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Biomedical subjects

M Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to M Kodama.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Dietary intake and habits of Japanese renal stone patients.

The daily consumption of various nutrients as well as the daily habits of 241 male stone patients were investigated. Hypercalciuric (300 mg. or more per day) calcium stone patients ingested much more total protein, fats, oils and calcium than normocalciuric calcium stone patients, and uric acid stone patients ingested much more total and animal protein, and carbohydrates than calcium stone patients. However, the amount of ingested calcium by the patients (470 mg.) was similar to that of age-matched healthy male subjects (476 mg.) and did not reach the level of the daily nutritive requirements (600 mg.). The patients ingested large amounts of nutrients, especially animal protein, during the evening meal. From these results it was believed that synthetic dietary management, including not only ingesting various amounts of nutrients but also changing dietary habits, is necessary for the prophylaxis of renal stones.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Dominant use of the left hand by athetotic cerebral palsied children.

Hand preference was studied in 57 children with athetotic cerebral palsy. A left-sided preference was seen in 61% of the subjects. In more severely affected children for whom the possible cause was asphyxia, the left-sided preference was especially common. The perinatal brain damage causing athetosis may affect a motor system controlling movement on the right side more severely.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1990

Inhibitory effect of glutamic acid and aspartic acid on calcium oxalate crystal formation.

The effects of Glu and Asp on calcium stone formation was evaluated in three experiments. Studies using mixed suspension, mixed product removal crystallization and scanning electron microscopy showed that Glu and Asp inhibited the nucleation rate, growth rate and suspension density (crystal mass produced) in proportion to the concentration. The main amino acids in calcium oxalate stones and calcium phosphate stones were Glu and Asp. However, the main amino acids in uric acid stones were glycine and urea, and there were no specific amino acids in struvite stones. The activity of urinary GOT and GPT, which convert Asp and alanine, respectively, to Glu in normal subjects was significantly greater than in calcium stone formation.

Aspartic Acid↗
PubMed1990

Lipid and apolipoprotein compositions of two species of ApoA-I containing lipoproteins in young girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Two species of lipoproteins containing apoA-I (A-ILp), lipoprotein containing apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I/A-II), and lipoprotein containing apoA-I but no apoA-II were isolated from 12 girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and from 19 healthy controls using affinity chromatography. When characterizing the lipid and apolipoprotein compositions, we noted compositional changes. In A-ILp, the levels of lipid, except for triglyceride, and the level of apoC-III were significantly higher in IDDM. In LpA-I/A-II, the levels of lipids, except for triglyceride, the levels of apoC-III, and the ratio of apoA-I to apoA-II were significantly higher in IDDM. In lipoprotein containing apoA-I but no apoA-II, the levels of all lipids and apolipoproteins in IDDM were similar to those in the controls. The percent phospholipid in A-ILp and LpA-I/A-II was significantly higher in IDDM. All of these changes of A-ILp are similar to those associated with the reduced risk in the nondiabetic population. However, apolipoprotein changes of LpA-I/A-II may possibly be related to the accelerated atherosclerotic processes noted in patients with IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Anti-plasmin inhibitor. VI. Structure of phlorofucofuroeckol A, a novel phlorotannin with both dibenzo-1,4-dioxin and dibenzofuran elements, from Ecklonia kurome Okamura.

Phlorofucofuroeckol A (1), a novel phlorotannin with both dibenzo-1,4-dioxin and dibenzofuran elements, has been isolated from the brown alga Ecklonia kurome OKAMURA as a potent anti-plasmin inhibitor. Its structure has been elucidated to be 1,11-di(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)- benzofuro[3,2-a]dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin-2,4,8,10,14-pentaol on the basis of the spectral data, in particular, by means of negative nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and long-range carbon-proton couplings (2JCH and 3JCH). Phlorofucofuroeckol A inhibited the action of alpha 2-macroglobulin (IC50 = 1.0 micrograms/ml) and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (IC50 = 0.3 micrograms/ml), the main plasmin inhibitors in plasma.

Benzofurans↗
PubMed1990

Evidence of intercalation of trans-diethylstilbestrol and its methyl ether derivatives in multibilayers of egg phosphatidylcholine by high-power deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H-NMR) spectroscopy.

The mode of incorporation of 2H-labeled trans-diethylstilbestrol (DES) (1b) and its methyl ether derivatives (2a, 2b, and 3) into multibilayers of egg phosphatidylcholine was analyzed by means of deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance. A clear distinction was found between DES or its methyl ether derivatives incorporated into lipid bilayers and those precipitated in the aqueous phase, by taking into account the extent of the motionally averaged quadrupole interaction. Thus, it was found that the relative proportion of these compounds incorporated into multibilayers decreased in the following order: DES (1b) greater than DES monomethyl ether (2a and 2b) greater than DES dimethyl ether (3). In addition, we demonstrated that the mode of intercalation in the multibilayers differs greatly among these compounds.

