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Biomedical subjects

M Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to M Kodama.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

New approach to endotoxic and septic shock by means of polymyxin B immobilized fiber.

Endotoxin shock therapy has not been successfully dealt with pharmacologically. Circulation of endotoxins in the blood is an important factor in the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of endotoxic shock. We have recently developed polymyxin immobilized fiber (PMX-F) as a biomaterial for selectively detoxifying endotoxins. In ex vivo experiments, direct hemoperfusion (DHP) by PMX-F was performed on dogs injected with purified endotoxin. Only one of eight survived in the control group, but ten of 12 survived in the group receiving DHP with PMX-F. Mortality in the treated group decreased remarkably. Thus, the results indicate the efficacy of PMX-F in neutralizing endotoxins. By the same method as already mentioned, DHP with PMX-F was carried out on live dogs with Escherichia coli induced sepsis. All of the dogs in the control group died within 18 hours after bacterial infusion. All of the dogs in the treated group, however, survived for more than three days. Two of the five dogs are still alive. One of the remaining two survived for seven days and the other, 14. We found that PMX-F treatment prolonged or increased the survival rate in the endotoxic and septic dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Usefulness of endotoxin removal from the septic blood with direct hemoperfusion using PMX-F].

UNLABELLED: Sepsis and septic shock have been drugs difficult to treat despite many our therapeutic methods. There are many drugs for sepsis, but few can remove or detoxify such sabstances as endotoxin. The polystyrene fiber immobilized polymyxin B (PMX-F) have been invented and it was already confirmed the stability of its bonding. In this paper, mass-productive PMX-F for the clinical application were estimated. IN VITRO STUDIES: PMX-F adsorbed endotoxin (10ng/ml) from the calf serum, and recombinant tumor necrosis factor (80U/ml) from the serine solution. PMX-F maintained an antimicrobial activities against E.coli sufficiently. Those activities of PMX-F showed significant difference between PMX-F and carrier fiber. But PMX-F could not adsorb histamine and thromboxane B2. In vivo studies: The treatment of endotoxic mongrel dogs showed early recovery in arterial blood pressure, and ameliorated survival rate significantly. In human study, 77-year old male patients who had obstructive jaundice due to recurrent stomach cancer and biliary tract infection by Klebsiella showed sepsis and DIC. During DHP with PMX-F, the change of blood pressure was remarkable better, and platelet counts decreased, but next morning this count recovered completely and he had no hemorrhagic tendency. We believe clinical application of PMX-F is safe and useful.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1989

[Dietary habits of Japanese renal stone formers and clinical effects of prophylactic dietary treatment].

The daily consumption of various nutrients and the daily habits of 241 male stone formers were investigated. The patients (especially uric acid stone formers and hypercalciuric (greater than or equal to 300 mg/day) calcium stone formers) ingested much more total protein and animal protein than healthy Japanese. However, the amount of ingested calcium by the patients (470 mg) was less than that of healthy subjects (553 mg) and did not reach the level of the daily nutritive requirement (600 mg). The amount of ingested nutrients during the evening meal by the patients was about 50% of the daily amount with over 60% of the daily animal protein being ingested at dinner. This tendency was high in subjects who were in their 20's to 40's. The interval from dinner until retiring in the patients was not different from that of healthy males, but it was under 4 hours in over 50% of those in their 30's and 40's in both groups. From these results, we thought that a rapid change in nutritional status and dietary style in the short period after World War II had strongly affected the incidence of renal stone disease in Japan. Therefore, we have established the following general guidelines: 1) increased fluid intake, especially after dinner, 2) correct and avoid unbalanced diet (the diet should include all kinds of food, with vegetables being eaten at every meal and avoidance of an excessive intake of meat), 3) eat three meals a day and avoid an excessive intake at dinner, and 4) extend the interval from dinner until retiring. By following these individual dietary guidelines, the 5-year stone recurrence rate and the stone episode rate decreased remarkably in the period of not only outpatient visits but also in the period when the outpatient visits were discontinued. From these results, we conclude that individual dietary management should be the primary measure for the prophylaxis of renal stone disease in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[M-VAC chemotherapy for patients with lymph node metastases and/or locally advanced bladder carcinoma].

