Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to M Kodama.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Vocal rehabilitation by tracheogastric shunt method after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy for malignancy.

After pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy had been performed to remove a malignant tumor, a shunt was created between the elevated gastric tube and the trachea for vocal rehabilitation in two patients. By covering the tracheostoma, the patients were able to produce a substituted voice without any reflux. However, strange vibrations of the gastric tube slightly disturbed the intelligibility of the shunt voice.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1984

Direct evidence of incorporation of 12-O-[20-2H1]tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate into artificial membranes as determined by deuterium magnetic resonance.

In order to elucidate the manner of interaction of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), 2H-NMR spectra of [20-2H1]TPA and 31P-NMR spectra were recorded in the presence of multibilayers of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). Observation of several pairs of quadrupole splittings directly proves the TPA molecules are intercalated into the multibilayers. Further, reduction of the 31P chemical shift anisotropy of DMPC multibilayers by TPA is more pronounced than that of phorbol 12,13-diacetate (PDA) whose activity of tumor promotion is very weak.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1984

Effect of rice and salty rice diets on the structure of mouse stomach.

The effect of rice and salty rice diets on stomach morphology was investigated in Swiss/ICR mice. Mice were fed rice, salty rice, or standard pellet diets for 3-12 months, starting when the mice were 4 weeks of age. Long-term maintenance on the rice or salty rice diet increased the dimension and wet weight of the forestomach and decreased the same parameters of the glandular stomach. Similar bidirectional changes of the forestomach (hypertrophy) and glandular stomach (atrophy) were produced by hydrocortisone treatment. Histological study showed that a reduction in the parietal cell population accounted for the regression of the glandular stomach in both cases. Evidence is presented to suggest that an excess of carbohydrate and sodium chloride combined with a deficiency of fat and protein produced steroidal disorders that in turn gave rise to hyperplasia of the forestomach and atrophy of the glandular stomach of the mice. Possible impact of the above findings on the genesis of human gastric cancer is discussed in relation to the metabolic competence of the host animals to synthesize vitamin C.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Residual function of exocrine pancreas after operation for chronic pancreatitis by N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid test (NBT-PABA test).

The changes in the residual function of the exocrine pancreas before and after the operation for chronic pancreatitis were examined with N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (NBT-PABA test) in 15 patients. The results of the NBT-PABA test classified by the surgical formula proved that no significant difference was found between the pancreatectomized group (pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy) and the decompression group (pancreatojejunostomy and transduodenal exploration of the pancreatic duct), and no improvement on the outcome of the postoperative NBT-PABA test, as compared with the outcome of the preoperative test, was noted in both groups. When the state of the fibrosis of the pancreas was classified by the grade for comparison, it was observed that the outcome of the NBT-PABA test of grade 1, in which little fibrosis was made, was better than the outcome of the test of grade 3 before operation (p less than 0.01) and after operation (p less than 0.01). In each of the grades, however, no difference was found between the outcome of the preoperative NBT-PABA test, and that of the postoperative test. It was presumed from these findings that the residual function of the exocrine pancreas after operation was dependent largely on the degree of pancreatic fibrosis at operation.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in obstetric and gynecological infection].

Sulbactam (SBT)/cefoperazone (CPZ) is the combined drug of SBT (beta-lactamase inhibitor) and CPZ by 1 to 1 to get spectrum covering much wider range than CPZ only. SBT/CPZ was used in 6 cases of female intrauterine and intrapelvic infections and 3 cases of external genital infections. The clinical efficiency was almost good excluding adnexitis. There were neither subjective and objective side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical experience with oxendolone for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical efficacy and effects on serum lipid and lipoprotein fraction levels].

Forty-three patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated with weekly i.m. injections of 400 mg oxendolone for 12 weeks. The subjective symptoms were improved in 83% of these patients. Residual urine was decreased significantly and Qmax was increased by this treatment. Serum VLDL level was suppressed significantly, whereas the levels of LDL, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were changed little. Atherosclerotic index and the ratio of (total cholesterol--HDL-cholesterol) to (HDL-cholesterol), was not influenced by the treatment. No severe side-effect was found. These findings suggest that oxendolone is the drug of choice for non-surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Detection of DNA lesions in cultured human fibroblasts induced by active oxygen species generated from a hydroxylated metabolite of 2-naphthylamine.

DNA lesions induced by active oxygen species generated from N-hydroxy-2-naphthylamine were detected by an alkaline elution technique using cultured normal human lung fibroblast cells. The lesions were detected dose-dependently when cells were treated with the carcinogen either at 0 degrees or at 20 degrees. Their formation was strongly dependent on pH and increased with alkalinity up to pH 8.2 in parallel with the formation of hydrogen peroxide. Inhibition was observed by catalase, superoxide dismutase, and benzoic acid which is a typical hydroxyl radical scavenger. Other hydroxyl radical scavengers, mannitol and ethanol, were only effective when a cell-free in vitro reaction system was used, followed by alkaline elution. These results imply first that hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals generated during the conversion of N-hydroxy-2-naphthylamine to nitroxide radical are involved in the formation of DNA lesions and second that hydroxyl radical produced by an intra-cellular metal ion-catalyzed reaction might finally react with DNA bases and the DNA backbone.

2-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1984

[Plasmapheresis in the patients with malignant tumor].

