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Biomedical subjects

M Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to M Kodama.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Motor function of infants with athetoid cerebral palsy.

The motor function of 35 children with athetoid cerebral palsy was examined retrospectively using videotape recordings made at five to eight months of age. Many infants showed asymmetric tonic neck, Moro and Galant reflexes. Movements shown to be difficult included: keeping a symmetric supine posture, isolated movements of the hips and knees, forward extension of the upper extremity, extension of neck and trunk in the prone position and in ventral suspension, flexion of the neck in the traction response, and weight support by the upper extremities. Asymmetric or excessive opening of the mouth was present in all infants. The grade of difficulty for each posture and movement might reflect subsequent motor disability at three years of age.

Athetosis↗
PubMed1993

Histochemical localization of copper in the intestine and kidney of macular mice: light and electron microscopic study.

Menkes' disease is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by accumulation of copper in various organs and cells, such as the intestine, kidney, and cultured fibroblasts. Light and electron microscopic localization of Cu was investigated in the intestine and kidney of macular mice, an animal model of Menkes' disease, by a modified sulfide-silver method. Cu was accumulated in the cytoplasm of the absorptive epithelial cells, the vascular endothelium, and secretory granules of the Paneth cells. In kidney the distal tubule cells and glomeruli of both macular and control mice stained faintly, whereas the organelle-free cytoplasm in the proximal tubule cells of macular mice stained more intensely than those of controls. The nuclei, mitochondria, and lysosomes of the cells of macular mice hardly stained at all. These findings indicate that Cu is concentrated in the organelle-free cytoplasm of the affected cells of macular mice. This suggests that the Menkes' mutation affects Cu transport from the cytosol to the organelles in the cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Naturally occurring 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. II. Structures and syntheses of ardisianones A and B, and maesanin, alkenyl-1,4-benzoquinones from the rhizome of Ardisia japonica.

New alkenyl-1,4-benzoquinones, ardisianones A (1) and B (2), and the known maesanin (3) as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors have been isolated from the rhizome of Ardisia japonica. Their structures have been elucidated as 2-methoxy-6-[(Z)-10'-pentadecenyl]-1,4-benzoquinone and 5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-[(Z)-8'-tridecenyl]-1,4-benzoquinone, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical degradation. Ardisianone A (1), maesanin (3) and belamcandol A (7) have been synthesized starting from belamcandol B (6), readily prepared by Wittig reaction between 9-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)nonanal and 3,5-dimethoxybenzyltriphenylphsophonium bromide followed by selective demethylation with sodium thioethoxide.

Anisoles↗
PubMed1993

Pulsatile LH-RH administration induces puberty in hypogonadotropic GH-deficient patients.

Three growth hormone (GH) deficient males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were treated with pulsatile luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) administration. In two of them, the GH deficiency was idiopathic, but in the other it was secondary, caused by suprasellar germinoma. In response to LH-RH therapy, the serum testosterone (T), testicular volume, and body height increased in all three patients, and normal serum T levels and spermatogenesis were achieved in two patients. Gonadotropin responses to an LH-RH test preceding therapy did not seem to be an accurate predictor of the success of LH-RH therapy. We conclude that GH-deficient patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be expected to achieve normal pubertal development and spermatogenesis with pulsatile LH-RH administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Sclerosing peritonitis associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, pleurisy, and secretory otitis media.

A male case of sclerosing peritonitis of unknown cause, associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, pleurisy, and secretory otitis media, is presented. These unusual complications are very similar to the adverse reactions to the beta-adrenergic blocking agent, practolol, which is known to cause sclerosing peritonitis. This similarity suggests an etiological association between the sclerosing peritonitis of this case and that caused by practolol. The sclerosing peritonitis of this case may be considered to occur as part of some systemic disorder, and thus casts doubt on the hitherto accepted hypothesis that sclerosing peritonitis results from infectious peritonitis.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Adrenocorticotropin receptor in familial glucocorticoid deficiency].

