subserosa, followed by direct invasion into neighboring extra-gastric tissues. In all cases in which the predominant histological type in the lamina propria was "tubular differentiation--poor," the predominant histological type in the subserosa was also "tubular differentiation--poor." To understand the mode of extension of gastric carcinoma in relation to the histological type, we must consider not only the characteristics of the predominant histological types of carcinoma but also those of co-existing types, especially in cases of "tubular differentiation--well, mucus in cytoplasm--poor."

Autopsy↗
PubMed1995

A case of AIDS-related hepatic Kaposi's sarcoma.

In Japan, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a very rare neoplasm. However, it does occur as one of the complications in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS-related KS commonly involves the skin, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract. Hepatic KS is sometimes observed in AIDS patients at autopsy, but it is very rarely diagnosed during life. We report a case of hepatic KS in an AIDS patient, detected by ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during life and proven at autopsy. Abdominal US revealed multiple hyperechoic tumors along the portal vein. CT scan showed low density and delayed enhancement by contrast material. These tumors were revealed as a low intensity area on a T1-weighted image of MRI and as a high intensity area on T2-weighted and proton density images. US, CT scan, and MRI revealed characteristic findings of hepatic KS. These procedures are very useful for the diagnosis of hepatic KS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hepatic KS in Japan.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Annular pancreas associated with carcinoma in the dorsal part of pancreas divisum.

A carcinoma in the dorsal part of the pancreas divisum with an annular pancreas in the anterior part is reported. A 79-yr-old female was admitted in our hospital complaining of epigastralgia. Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) showed an irregular mass in the pancreatic body. A pancreatogram obtained through the major duodenal papilla demonstrated only the ventral pancreatic duct that encircled the duodenum. Contrast medium injected from the minor duodenal papilla showed Santorini's duct obstruction at the neck portion of the pancreas without communication with the ventral pancreatic duct. The patient died with liver metastases. Autopsy confirmed annular pancreas and a 6-cm tumor in the pancreatic body extending to the pancreatic head and pancreas divisum. Pancreatic carcinoma; histologically a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; originated from the dorsal part of pancreas divisum. To our knowledge this is the first report of pancreatic carcinoma associated with annular pancreas coexistent with pancreas divisum.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

A case of pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas showing sequential histological change by immunohistochemical study.

Pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare, histologically characterized pancreatic tumor with a rapid and fatal course. We report a case of a resected pleomorphic carcinoma located in the body of the pancreas in a 61-yr-old male. Histological analysis of the resected specimen revealed the coexistence of pleomorphic carcinoma with adenocarcinoma, but the recurrent tumors at autopsy 20 mo later were only of the adenocarcinomatous type. Cells in the adenocarcinomatous component showed a diffuse reactivity for CA19-9, CEA, and cytokeratin, and a focal reactivity for vimentin. In contrast, vimentin was diffusely expressed in pleomorphic lesion. Adenocarcinoma at autopsy expressed CA19-9, CEA, and cytokeratin, but not vimentin. These findings suggest that the recurrent adenocarcinoma may have developed as a consequence of sequential change in the nature of the tumor.

CA-19-9 Antigen↗
PubMed1995

Spontaneous cytokine overproduction by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and aplastic anemia.

We studied spontaneous cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 14 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and 28 various myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cultured PBMC were measured by ELISA. The average levels of these cytokines were higher in AA or in refractory anemia (RA) than in RA with excess of blasts (RAEB) or in RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T). Marked cytokine overproduction was observed in RA as well as in AA. High cytokine levels were observed in hypocellularity and low blast cell counts in the bone marrow. These results may suggest that the increase of cytokines may be a reactive response in hypocellular bone marrow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Increased proliferation of eosinophil clusters in myelodysplastic syndromes.

