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Biomedical subjects

M Kohno

Publications and source records attributed to M Kohno.

576 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Use of profound hypothermia induced by surface cooling in open-heart surgery.

Profound hypothermia with body-surface cooling for use in open-heart surgery is considered a difficult anesthetic technique because of the problems of controlling ether anesthesia. This paper describes our hypothermia technique in detail, with emphasis on its particular usefulness in open-heart procedures in neonates and infants. The results are based on our experience with 281 consecutive patients. Guidelines for safe and effective performance of this technique were established on the basis of continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, and arterial blood pressure. We conclude from our experience that open-heart operation under profound hypothermia is a safe, effective, and extremely promising method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Pregnancy following 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154)-induced ovulation in an acromegalic patient with galactorrhea and amenorrhea.

An acromegalic patient with galactorrhea-amenorrhea who conceived following long-term 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) therapy is described. During CB-154 therapy, determinations of serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH)-human chorionic gonadotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone a reduction in PRL level followed by an LH peak, a rise in basal body temperature and menstruation. The patient became pregnant during the next cycle, but therapeutic abortion was performed because of the active acromegaly. These results demonstrate that CB-154 can restore ovulatory function not only to the patient with a hypothalamic disorder but also to the acromegalic patient with an enlarged sella turcica.

Acromegaly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenylate cyclase activation promotes the recruitment of coronary vasodilator reserve and improves subendocardial contractility during coronary hypoperfusion.

This study was designed to examine the effects of an adenylate cyclase activator, NKH477, on epicardial and endocardial contraction and coronary blood flow (CoF) in the presence or absence of ischemia and to compare it to those of adenosine. We measured coronary pressures (CoP), coronary blood flow, epicardial and endocardial wall thickening (i.e., %EPWT and %ENWT, respectively, by sonomicrometry) in 18 anesthetized dogs. The left circumflex coronary artery was perfused with arterial blood using a pressure controlled servo pump. Propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) were used to minimize the neurogenic effects. CoP decreased from 100 mm Hg to 40 mm Hg with and without drugs. At CoP of 100 mm Hg, intracoronary infusion of NKH477 (10(-8) M/kg/min) produced a two-fold increase in CoF, but there were no changes in either the %EPWT or the %ENWT. During coronary hypofusion at coronary pressures equal to 40 mm Hg, NKH477 increased CoF from 16 +/- 2 to 28 +/- 4 mL/min (p < 0.05) and improved %ENWT significantly from 6 +/- 7 to 23 +/- 7% (p < 0.05). However %EPWT was not improved by NKH477. On the other hand, the intracoronary infusion of adenosine (10 micrograms/kg/min) increased CoF from 16 +/- 5 to 21 +/- 6 mL/min (p < 0.05) at CoP of 40 mm Hg. However, this dose of adenosine failed to improve %ENWT (16 +/- 10% vs. 14 +/- 10%, n.s.). Thus, the improvement of subendocardial function by NKH477 might be related to the improvement of subendocardial perfusion which could be induced by the potentiation of endogenously released adenosine as well as the direct vasodilator effect. This contrasts with the effects of exogenously administered adenosine, which failed to improve subendocardial contractility.

Adenosine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Direct duodenal invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Intestinal hemorrhage treated by transcatheter arterial embolization.

This report describes a case of direct duodenal invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma with massive intermittent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Progressive anemia was intractable by supportive therapy alone, and repeated blood transfusion was necessary. Transcatheter arterial embolization was finally carried out, which dramatically reduced the amount of transfusion. Owing to severe blood loss, patients with GI tract involvement generally have a poor prognosis.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comprehension of emotions: comparison between Alzheimer type and vascular type dementias.

This study investigated the ability of recognizing emotion in dementia. Twenty-five patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), 25 patients with vascular dementia (VD), and 12 normal control subjects were evaluated as to general cognition, visuoperception and emotion recognition. The score on the emotion recognition task significantly correlated with that of the Mini-Mental State Examination for VD patients while this was not the case for DAT patients. Moreover, VD patients performed significantly worse than DAT patients on the emotion recognition task in spite of the fact that there was no difference in the general cognitive and visuoperceptual abilities between them. The result of this study coupled with the past studies led to the hypothesis that the relationship between intellectual deficits and the deterioration in recognizing emotions differs according to type of dementia. Caregivers in nursing homes and hospitals need to take into account their patients' intellectual deficits but also their deteriorating ability of identifying emotions.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition by eicosapentaenoic acid of oxidized-LDL- and lysophosphatidylcholine-induced human coronary artery smooth muscle cell production of endothelin.