Deuterium↗
PubMed1990

Increase in [3H]PN 200-110 binding to cardiac muscle membrane in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

Voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in cardiac left ventricular muscle membranes isolated from nondiabetic control and diabetic rats were measured with [3H]PN 200-110, a dihydropyridine derivative, as a ligand. The binding site (Bmax) of [3H]PN 200-110 in cardiac membranes isolated from streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D) rats (128 +/- 10 fmol/mg protein) significantly (P less than 0.01) increased by 64% compared with that of control rats (78 +/- 4 fmol/mg protein) 10 wk after STZ administration without a significant change in Kd. However, the significant increase in Bmax of [3H]PN 200-110 binding in diabetic rats depended on the duration of diabetes such that the increase was not found until 6 wk after STZ injection. An 8-wk intensive insulin treatment, which was initiated 2 wk after STZ injection, normalized the increase in [3H]PN 200-110 binding in STZ-D rats to control levels (85 +/- 4 fmol/mg protein). Furthermore, [3H]PN 200-110 binding to control cardiac membranes was dose-dependently inhibited in the presence of verapamil, a phenylalkylamine Ca2+ antagonist, but that was not the case in cardiac membranes isolated from STZ-D rats. These results indicate that voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in cardiac muscle isolated from STZ-D rats are quantitatively and qualitatively altered, because the course of diabetes and the increase in the channels can be prevented by treatment with insulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Testicular steroids in spermatic and peripheral veins after single injection of hCG in patients with varicocele.

To determine the function of Leydig cells in patients with varicocele, hCG-stimulated levels of progesterone (Prog), 17 alpha-Hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (17OHP), 4-Androstene-3,17-dione (A-dione), testosterone (T), and estradiol-17 beta (E2) in both spermatic and peripheral veins were measured. Seventy-two patients with idiopathic varicocele were divided into four groups: patients in group 1 were untreated, whereas patients in groups 2, 3, and 4 were given a single i.m. injection of 10,000 IU hCG 24 h, 96 h, and 168 h before surgery, respectively. In the spermatic and peripheral veins, levels of Prog, 17OHP, and E2 showed peaks at 24 h, whereas levels of A-dione and T showed peaks at 96 h. Significant increases in the ratios of spermatic veins 17OHP to A-dione and 17OHP to T, and a significant decrease in the ratio of T to E2, was found 24 h following hCG treatment. These results demonstrate that, following hCG injection, there is a transient inhibition of testicular C17-20-lyase activity, probably mediated by E2, even in subfertile males with varicocele.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Enzymatic and non-enzymatic formation of free radicals from aflatoxin B1.

Formation of free radicals from aflatoxin B1 was demonstrated in systems of a) NADPH/microsome, b) H2O2/peroxidase, c) UV irradiation, d) silver oxide oxidation and e) alkaline dimethyl sulfoxide. In a) to c), radical spots were detected in thin-layer chromatograms. Among several known metabolites of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1 was active in generation of free radical. These results suggest a possible role of free radical metabolites in the cytotoxicity of this hepatocarcinogen.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on thirty-two cases of childhood urolithiasis].

We evaluated 32 patients with urinary calculi under 16 years of age over the past 14 years since the founding of the Department of Urology, Kinki University School of Medicine. They comprised 0.8% of the total urolithiasis patients. They consisted of 18 boys and 14 girls with a male-to-female ratio of 1.29. The average age was 8.7 years for boys and 10.4 years for girls without any marked peak. The most frequently chief complaint was hematuria which was present in 15 cases (47%). Although pyuria was seen in seven cases (22%), urinary bacterial culture was positive only in 5. The underlying diseases could be diagnosed in 13 cases (41%), of which eight cases (62%) developed metabolic disorder. The sites of calculi were determined in 29 cases (91%), of which 28 had stones in the upper urinary tract. Surgical treatment was performed on 16 cases in 17 sessions. Ureterolithotomy was done in as many as five cases, followed by pyeloplasty in four cases. Nephrectomy was performed in only one case. There was only one case which had been treated with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The composition of calculi was found in 21 cases (66%), the majority or 13 cases (57%) of which had calcium-containing stones. Nevertheless, there was no case of hypercalciuria. When compared to the previous reports in Japan, it was worthy of note that calculi in the upper urinary tract and calcium-containing stones had higher incidences. It is expected that more patients will be treated with ESWL in the future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Cyclosporin levels in semen of renal transplant patients].

Cyclosporin (CsA) has powerful immunosuppressive properties, and its recent application to organ transplantation has resulted in markedly improved graft survival. However, CsA has certain adverse side effects, the most notable being nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Among other untoward effects, little is known about the effects of CsA on the reproductive organs. Since good graft survival is now expected with CsA, the long term effect of the drug on the gonads should be monitored carefully, particularly for young recipients. Prior to investigation of the effect of CsA on the testis, the level of CsA in semen of the adult renal transplant patients were measured. Twelve samples of semen from eight recipients, mean age 35 (SD 9), were collected by masturbation in the morning just before taking CsA after more than 5 day abstinence, and it was frozen at -80 degrees C. They had been taking immunosuppressants that were a combination of either CsA and prednisolone, or CsA, azathioprine and prednisolone for 5 to 63 months. The dose of CsA was 3.7 mg/kg to 5.0 mg/kg. The range of the level of serum creatinine was 1.1 mg/dl to 2.9 mg/dl. CsA in whole blood was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and CsA in semen was also measured by HPLC after extracting CsA with diethylether. The level of CsA in semen was 27 ng/ml to 165 ng/ml and that in whole blood was 51 ng/ml to 133 ng/ml. The relation between both levels was linear (r = 0.68, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Calcium urolithiasis and bone change].