A patient with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) developed eosinophilia during treatment with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF). To study the mechanism of this eosinophilia, we investigated the proliferation of eosinophil colony-forming units (CFU-Eo) in nine patients and four healthy controls. Eosinophil clusters increased significantly in the patients (P < 0.01) compared with controls, but eosinophil colonies were not different between controls and MDS patients. In addition, the eosinophil clusters were significantly increased with rhGM-CSF in MDS patients compared with controls, although serum GM-CSF concentrations were similar in both groups. These results suggest that eosinophil clusters are increased in MDS either through abnormal progenitor proliferation or hypersensitivity to GM-CSF.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Defective IL-5-receptor-mediated signaling in B cells of X-linked immunodeficient mice.

Murine (m) IL-5 induces proliferation and differentiation of both Ly-1+ B cells and activated conventional B cells. X-linked immunodeficient (XID) mice do not respond to thymus-independent type II antigens, and have an abnormal response to a variety of activation signals through Ig receptors, CD40 and cytokine receptors. Furthermore, XID mice show a B cell specific defect, reflected in decreased numbers of IL-5R alpha+ B cells and reduced responsiveness of IL-5R alpha+ B cells to mIL-5. We generated IL-5R alpha transgenic (5R alpha-Tg) mice in which B cells expressed recombinant IL-5R alpha. We crossed male 5R alpha-Tg mice with female XID mice and used their offspring to determine the IL-5 responsiveness of these B cells. All B cells of F1 male mice carrying the xid gene together with the transgene expressed the recombinant IL-5R alpha. However, those mice lacked Ly-1 B cells and their B cells acquired responsiveness to mIL-5. Interestingly, XID-5R alpha-Tg B cells, but not XID B cells, acquired mIL-5 proliferative and Ig-secretory responsiveness only in the presence of suboptimal doses of lipopolysaccharide. Stimulation of these B cells with mIL-5 plus phorbol myristate acetate induced proliferation, but not Ig secretion. These results indicate that the impaired mIL-5 responsiveness of B cells in XID mice is due to an abnormality of IL-5R-mediated signaling which may correlate with the xid gene mutation, alteration of a single amino acid of Bruton's tyrosine kinase.

Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase↗
PubMed1995

Hematogenous metastases of pancreatic ductal carcinoma.

To investigate the heterogeneity of hematogenous metastases of pancreatic ductal carcinoma, we investigated carcinomatous spread in 130 autopsy cases. Hepatic metastases occurred most frequently, in 81 cases (62%), which may be explained by the fact that all veins draining the pancreas flow into the portal system. We closely examined the 49 cases without hepatic metastases. Sixteen patients had pulmonary metastases without hepatic metastases, whereas seven had peculiar hematogenous metastases without hepatic or pulmonary metastases. Fifteen of these 23 patients had pancreatic body carcinomas. The unusual patterns of spread might be due to (a) hepatofugal portosystemic shunting induced by splenic vein obstruction, (b) retrograde lymphatic infiltration from metastatic tracheobronchial lymph nodes, or (c) aggressive characteristics of the tumors indicated by peculiar histologic features such as pleomorphic or mucoepidermoid carcinoma, etc. Sixteen patients showed only lymph node metastases and 10 had no distant metastases. Seventeen of these 26 cases had pancreatic head carcinoma. Histologically, two patients had mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, and six had adenocarcinomas producing rich mucin. The average age of the group with no distant metastases was higher.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Synergistic effect of methionine-depleting total parenteral nutrition with 5-fluorouracil on human gastric cancer: a randomized, prospective clinical trial.