The objectives of the present study were (1) to determine whether oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), a major phospholipid component of oxidized LDL, stimulate the production of endothelin-1 (ET)-1 in cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and (2) to examine the possible effect of an antiatherogenic agent, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on oxidized-LDL- and lyso-PC-stimulated ET-1 production in these cells. Oxidized LDL (10-50 microg/ml) and lyso-PC (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/l) stimulated ET-1 production in a concentration-dependent manner. By contrast, the effects of native LDL and phosphatidylcholine were modest or absent. Lyso-PC (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/l) and oxidized LDL (10-50 microg/ml) significantly induced particulate protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Lyso-PC- and oxidized-LDL-stimulated ET-1 production was significantly inhibited by PKC inhibitor, PKC (19-36). EPA (80-160 micromol/l) clearly suppressed ET-1 production stimulated by oxidized LDL and lyso-PC in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, EPA (160 micromol/l) significantly inhibited lyso-PC (10(-5) mol/l)- and oxidized LDL (50 microg/ml)-induced particulate PKC activation. Results suggest that oxidized LDL and lyso-PC stimulate ET-1 production by a mechanism involving activation of PKC, and that EPA suppresses ET-1 production stimulated by lyso-PC as well as oxidized LDL probably through the modulation of PKC in human coronary artery SMCs. EPA may exert an antiatherosclerotic effect, in part, through these mechanisms.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Release mechanism of endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 after stimulation with thrombin in cultured porcine endothelial cells.

Cultured porcine endothelial cells (EC) released immunoreactive endothelin-1 (ir-endothelin-1) and big endothelin-1 (ir-big endothelin-1) into the medium in a time-dependent way. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassay showed that the major component of ir-endothelin-1 corresponded to standard endothelin-1 (1-21) and that the major component of ir-big endothelin-1 corresponded to standard big endothelin-1 (porcine 1-39). This release was strongly inhibited by cycloheximide and was, therefore, related to de novo protein synthesis. The release of greater amounts was stimulated by thrombin. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors from two chemical classes, H7 and staurosporine, inhibited release following such stimulation in a relatively dose-dependent way. Neither H7 nor staurosporine affected the basal release of both endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1. Phorbol myristate acetate, which activates PKC and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, stimulated the release of ir-endothelin-1 and ir-big endothelin-1 in a dose-dependent way, respectively. In addition, the combination of both compounds had a synergistic effect. An inactive enantiomer of phorbol ester, 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate had no effect on the release of ir-endothelin-1 and ir-big endothelin-1. These results suggest that cultured EC release endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 simultaneously, and that thrombin stimulates this release by a mechanism that probably involves intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and the activation of PKC.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of pertussis toxin on signal transductions via P2-purinergic receptors in A-431 human epidermoidal carcinoma cells.

In A-431 cells, stimulation of P2-purinergic receptors with extracellular ATP caused production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), followed by mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores; Ca2+ influx from the extracellular fluid and breakdown of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) also accompanied this InsP3/Ca2+ signalling. When A-431 cells were pretreated with pertussis toxin (PTX), production of InsP3 and elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ were strongly inhibited. PTX also inhibited the Ca2+ influx, but the effect was much weaker than that for InsP3/Ca2+ elevation. No inhibitory effect was observed in ATP-stimulated PtdCho breakdown. These results suggest that there is a system(s) which mediates the functions of P2-purinergic receptors in addition to PTX-sensitive G-proteins.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of primary small cell carcinoma of the cervical esophagus with long-term survival following concurrent chemoradiotherapy: case report and review of the literature.

The authors describe a case of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus that was treated by concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Both the esophageal tumor and the regional lymph node metastases disappeared after this treatment. The patient is alive and disease free after more than five years. Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare and aggressive neoplasm with a very poor prognosis, and the treatment modality is controversial. This case illustrates the possibility of treating this tumor type with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antioxidant effect of a new calcium antagonist, azelnidipine, in cultured human arterial endothelial cells.

Azelnidipine is a novel dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonist with long-acting anti-hypertensive action and a low reported incidence of tachycardia. We aimed to evaluate its antioxidant activity in cultured human arterial endothelial cells under oxidative stress. Endothelial cells were exposed to 1 mM H2O2 and treated with 100 microM alpha-tocopherol, 1 nM, 10 nM or 100 nM azelnidipine, 100 nM nifedipine or 100 nM amlodipine. After 3 h, the cell number and level of lipid peroxidation were evaluated by measuring the total protein and 8-iso-PGF2 alpha concentrations, respectively. The total protein concentration was similar with each treatment. Inhibition of 8-iso-PGF2 alpha was greatest with 10 nM azelnidipine (compared with the other drugs); the difference between 10 nM and 100 nM azelnidipine was not significant. We conclude that azelnidipine has a potent antioxidative effect that could be of significant clinical benefit when combined with its long-lasting anti-hypertensive action and low incidence of tachycardia.