Bone mineral contents of calcium urolithiasis patients (105 males and 52 females) were measured by the microdensitometry (MD) method, and the patients were divided into the MD normal group and the MD abnormal group. The patients were also divided into the group (21 males and 3 females) treated with thiazides for 1 year or more and the nontreated group to examine various factors in blood and urine. [Nontreated group] The rate of MD abnormality was higher in younger males. The rate tended to increase with age in females. Alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher in MD abnormal group males than in MD normal group males. Urinary calcium excretion and PTH values were significantly higher in MD abnormal group females than in MD normal group females. Comparison of hypercalciuria and normocalciuria revealed no significant difference between the MD normal rate and the MD abnormal rate. Comparison of single of stone formers and recurrent stone formers also revealed no significant difference between the MD normal rate and the MD abnormal rate. [Treated group] PTH and alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher in the treated group than in the nontreated group. Alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher in the MD abnormal group. From the viewpoint of stone recurrence prevention, the monitoring of bones where the majority of calcium in the body is present is considered important besides behavior of calcium in blood and urine.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1990

[Correlation between DNA ploidy patterns and tumor progression, prognosis, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in human esophageal cancer].

Cytophotometric DNA analyses were performed on 35 primary esophageal cancer. Histograms of DNA measurement were classified into three patterns (diploid pattern, aneuploid pattern and mosaic pattern) and were compared with histological findings, prognosis, and degree of lymphocytes infiltration around the tumor. Survival rate was worse in patients with mosaic pattern than the others, and 4-year survival rates of each patterns were 66.7% (diploid), 53.6% (aneuploid) and 25.4% (mosaic). Diploid cell line was observed frequently in the superficial cancers, and as the cancers infiltrated more deeply, mosaic cell line increased. Mosaic cell line appeared more frequently in well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. In patients with mosaic pattern, there was high frequency of lymphnode metastasis and vascular invasion, as compared with diploid pattern. The rate of vascular invasion tended to increase in the following order; diploid, aneuploid and mosaic types. Furthermore in the diploid tumors, the degree of lymphocyte infiltration around tumor tended to increase. These findings suggest that the change of DNA content may occur frequently during tumor progression and may be affected by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. So the DNA ploid pattern will be also to be one of the conjecturable factors of the prognosis of esophageal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Two siblings with interstitial deletion of chromosome 14 [46 XX, del (14) (q12 q13.3)]].

Two siblings with interstitial deletion of chromosome 14 not associated with ring formation were reported. Clinical features of the patients included failure to thrive, severe mental retardation, microcephaly, round face, hypertelorism, micrognathia and high-arched palate. They were common also in five previously reported cases. Other peculiar finding was hyperthyrotropinemia in their neonatal periods; mild hypothyroidism was found in the elder sister, and hyperthyrotropinemia was only transient in the younger sister. By a high-resolution G-banding analysis, the maternal origin of the chromosome with the deletion was noted.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

[Cellular kinetics and the nuclear ploidy pattern in relation to the gross pathological classification and location of advanced colorectal cancers as analyzed by DNA-RNA cytofluorometry].

Correlated studies on the cellular kinetics in association with the nuclear ploidy pattern and the pathological morphology of advanced colorectal cancers have been carried out using DNA-RNA cytofluorometry with an AO stain. The results showed that advanced colorectal cancers could be separated into the 3 distinct groups that follow: group I, involving a diploid cell population; group II, a polyploid cell population; and, group II', an aneuploid cell population. The group I type was located in the entire colorectal region, where as groups II and II', were in the sigmoid and rectum. Three groups were mostly Borrmann type 3 cancers, and the gross pathological classification was not found to be related to the ploidy pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Therapeutic plasmapheresis for post-operative hepatic failure.

It goes without saying that post-surgical hepatic failure must be treated. But today, the prognosis is very poor. The reasons for this are that HF is usually accompanied by hemostatic disorders and PHF, and the patients have fresh wounds and are under surgical stress. Moreover, there is no treatment, except PE, and this requires an anticoagulant. Nafamostat Mesilate (FUT-175) was invented as a serine protease inhibitor. It is short acting, and its degradation does not require the liver. FUT-175 was applied as an anticoagulant to 15 PHF patients with bleeding. There were no side effects and no aggravation of bleeding. Based on these results, FUT-175 is thought to be an ideal anticoagulant.

Anticoagulants↗