Therapeutic plasmapheresis for malignant tumor was first applied scientifically to transmissible tumors in dogs in 1908 by Crile et al. In the 1970s, immunosuppressive factors in the plasma of cancer-bearing patients were described. Plasmapheresis has been widely applied to many human malignant diseases for immunosuppressive factors being removed with new plasma separating methods, sachas continuous centrifugation or membrane plasma separation. Recently more selective removal method have been developed. The effects of plasmapheresis are recognized not only from an immunological point of view but also in performance status. The latter effect perhaps depends on the replacement of fresh frozen plasma rather than the removal mechanism itself. It is thought that plasmapheresis improves not only immunological status, but also homeostasis in patients with malignancies. There are no cancer treatments which improve the performance status of advanced cancer patients except plasmapheresis. In the future, plasmapheresis is likely to receive more attention and further development as an anti-cancer therapy for immunomodulation and fundamental treatment in combined immuno-chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Group I pepsinogen (PG I) in the serum and urine after total gastrectomy].

Since the origin of group I pepsinogen (PG I) is no other than gastric mucosa, PG I has been considered to disappear in total gastrectomized patients. We, however, have found proteolytic activity in the urine of one-half of total gastrectomized patients and the activity has proven to be PG I by both gel chromatography and agar gel electrophoresis. Serum and urine PG I levels also have been determined by radioimmunoassay in 40 subjects. PG I was detected in almost all of them and the mean level of serum was 4.17 ng/ml and that of urine was 32.2 ng/ml. The levels had no relation to age and sex but elevated in the patients with recurrent gastric cancer after total gastrectomy. A few possibilities can be considered as to the source of PG I after total gastrectomy, in which heterotopic gastric mucosa or gastric gland metaplasia is most possible. An interesting result in this study was that both serum and urine PG I levels elevated in the recurrent patients. This phenomena suggests that gastric cancer may produce PG I.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1984

[Cell kinetics and nuclear ploidy pattern in relation to the growth of gastric cancers as analyzed by DNA-RNA cytofluorometry].

We investigated the cell kinetics and nuclear ploidy pattern of human gastric cancers (12 early and 30 advanced cancers) using DNA-RNA cytofluorometry (NIKON SPM-RF1-D) with AO stain. The results showed that the gastric cancers studied could be divided into two main groups on the basis of ploidy pattern determined both by DNA and RNA contents: group I without, and group II with polyploidization. Cells having nuclear DNA contents between 2 n and 4 n were regarded as representing those in the S phase, and it was found that both groups had similar proliferative activity. In group I, cell proliferation without polyploidization seemed to be maintained during tumor growth regardless of the extent of invasion, and the fraction of 2 n cells was 72-94%, compared to 93-99% in control cells from the non-neoplastic gastric epithelium. In group II, however, the extent of polyploidization appeared to be increased in association with both the tumor growth and its invasion into deeper tissues; thus the fraction of 2 n cells was low, ranging from 12 to 79%. Especially, the fraction of 2 n cells in cancers with aneuploid-polyploidization was further decreased to 6-25%. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that, in the early stages of gastric cancers, the cell population may be composed mostly of diploid cells, but with both further tumor development and its invasion, the neoplastic cells may gradually differentiate into two distinct cell populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Binding of bile acids with rat colon and resultant perturbation of membrane organization as studied by uptake measurement and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The mode of interaction of deoxycholate (DOC) or lithocholate (LC) with F344 rat colon was examined by measurements of uptake, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and observation of morphological changes. DOC as well as LC was taken up by the colon in a nonsaturable manner with respect to concentration and time, up to 30 min. None of several metabolic inhibitors reduced the uptake of the bile acids, nor did pretreatment of colon segments with chloroform-methanol (2:1, (v/v), heat or trypsin. Further, the bile acids were not transported by the colon against concentration gradients, and they were bound to both the mucosa and serosa equally. From these findings, it is concluded that the bile acids are transported in a passive manner, and no specific receptor for them is contained in colonic mucosa. The uptake of the bile acids by the colon varied with temperature and was related to the fluidity of the colonic membranes. The extent of uptake of dehydrocholate and taurocholate, which do not induce ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, was almost the same as that of LC. The 31P NMR spectra of the colonic mucosal cells indicated that the proportion of the bilayer structure is increased by 0.5 mM DOC. Among a variety of bile acids examined, the extent of membrane alteration was in parallel with the extent of ODC induction. Treatment of the colonic mucosa with 0.5 mM DOC caused marked degeneration of the surface but not the deeper layers of the mucosa. Thus, physiological concentrations of bile acids influence the membrane organization of the colonic mucosa in a nonspecific manner that is possibly related to the tumor-promoting activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Role of cytochrome P-450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase in the N-hydroxylation of N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene in rat liver: analysis with purified enzymes and antibodies.

By means of high pressure liquid chromatography, the role of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) and cytochrome P-450 (cyt. P-450) in the metabolism of N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (MAB) by rat liver microsomes in vitro was studied with the help of antibodies and a chemical inhibitor. Antibody against cyt. P-488 from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats (MC-P-448) decreased the formation of N-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (N-OH-MAB) by about 30% in microsomes from MC-treated rats (MC-microsomes), but showed no inhibitory effect on the formation of N-OH-MAB in microsomes from untreated rats (untreated microsomes) or in microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats (PB-microsomes). Antibody against cyt. P-450 from PB-treated rats did not inhibit N-hydroxylation of MAB by any of the microsomes tested. A competitive inhibitor of FMO, methimazole, inhibited the N-hydroxylation of MAB by 65% in the case of MC-microsomes, and the residual activity was inhibited completely by anti-NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (anti-fPT) antibody. These results indicate that in MC-microsomes, the N-hydroxylation of MAB is catalyzed by both FMO and MC-P-448, but in untreated and PB-microsomes the reaction is catalyzed exclusively by FMO.

Animals↗