Antioxidants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of diffractometry and a linear image sensor to measurement of erythrocyte deformability.

We applied laser diffractometry and a linear image sensor to measurement of erythrocyte deformability to detect the light intensity pattern of the diffraction image. Deformability was evaluated as the deformability index (DI), calculated from the width and length of the diffraction pattern ellipse, estimated by the linear image sensor. With the erythrocytes under various shear stresses, the DI was linearly related to results by the geometric method (r = 0.996, p < 0.01). The coefficient of variance of DI at a shear stress of 236 dynes/cm2 was 0.2% (seven human blood samples), which was satisfactory for practical use. The DI was independent of the erythrocyte concentration in the range of 1.5 x 10(7)-5.0 x 10(7) cells/ml of suspension. Correlation between the DI and the logarithm of shear stress was linear in the range of 5 to 350 dynes/cm2 of shear stress in suspension media of different viscosities. Heat-treatment, which decreased membrane flexibility, caused parallel reduction of the DI plotted against the logarithm of shear stress. The method was sensitive and gave reproducible results. It may be useful for clinical applications.

Erythrocyte Deformability↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infrequent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in human colon cancers.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a downstream factor of the Ras-Raf-MAPK cascade and it is now considered to be a key molecule in signaling processes stimulated by growth factors and differentiation inducers. METHODOLOGY: We examined MAPK activity in 21 advanced colon cancers to investigate whether the MAPK cascade might play a role in the progression of colon cancers. RESULTS: MAPK activation (3.9-10.1-fold) was observed in 4 of 21 cases (18%), but 3 cases (75%, 3 of 4 cases) showed MAPK activation without ras mutation, thus suggesting that MAPK activation did not correlate with the presence of Ki-ras mutations in these cases. Other kinds of oncogene activation would be involved to MAPK activation in human colon cancers. In other cases MAPK activation was not detected or partly down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that positive and negative regulation of MAPK activity are associated with loss of normal growth control and may be involved in carcinogenesis of colon cancers.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meloxicam inhibits the growth of non-small cell lung cancer.

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 has been reported to play an important role in carcinogenesis. Meloxicam (preferential COX-2 inhibitor) inhibits the growth of COX-2 positive and COX-1 negative colorectal cancer cells. We evaluated the effects of meloxicam on the growth of lung cancer cells. By reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, COX-2 but not COX-1 was expressed in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549 and PC14). In human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line (H841), both COX-1 and COX-2 were not detected. MTT assay and prostaglandin (PG) E2 enzyme immunoassay showed that meloxicam inhibited the growth and PGE2 production of both A549 and PC14, but not H841 cells. These findings suggest that COX-2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of NSCLC, and that meloxicam may be a useful therapeutic agents in the treatment of NSCLC.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in human lung cancer.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a member of the steroid nuclear receptors. Recent studies have demonstrated that PPAR-gamma is expressed in several cancer cells. We examined the PPAR-gamma expression in both normal lung and major types of human lung cancer. The expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA was detected in 2 out of 3 normal lung tissues and its protein was detected in 3 out of 5 normal lung tissues. In contrast, a small cell carcinoma cell line and all other types of lung cancer tissues expressed PPAR-gamma mRNA and its protein. Immunoreactive PPAR-gamma is strongly expressed in cancer cells and moderately in mononuclear cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts of lung cancer tissues. Our results suggest that PPAR-gamma may play an important role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of lung cancer, and may be a novel therapeutical target for therapy of lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiotherapy with concurrent docetaxel and carboplatin for head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the concomitant use of docetaxel and carboplatin for radiosensitization in head and neck cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One dose of docetaxel at 10 mg/m2 and five doses of carboplatin at AUC of 0.4 per week were administered to patients during the first two weeks of radiotherapy. Sixteen patients were treated with this regimen. Radiotherapy was given to a total dose of 64.8 to 82.0 Gy. Altered fractionation radiotherapy was performed in 12 patients with untreated advanced tumors. RESULTS: The complete response (CR) rate was 81%, with a partial response (PR) rate of 19%. Toxicities included grade 3 mucositis in 69% of patients and grade 2 dermatitis in 56% of patients. CONCLUSION: This schedule of docetaxel and carboplatin combined with radiotherapy may become a useful approach for the management of head and neck cancer with proper management of mucositis.

Adult↗