Sixteen patients with lymph nodes metastases and/or locally advanced bladder carcinoma were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (M-VAC) from November 1986 through September 1988. There were 14 men and 2 women. The median age was 61.9 years, with a range from 43 to 81 years. Complete response (CR) was observed in 6 of 16 patients (38%), partial response (PR) was confirmed in 5 of 16 patients (31%), and overall response rate was 69%. Median duration of response was 10.3 and 5.2 months in CR and PR patients, respectively. The myelosuppression with this regimen was tolerable. This study demonstrates that the M-VAC regimen is effective in the invasive bladder carcinoma with or without lymph nodes metastases. However, the duration of response is relatively short, and the true long-term benefits of this regimen remain to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of unresectable advanced gastric cancer with effective treatment by local administration of OK-432 on operation].

A 70-year-old male with unresectable stage IV gastric cancer was locally administered OK-432 on operation. During the 3rd year following the operation, primary lesion was notably reduced by endoscopic picture, and ro cancerous tissue was detected by biopsy. In addition, serum levels of AFP and CEA were markedly decreased. The patient has survived for 3 years 6 months after operation.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1989

[Cardiac involvement of alcoholics and the effect of total abstinence].

Echocardiographic features of 221 alcoholics after total abstinence were investigated. At the time of admission, none demonstrated left ventricular (LV) enlargement. Noticeably, 26% patients out of the total showed LV wall thickening more than 1.4 cm in the interventricular septum. On the other hand, 19% of the alcoholics illustrated hypokinetic LV wall without chamber dilatation which was either less than 55% in ejection fraction or 30% in fractional shortening. Three months later, the LV wall thickness reduced significantly from 1.6 to 1.4 cm in average and the LV wall motion improved significantly from 27 to 31% in fractional shortening. In the cases with wall thickening, the change was well correlated with a decrease both in heart rate and in LV muscle volume, but not with a decrease in systemic blood pressure. No significant correlated factors could be detected in the hypokinetic cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Relative non curative resection of gastric cancer].

Relative non curative resection of gastric cancer was studied according to The General Rules of Japanese Research Society for gastric cancer. The five year survival rate was 31.2%, while 39.6% for relative curative resection and 4.9% for absolute non curative resection. The cases whose relative non curative factor was due to lymph nodes (n greater than R) resulted in a fair prognosis, but the prognosis of those concerned with peritoneal dissemination (P1) or liver metastasis (H1) was very poor. Surgical achievement to improve postoperative results may be obtained when a systemic (13), (14v) (16) lymph node dissection is performed whenever only one of them was involved in metastasis.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1988

Adult T-cell leukemia with leukemia cell infiltration into the gastrointestinal tract.

Five cases of untreated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) with leukemia cell infiltration into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were reported. X-ray findings of the GI tract showed diffuse abnormal mucosal patterns throughout the GI tract in all five patients. Endoscopic findings corresponded well with the x-ray findings. Pathologic examination of biopsied specimens from all five patients revealed diffuse and extensive leukemic infiltration into the stomach and/or the large intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A new method of measuring in vivo sound speed in the reflection mode.

This paper describes a new method for in vivo sound measurement in the reflection mode. The mean sound speed between the reflector and linear array transducer is measured using the following three parameters: time of flight, time of flight difference, and distance between two receiver elements. To detect time of flight, the system delay-line time compensator is adjusted to obtain the sharpest reflector image. This method was evaluated in vivo in human livers, specifically 26 normal, 27 cirrhotic, and 15 fatty livers. The mean sound speed between diaphragm and the transducer was obtained. The measured sound speed was significantly higher in cirrhotic livers and lower in fatty livers.

Fatty Liver↗
PubMed1988

Protogonyaulax cohorticula, a toxic dinoflagellate found in the Gulf of Thailand.

Two clones of Protogonyaulax cohorticula were isolated from the Gulf of Thailand. The extracts of these clones killed mice with typical signs of paralytic shellfish poisoning. The toxicities corresponded to those of strongly toxic clones of P. tamarensis. In the HPLC and electrophoretic analyses, gonyautoxins and saxitoxin were detected. About 80% of the toxins consisted of gonyautoxin I. These results show that P. cohorticula is a toxic species of Protogonyaulax and that it is at least one of the causative organisms of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Thailand.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of a rice-rich diet on the therapeutic efficacy of cyclophosphamide with special reference to the enhancement of transplantation immunity.

