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Biomedical subjects

M Koga

Publications and source records attributed to M Koga.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Laboratory and clinical evaluation of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)].

Pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin, a new injectable semisynthetic-cephamycin, was studied in 12 healthy children and also was studied cerebrospinal fluid levels in 1 patient with bacterial meningitis received 44.5 mg/kg of cefoxitin and thoracic fluid levels in 2 patients were measured. Cefoxitin was administered intravenously to 50 patients with various types of infections an average dose of 130 mg/kg/day for an average of 9 days. The results were as follows: 1. Favorable plasma levels were obtained comparing with those off conventional injectable cephalosporins after 15 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg of cefoxitin for one shot intravenous injection. The half lives of cefoxitin in the plasma were about 15.9 minutes up to 1 hour and 25.5 minutes up to 2 hours after an intravenous administration of cefoxitin at a dose of 15 mg/kg, and while, those were 15.9 minutes and 27.5 minutes after an intravenous administration of cefoxitin at a dose of 25 mg/kg, respectively. 2. Cefoxitin was excreted with high concentration up to 2 hours after the administration and thereafter, urinary concentration of cefoxitin declined rapidly with the lapse of time. The time course urinary concentration reflected those of plasma levels. Approximately 94.7% and 90.6% of dosed cefoxitin were recovered in the urine for 6 hours after the administration at the dose of 15 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. 3. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of cefoxitin were only determined in a patient of bacterial meningitis. Therefore, further study should be performed. 4. The thoracic fluid levels with 2 patients were higher than cerebrospinal fluid levels. 5. Among the 50 patients with various infections, cefoxitin was clinically effective in 84% and bacterial response in 87%. 6. As adverse reactions, in total 79 patients included exclusive 29 patients, diarrhea occurred in 1 patient, sweating and cough in 1 patient, rash with fever in 4 patients, vascular pain in 2 patients, and leukopenia was observed in 1 patient, eosinophilia in 1 patient, and increase of GOT and LDH were observed in each 2 patients. The other adverse reactions were not experienced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Experimental transmission of human subacute spongiform encephalopathy to small rodents. I. Clinical and histological observations.

Experimental transmission of subacute spongiform encephalopathy from three human cases to small rodents is reported. The first case with atypical CJD with spongiform change, kuru plaques, and leukomalacia was transmitted directly to mice, rats, and guinea pigs and indirectly to hamsters and Mongolian gerbils through rats. From two other typical SSE cases the disease was also successfully transmitted; from he second case to mice and rats, and from the third case to guinea pigs. Brain showed the highest infectivity; the spleen, liver, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of diseased animals were also infective. Intracerebral inoculation was the route for the fastest transmission, followed by intrathecal, intraperitoneal, submucosal, and subcutaneous routes. The incubation periods and clinical features were characteristic in each inoculated species and did not vary within several passages, except for the shortening of incubation period from the first to the second passage. Histologically, a marked spongy state and proliferation of astrocytes were observed in all diseased animals, though the distribution of the lesion was peculiar to each species. The severe lesion in the white matter in mice was similar to that seen in mice inoculated with scrapie and also to that seen in the first case.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Purification and characterization of zinc-binding protein from the liver of the partially hepatectomized rat.

Zn-binding protein in liver of the partially hepatectomized rat was purified by column chromatography on Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-cellulose. Homogeneity was judged by polyacrylamide-disc-gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight determined by gel-permeation chromatography in 6 M-guanidine hydrochloride was 6700. This value is in good agreement with the molecular weight calculated from the amino acid composition, which was 6073. Zn-binding protein was composed of 61 amino acid residues, and the distinctive features include an extremely high content of cysteine, which accounted for one-third of the total amino acid residues, and an absolute absence of aromatic amino acids as well as of histidine, leucine and arginine. The amino acid composition was similar to that of the metallothioneins previously isolated from rat liver and mouse liver. These observations suggest that the Zn-binding protein can be classified as a type of metallothionein. Zn-binding protein contained 8.2g-atoms of zinc per mol and traces of copper, but no cadmium. The molar ratio of thiol groups to zinc was calculated to be 2.5:1. Possible roles of this Zn-binding protein in the transport and storage of zinc in the liver are discussed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Transmission of chronic spongiform encephalopathy with kuru plaques from humans to small rodents.

An unusual case of spongiform encephalopathy was transmitted directly from a human to rats and mice. After serial passages, incubation periods were shortened to about six months in rats and four months in mice. Clinical symptoms were similar in rats and mice, including ruffled fur, arched back, bradykinesia, and hind limb paralysis. Pathologically, a spongy state, proliferation of astrocytes, and neuronal changes were observed. Electron microscopic observation of the parietal cortex of rats and mice disclosed many membrane-bound vacuoles in the neuropil, predominantly in dendrites. In the pons of mice, intramyelinic vacuoles and accumulation of extracellular fluid were prominent. The clinicopathological symptoms of the affected animals resembled those in other experimental spongiform encephalopathies, especially scrapie.

Animals↗