Recent studies have revealed the presence of four subtypes for the melanocortin receptor (MC-R). Among these MC-Rs, MC2-R is considered to be an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) receptor because its expression is almost localized in the adrenal cortex. Five Japanese patients with ACTH unresponsiveness were examined as to whether they have mutations in the putative ACTH receptor. Among these patients, there are two groups of siblings, each of which consists of two individuals. The coding region of the ACTH receptor gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced on both strands, however, no point mutation was found in any of the five patients, suggesting that familial glucocorticoid deficiency, caused by the mutated ACTH receptor, may be rare.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1993

[Hepatocellular transplantation for metabolic support in experimental acute liver failure in rats].

The function of intrasplenic transplanted hepatocytes in acute liver failure was studied in an experimental model using rat (Lewis syngeneic rat). Acute ischemic liver failure was induced by occlusion of the proximal portal vein and hepatic artery immediately following extracorporeal porto-femoral venous bypass. Rats in group I were untreated and served as control (n = 6). Rats in group II received an intrasplenic transplant of hepatocytes (4 x 10(7) cells) 2 days before liver ischemia (n = 6). Rats in group III received an intrasplenic injection of the equal quantitative liver homogenate instead of hepatocytes 2 days before liver ischemia (n = 6). Serum ammonia and blood glucose were measured before, 1 hour and 2 hour after ischemia. The survival times of animals were evaluated. Serum ammonia was remarkably increased after ischemia in group I (1 hr = 937, 2 hr = 1220 micrograms/dl). On the other hand, in group II, the elevation of serum ammonia was significantly suppressed, less than half of that in group I (1 hr = 425, 2 hr = 463 micrograms/dl). That in group III was similar to group I. Blood glucose was remarkably decreased in all groups, but it was statistically higher in group II (1 hr = 48, 2 hr = 28 mg/dl) than in others (group I 1 hr = 23, 2 hr = 2, group III 1 hr = 29, 2 hr = 10 mg/dl). The mean survival time in group II (191 minutes) was two times longer than those in another two groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Echocardiographic assessment of heart failure].

In the last two decades M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography yielded outstanding improvements in diagnostic cardiology by providing readily available morphological and functional information of the heart as well as the great vessels. Recent advance of Doppler echocardiography makes it possible not only to examine the blood flow velocity but also to estimate the pressure gradient in the cardiovascular system. Moreover, advent of transesophageal echocardiography permits the routine visualization of certain cardiac regions that often cannot be visualized from the transthoracic views, such as the left atrial appendage and pulmonary vein. By using these echocardiographic techniques, the presence, severity, and hemodynamic consequences of heart failure due to various cardiovascular diseases can be determined noninvasively and repeatedly.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

J5 prevents endotoxin shock in suckling rats.

A sublethal dose of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) can induce endotoxin tolerance. It is not well known whether LPS feeding causes endotoxemia and endotoxin tolerance in the newborn. Since Rc mutant Escherichia coli LPS (J5) does not have toxic or lethal effects, J5 is used to induce endotoxin tolerance in this study. This study showed that both an intraperitoneal (ip) injection and feeding of Rc mutant Escherichia coli LPS (J5) induced endotoxin tolerance in suckling rats.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Therapeutic plasmapheresis to treat postoperative hepatic failure clinical course and therapeutic outcome in Japan].

The most serious hepatic complication after surgical procedure is postoperative hepatic failure. There is no therapy for this condition except plasma exchange. Precise clinical definition of postoperative hepatic failure was discussed based on a questionnaire distributed by the association in 1989, and in 1991 by the working group. Giving special consideration to the use of therapeutic plasmapheresis, the clinical definition of postoperative hepatic failure was established as hepatic injury after surgery, without obstructive causative factors, laboratory values for total bilirubin over 5mg/dl with continuous elevation, and hepaplastin activity under 40%. Key factors in determining initiation, efficacy, and cessation of plasmapheresis were coma grade (II-III), total bilirubin levels, and the activities of coagulation tests. The majority of underlying diseases were hepato-biliary in nature. The causative factors of hepatic injuries were massive bleeding and infection. The morbidity was estimated at 600 to 3000 cases/year. The frequency of plasma exchange was one session every/1.4-1.6 days. The volume of exchanged fresh frozen plasma was about 3292 ml/a session. Nafamostat mesilate was used as an anticoagulant. The survival rate was 14% to 40%. Earlier initiation of plasma exchange is indicated.