Methionine-depleting total parenteral nutrition (Met-depleting TPN), infusing AO-90 amino acid solution (lacking both L-methionine and L-cysteine) as a sole nitrogen source, showed synergistic effects with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in tumor-bearing rats and in clinical trials with gastrointestinal tract cancers. In this study, the effect of Met-depleting TPN with 5-FU upon thymidylate synthase (TS) activity was examined, and the histological effect of this treatment on human gastric cancer was evaluated. Fourteen preoperative advanced gastric cancer patients were divided randomly into two groups. Seven cases were given Met-depleting TPN for 7 days before surgery with continuous intravenous administration of 5-FU (500 mg/body per day; total 4.0 g/body) (AO-90 group). The other 7 received conventional L-methionine-containing TPN with 5-FU (control group). All patients underwent gastrectomy without complications due to these treatments. Resected materials were examined for TS kinetics, and the anti-cancer effect was also assessed histopathologically. The specimens in the AO-90 group showed marked degeneration of cancer, while almost no effect was seen in the control group. The free TS activity of carcinoma tissue in the AO-90 group was decreased and the TS inhibition rate was increased in comparison with the control group (P = 0.0165 and P = 0.0243, respectively). Met-depleting TPN appears to play a role as a biomodulator of 5-FU in human gastric cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Pyothorax-associated lymphoma: development of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoma within the inflammatory cavity.

Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a B cell lymphoma that develops in Japanese patients with tuberculosis-associated chronic pyothorax (TaCP). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been shown to be causally related to PAL. To clarify the developmental process of PAL, the systemic and local presence of EBV, and serum profile of anti-EBV antibodies was investigated in TaCP. EBV genome was found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by PCR in a 10(-4)-10(-5) amount of Raji cell-DNA in three of four patients with TaCP, but was also identified in patients with pyothorax caused by other diseases (2/2) or without pulmonary diseases (2/6). EBER1 in situ hybridization and EBNA2 immunocytochemistry revealed clusters of EBV-carrying cells in the cavity content (3/18) but not at the pyothorax wall; EBV(+) histological lymphoma cells were found in two cases and EBV(+) mononuclear cells were found in one case. A simultaneous increase in serum titers of anti-EBV viral capsid antigen IgG and IgA antibodies was observed in TaCP (4/16). These results suggest that a local factor, an inflammatory cavity, has a pivotal role in the development of PAL, which might be reflected in the serum titers of anti-EBV antibodies in patients with TaCP.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1995

Intracranial meningioma masquerading as a primary pleuropulmonary tumor.

Extracranial metastasis was found in an intracranial meningioma with low proliferative potential before the detection of the primary tumor. Pleuropulmonary tumors were incidentally detected on chest X-ray in an asymptomatic 25 year old female. Excised tumors of the right pleura and lung showed histological features similar to meningotheliomatous meningioma, which led to the discovery and excision of the intracranial tumor. Both tumors showed the same histologic pattern: meningotheliomatous meningioma with low mitotic activity. The proliferative component, determined by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67, was further evaluated in the primary tumor and the metastases of the present case, as well as in 12 other intracranial meningiomas. Ki-67 positive ratios at the primary and metastatic sites of the present cases were 1.2 and 1.1%, respectively, which is as low as other benign meningiomas, and this suggests that factors other than the proliferative potential is responsible for extracranial metastasis of meningioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the component acellular pertussis vaccine produced by a combination of column purified pertussis toxin and filamentous haemagglutinin.

This is the report on a prospective, single blind, comparative study of a component acellular pertussis vaccine produced by a combination of detoxified, column purified pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTcaP) and the traditional acellular pertussis vaccine produced with essentially the same method as described by Sato with DT (DTaP) of the same manufacturer. A total of 616 infants and children received DTcaP and a total of 289 received DTaP. In all age groups for both vaccines values of serum antibodies to PT and FHA after two doses of the vaccines were comparable to those of convalescent sera. Incidences of systemic and local reactions were, in general, not greatly different between DTcaP and DTaP recipients. In Japan the use of traditional acellular vaccines replaced whole cell vaccines in 1981. Protective antigens of Bordetella pertussis have now been specified and thus component vaccines have become theoretically possible. This is the first component vaccine which has been developed in Japan. Several other component vaccines are now under investigation in the world.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

Molecular analysis of Japanese isolates of Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum.