The present study investigated the problem of whether the therapeutic efficacy of cyclophosphamide in the in vivo Ehrlich ascites tumor system can be improved by adjuvant use of hydrocortisone or of dietary hydrocortisone mobilizers. In the chemotherapy experiment, female ICR mice each received an inoculum of 1 x 10(6) cells of Ehrlich ascites tumor ip followed by 2 ip injections of cyclophosphamide 36 and 37 hr later (2.4 mg/mouse for the 1st injection, and 1.0 mg/mouse for the 2nd injection). The effects of both cyclophosphamide and adjuvant treatments were assessed in terms of either survival rate or cure rate in the 1-month experiment. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Prolonged use of hydrocortisone as an adjuvant can improve the survival of cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 2) Adjuvant use of a rice-rich diet for maintenance increased the rates of both survival and cure in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 3) The same maintenance of mice on a rice-rich diet increased transplantation immunity on the one hand, and induced a set of steroidal changes including hydrocortisone excess on the other hand. 4) Evidence is presented to indicate that the beneficial influence of a rice-rich diet on the drug effect is related to an increase of transplantation immunity in the host, and that there could be a causal relationship between hormonal and immunological changes in rice-saturated mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The induction of enhanced antitumor effect against a nonimmunogenic tumor by highly immunogenic variants obtained by mutagen treatment.

Nonimmunogenic 1767-3 fibrosarcoma was treated with the mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and stable variant cell clones (M-clones) were obtained that were able to elicit an immunological rejection response in syngenic C3H mice. Mice immunized with some M-clones were protected against a challenge from the original nonimmunogenic fibrosarcoma. Furthermore, when spleen cells of immunized syngenic mice were restimulated in vitro with M-clones, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were obtained that were able to lyse not only M-clones but also the original nonimmunogenic tumor. These in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate the immunogenicity of M-clones and the existence of a singular antigenic specificity between the original nonimmunogenic tumor and M-clones. For the purpose of application of this mutagen treatment to cancer therapy, we combined it with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) adoptive immunotherapy (AIT). With interleukin 2 and in vitro stimulation with highly immunogenic variant clones, we tried to induce transfer cells that had not only nonspecific LAK cells but also CTL with specific immunity against the original nonimmunogenic tumor. Successful results were obtained in the LAK AIT models. These findings indicate that an immunotherapy of human cancers that are thought to be weakly or nonimmunogenic may be possible by the application of this approach to LAK AIT.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Deficiency of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

The number of beta-adrenergic receptors in cardiac myocytes isolated from rats made diabetic with streptozocin (STZ) for 10 wk was measured by use of a hydrophilic nonselective antagonist [3H]CGP 12177 and was found to decrease to 59% of the number in control rats (P less than .05), without any change in affinity. Similarly, using [125I]iodocyanopindolol as a ligand, we found a decrease in the beta-adrenergic-receptor number on cardiac plasma membrane isolated from the diabetic rats [29% decrease (P less than .05) at 1 wk, 50% (P less than .01) at 3 wk, and 49% (P less than .01) at 10 wk compared with control rats]. However, the serum triiodothyronine level that had been known to modulate the beta-adrenergic-receptor-adenylate cyclase system was decreased in the 1-wk-diabetic rats but not in the 10-wk-diabetic rats compared with each control group. Furthermore, there was no difference in urinary catecholamine excretion between diabetic and control groups. In the 10-wk-diabetic rats, the response of adenylate cyclase to isoproterenol was significantly defective (56% decrease compared with control rats; P less than .05), although both the basal and the forskolin-stimulated maximum adenylate cyclase activities and a half-maximum concentration of isoproterenol for the stimulation of adenylate cyclase were similar in control and diabetic rats. On the other hand, both cholera toxin-dependent and islet-activating protein-dependent [32P]NAD incorporations into cardiac plasma membrane were markedly increased in the diabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenylyl Cyclases↗