Benzamidines↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment of sepsis by extracorporeal elimination of endotoxin using fiber-immobilized polymyxin B].

To remove endotoxin directly from the blood, an affinity adsorbent (PMX) has been developed. PMX is composed of a ligand of polymyxin B and a carrier of polystyrene fibers. We treated 16 patients, suffering from septic shock or multiple organ failure by PMX-F hemoperfusion. The pretreatment level of endotoxin decreased significantly from 80pg/ml to 21pg/ml on average 2 hours after the hemoperfusion. The hyperdynamic status in the cardiac index and the decreased systemic vascular resistance, which are characteristic to endotoxin shock, were normalized after the treatment. In septic shock patients with systolic pressure under 10mmHg, the systolic pressure increased significantly from pretreatment level. Nine of the sixteen patients remained alive for two weeks after the therapy, and seven out of the nine patients discharged alive. Hemoperfusion with PMX is likely to become an effective treatment for sepsis and septic shock.

Endotoxins↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of the combination of chemotherapy with etoposide, adriamycin and cisplatin (EAP) in advanced or recurrent gastric cancer].

EAP therapy was performed on 30 cases of advanced or recurrent gastric cancer between September 1987 and July 1991. The clinical responses of 15 trial patients were evaluated. The overall response rate was 40.0% (CR, one case; PR 5 cases). The results were thus not as favorable as that reported by Preusser et al. On the contrary, with such a poor response rate, this treatment did not lead to a prolonged life span (mean survival time; 5.6 months, median survival time; 4 months). Side effects, such as myelosuppression, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and alopecia, were also observed. Myelosuppression was a dose-limiting factor. The rhG-CSF proved in 4 cases to be a clinically useful tool against the neutropenia induced by this treatment. It may be concluded that EAP should be given to the following selected patients: (1) those whose condition is not so far advanced: (2) those who have not received many other forms of treatment; and (3) those in excellent general physical condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Influence of fibril length upon ePTFE graft healing and host modification of the implant.

Influence of fibril length (porosity) upon synthetic vascular graft healing has not been investigated in detail. The purpose of this study was to determine the dependence of neoendothelial healing, cellular response, and biocompatibility on the fibril length of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts with an internal diameter of 1.5 mm. ePTFE grafts of different fibril length, 20, 40, 60, and 90 microns, were implanted into the abdominal aorta of rats (n = 5 for each group). After 5 weeks, the implants were harvested and examined for neointimal and pseudointimal coverage by light microscopy and SEM. The hydroxyproline content of the implants was measured, and the distribution of collagen types was examined. The neointimal and pseudointimal coverage was related to the fibril length, and the neoendothelial healing was better on 60-microns and 90-microns grafts than on 20-microns and 40-microns grafts. The amount of hydroxyproline was also related to the fibril length, however, no significant difference could be observed between 60-microns and 90-microns grafts. Collagen types I and III were almost identically located in the middle portion of the implants. Our results demonstrate that the fibril length of ePTFE grafts affected neoendothelial healing and its affinity to collagen.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Porous polyurethane vascular prostheses with variable compliances.

A new technique for the preparation of porous vascular prostheses was investigated. Polyurethane solution (5 to 15 wt%) was injected into a mold. After freezing at low temperature (0 degrees C-196 degrees C), solvents were dissolved out with water at 0 degrees C to form porous tubes. The average pore size (several microns to 70 microns), pore occupation (10% to 51%), and compliance (3% to 35%) were easily changed by changing polyurethane concentration, freezing temperature, and freezing methods. Compliances could be decreased gradually by heat treatment. This technique can give a proper pore size (30-60 microns) for tissue ingrowth, and a suitable compliance for matching with arteries and veins. This method might give a desired compliant graft for artificial implantation with the presently valid medical polymers.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
PubMed1992

A new method for determination of urinary citrate.

We have developed a new assay technique using high-performance liquid chromatography. The assay was performed at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min, a temperature of 60 degrees C and an ultraviolet absorption of 214 nm. Comparison of the results of the new assay with the results obtained for identical samples using the conventional fluorometric method demonstrated a very high correlation coefficient of 0.931.

Adult↗