Sixteen isolates of different pathogenicity groups of the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae and four isolates of V. albo-atrum from Japan were analysed by means of an RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method using a PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum could be distinguished by RAPD analysis. Four pathogenicity groups of V. dahliae could also be classified to a certain extent by this method. Similarities and differences in banding patterns obtained by RAPD may be a useful molecular tool in phylogenetic studies of the pathogenicity groups.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Influence of warm ischemia on isolation and primary culture of hepatocytes from rat liver for a hybrid artificial liver.

To assess the possibility of using hepatocytes from ischemic liver, as a bioreactor of a hybrid artificial liver, we investigated the influence of warm ischemia on the isolation and culture of hepatocytes in rats. Warm ischemia was induced by clamping the liver hilus and the animals were divided into 3 groups according to the duration of ischemia: group A (no ischemia), group B (10 minutes) and group C (20 minutes). Hepatocytes were isolated by the collagenase perfusion method and cultured for 5 days. The yield and viability of the isolated hepatocytes were lower in group C. Rate of attachment was decreased as the duration of ischemia increased. There was no significant difference observed in functions in culture. Sufficient hepatocytes, as a bioreactor, can be isolated and cultured from warm ischemic liver within 10 minutes. Though the number of available hepatocytes were diminished, hepatocytes procured from longer warm ischemic liver could be utilized as a bioreactor.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

DNA fragmentation of human infarcted myocardial cells demonstrated by the nick end labeling method and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.

Myocardial tissue taken from 19 autopsy cases of myocardial infarction were examined both by the nick and labeling method (NELM) and by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis in order to demonstrate the localization of cells with fragmented DNA and to confirm the internucleosomal cleavage of DNA biochemically. The nuclei corresponding to those with the histological features of acute myocardial infarction in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections were stained strongly positive with the nick end labeling method. Myocardial cells corresponding to those with nick end labeling method-stained nuclei, on the other hand, had mostly pyknotic and karyolytic nuclei and some unremarkable nuclei, even nuclear ghosts, and showed degenerated cytoplasm, including contraction band necrosis in H&E-stained preparations. The agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA extracted from the corresponding areas mentioned above showed the ladder pattern of internucleosomal cleavage characteristic of apoptosis. The present study revealed that infarcted myocardial cells with nuclear outlines, even nuclear ghosts, showed a distinct DNA fragmentation with the ladder pattern of internucleosomal cleavage. It is concluded from this study that the damaged myocardial cells of acute myocardial infarction represent a coagulation necrosis having the biochemical nature of apoptosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Endoscopic mucosal resection for radical treatment of esophageal cancer].

Clinico-pathological results of patients with superficial esophageal cancer was reviewed to determine the indications of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for esophageal cancer as a radical treatment and to evaluate clinical results of EMR. The analysis on eighty-seven cases with superficial esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy revealed no lymph node metastasis in any 0% of case with cancer confined to the lamina propria mucosae, 10% of cancer reaching the muscularis mucosae and 43% of cancer infiltrating the submucosa. These results suggested that the endoscopic mucosal resection should be indicated for patients with esophageal cancer confined to the lamina propria mucosae. The accuracy rate for estimating depth of invasion of mucosal cancer of the esophagus was 96%. We early established "the double channel technique" for resection of mucosal lesion of the esophagus with a major part of the submucosa, we used it for sixty-nine cases, and all were eventually discharged. Immediate complications of EMR were noted in 12.9% of all cases (mediastinal emphysema: 2.9%, ulcer bleeding: 10%) and the late complication in 7.2% (esophageal stricture due to scar formation: 5.8% and ulcer bleeding 5 days after EMR: 1.4%). All cases who developed stricture had mucosal defect over 3/4 the circumference. The cumulative 5-year survival rate of patients with esophageal mucosal cancer treated by EMR (86%) showed no significant difference from those treated by esophagectomy (83.2%). We to conclude that endoscopic mucosal resection is indicated for the patient with mucosal cancer confined to the lamina propria mucosae. One can expect an excellent prognosis by less invasive treatment than esophagectomy.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