Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Koga.
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Local injection of physostigmine revealed that dermatomally distributed vitiligo was associated with a dysfunction of the sympathetic nerves in the affected skin and that non-dermatomally distributed vitiligo was not. These observations led to the hypothesis that the primary disturbance of dermatomally distributed vitiligo lies in the sympathetic nerves of the affected area and that non-dermatomally distributed vitiligo has its primary disturbance in the melanocyte itself, where an autoimmune mechanism is suspect. Results of therapy supported this hypothesis by showing that topical cortisteroid is effective only in the latter, while the former reacts to oral nialamide. It is proposed that non-dermatomally distributed vitiligo be referred to as Type A and dermatomally distributed vitiligo as Type B.
Normal rat embryo cell (RFL) from syncytia after infection with murine leukemia virus. The assay for counting the number of syncytium foci produced in RFL cells is a sensitive method for a direct infectivity assay of murine leukemia virus.
M-mode scan echocardiographic studies of the mitral valve were performed in order to investigate structural architecture of the diseased mitral valve. Structural lesion of the mitral valve was assessed by the echo-pattern change, an increase in number or thickness of the diastolic mitral echo complex. The echo-pattern was classified into 4 grades according to number or thickness of the mitral echoes. The echo-pattern grade correlated with the degree of the structural lesion of 21 surgically excised mitral valves. Clinically, the echo-pattern grade was compared with subsequent operative procedure in 56 cases with pure or predominant mitral stenosis (42 open commissurotomy, 14 valve replacement). Grade I or grade II echo-pattern was a good indicator for mitral commissurotomy. Grade IV pattern was a reliable criterion for valve replacement. Mitral valve replacement should be also considered in cases with grade III pattern, 38% of whom underwent valve replacement. C-E amplitude of the mitral valve was not a useful parameter in assessing the surgical procedure. Thus, the echo-pattern obtained by M-mode scan technique appeared to be of valve in planning the surgical approach for patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis.
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Reserpine was the most potent, rescinnamine the next and syrosingopine the weakest in the depleting effects on brain amines of rauwolfia alkaloids. After syrosingopine, brain dopamine (DA) was decreased to a smaller degree and with a shorter duration as compared with norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT), whereas reserpine elicited a marked and long lasting reduction in these amines. Accordingly, syrosingopine induced a depletion of brain NE and 5-HT without alteration in brain DA content 2-4 days after administration. Repeated administrations of syrosingopine, 2 mg/kg daily for 2 or 4 days, resulted in similar alterations in brain amine levels. This selective depleting effect of syrosingopine on brain amines was potentiated by combined treatment with disulfiram or fusaric acid, a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Under the condition of selective depletion of brain amines induced by repeated administrations of syrosingopine, 2 mg/kg daily for 2 days, the analgesic action of morphine was not affected, whereas reserpine and tetrabenazine antagonized morphine analgesia, concomitant with inducing a depletion of all brain amines. The results suggest that brain DA may be more important than brain NE or 5-HT with regard to the mechanisms by which morpine produces analgesia.
Magnification radiographs of 32 resected gastric specimens were used for analysis of minute gastric mucosal patterns according to the size and shape of the gastric areas and the appearances of the sulci between them. The mucosal patterns of 92 portions of stomachs were divided into 5 types and observed for correlation with their macroscopic appearances and histology. Destruction of the gastric areas and the sulci was predominant in the carcinomatous mucosa. However, among the patterns of noncarcinomatous mucosa, 18% of those with marked mucosal atrophy had abnormal mucosal patterns impossible to distinguish from carcinomatous mucosa.
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The superficial depressed type of early gastric carcinoma is described. The macroscopic appearance is characterized by an irregular erosion, often associated with a deeper central ulceration. The surrounding mucosal folds exhibit abrupt termination, narrowing, and clubbing. The roentgen diagnosis requires good demonstrations of detail. The double-contrast technique is most important and informative and can be used to study almost any part of the stomach.
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