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Biomedical subjects

M Koda

Publications and source records attributed to M Koda.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Clinical and histopathological studies in children with supraventricular tachycardia.

To determine whether myocardial changes in patients with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) are primary or secondary to persistent tachycardia, 11 patients with SVT were studied. These patients were divided into 2 groups with respect to the type of SVT. Group I consisted of 5 patients with incessant SVT and one with multifocal atrial tachycardia, while group II consisted of 4 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and one with short-run supraventricular premature contraction. All of the patients underwent electrophysiological study and endomyocardial biopsy from the right ventricle following routine cardiac catheterization. In group II, there were no significant abnormalities in the clinical and hemodynamic parameters. In group I, 3 patients had clinical features of dilated cardiomyopathy including abnormal ECG, chest X-ray and hypokinesis on left ventriculography. Induction and termination of SVT were possible in 2 patients in group I and in 4 of the 5 patients in group II. The only significant histologic difference between group I and group II was fibrosis. A high incidence of histopathological abnormalities, such as hypertrophy, degeneration, interstitial fibrosis and disarray was observed in both groups. The incidence of significant pathology was higher in group I than in group II. Almost all of the patients were given antiarrhythmic drugs. One patient underwent a successful surgical procedure and normal cardiac function returned after resection of the foci of the right atrium. Our present results suggest that patients with SVT who have incessant or recurrent SVT should undergo not only intracardiac electrophysiologic study but also endomyocardial biopsy for the evaluation of myocardial damage, since SVT might be the initial sign of cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Effects of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and DEX on IL-1 beta and IL-6 production by IL-1 beta stimulated synovial culture cells].

UNLABELLED: To investigate the effects of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and DEX on production of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, synovial cells were observed after IL-1 beta administration in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Synovial tissue was obtained aseptically from 8 rheumatoid arthritis patients during joint surgery. The dissected tissue was treated with collagenase and adherent cells were passaged before using as samples. They were stimulated with IL-1 beta (1 ng/ml) and cultured with DMARDs and DEX in serum-free media. After 24 hours' incubation, the production of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the supernatants was measured. RESULTS: DEX inhibited the production of IL-6. GST inhibited the production of IL-1 beta and IL-6. CONCLUSION: DEX and GST may modulate the disease activity by inhibiting the cytokine production from synovial cells.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1995

Selective induction of IgM rheumatoid factors by CD14+ monocyte-lineage cells generated from bone marrow of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the capacity of CD14+ monocyte-lineage cells induced from bone marrow of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to stimulate the production of IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF), in order to explore the functional abnormalities of CD14+ cells and gain insight into the mechanism of selective synthesis of IgM-RF in RA. METHODS: CD14+ cells were induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulation of CD14- cells purified from bone marrow cells obtained from 6 RA patients and 6 osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The production of IgM and IgM-RF was induced by stimulating B cells from normal healthy individuals with immobilized anti-CD3-activated autologous CD4+ T cells. The effects of CD14+ cells on the proportion of IgM-RF to total IgM produced by the normal B cells were assessed. RESULTS: CD14+ cells induced by GM-CSF stimulation of bone marrow CD14- cells from the 6 RA patients significantly enhanced the proportion of IgM-RF to total IgM produced by anti-CD3-activated CD4+ T cell-stimulated normal B cells (P < 0.05), whereas GM-CSF-induced CD14+ cells from the bone marrow of the 6 OA patients did not significantly affect IgM-RF production. CD14+ cells induced by GM-CSF obtained from different sites in the same RA patient on different occasions consistently enhanced the proportion of IgM-RF to IgM produced by B cells from different normal subjects. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that abnormal CD14+ monocytes stimulate RF-producing B cells to be ready to be activated by the signals delivered through noncognate T-B interactions with anti-CD3-activated T helper cells. Moreover, the data suggest that the accelerated generation of such functionally abnormal CD14+ cells from bone marrow precursors might play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Serum markers for connective tissue turnover in patients with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C: a comparative analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical and pathological differences between chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C have now been established. METHODS: To compare hepatic connective tissue metabolism in chronic hepatitis B and C, we determined serum levels of prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta-subunit, procollagen III aminoterminal peptide, type IV collagen 7S domain, the central helix region of type IV collagen, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, and hyaluronan in 55 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 83 patients with chronic hepatitis C. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the above markers for connective tissue turnover between the chronic hepatitis B group and the chronic hepatitis C group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the accelerated connective tissue metabolism observed in chronic viral hepatitis is independent of the causative virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of bathing in hot water on portal hemodynamics in healthy subjects and in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis.

Bathing in hot water induces vasodilatation of the peripheral vessels and alteration of blood distribution. Using a Doppler flowmeter, we evaluated the effect of bathing in hot water on portal hemodynamics. Eight controls and 8 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis remained immersed in hot water at 42 degrees C for 5 minutes. Portal flow significantly decreased from 811 +/- 141 (ml/min) at the baseline to 530 +/- 98 in the controls and from 855 +/- 308 to 642 +/- 208 in cirrhotics immediately after bathing. This decrease (25%) in cirrhotics was significantly less than that (35%) in controls because vessel diameter did not decrease as rapidly as it did in controls. Portal flow after 30 minutes returned to the baseline values in controls but remained low in cirrhotics. These findings suggest that cirrhotics have a lower hemodynamic response to bathing in hot water compared with that in controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Serum type III procollagen peptide, type IV collagen 7S domain, central triple-helix of type IV collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in patients with chronic viral liver disease: relationship to liver histology.

To assess the clinical value of serum biochemical markers, the aminoterminal peptide of type III procollagen, type IV collagen 7S domain, the central triple-helix of type IV collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, as a marker of hepatic fibrosis, we measured these four serum markers in 132 patients with chronic viral liver disease and compared these serum markers with liver histological findings. Serum levels of these markers increased closely with the progress of liver disease, and the abnormal percentages of type III procollagen peptide, type IV collagen 7S domain, central triple-helix of type IV collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in patients with cirrhosis were 97%, 95%, 83% and 48%, respectively. These four serum markers strongly correlated with the histological degree of periportal with or without bridging hepatocellular necrosis and of liver fibrosis and correlated weakly with the degree of intralobular degeneration and focal necrosis and the degree of portal inflammation. The correlation coefficients of serum type IV collagen 7S domain with periportal with or without bridging hepatocellular necrosis and with liver fibrosis were the highest among these four serum markers, suggesting that serum type IV collagen 7S domain is the most valuable diagnostic marker to assess the degree of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver disease. When we assessed the ability of each serum marker to detect cirrhosis with a receiver operating curve, the best test was type IV collagen 7S domain, and the second best was type III procollagen peptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The relationship between the hair cycle and the age or daily body weight gain in rabbits.

The relationship between the hair cycle and the age or daily body weight gain (daily gain) in rabbits was investigated. A survey of the ages of rabbits used for the dermal toxicological studies in our laboratories over the last 4 years was done, followed by an experiment to confirm the results of the survey. Although there seemed to be no relationship between the hair cycle and the daily gain, the results showed that the hair cycle was closely related to the age of the animal, and the animals in the telogen stage may be obtained efficiently at about 17 wks of age.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Serum collagenase activity reflects the amount of liver collagenase in chronic carbon tetrachloride-treated rats.

To examine whether serum collagenase activity reflects the amount of collagenase activity in the fibrotic liver of rats, we simultaneously measured serum and hepatic collagenase activities in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Serum collagenase was measured after reactivation by denaturing and dissociating the inhibitors with potassium thiocyanate and aminophenylmercuric acetate, while hepatic collagenase was measured after the removal of plasma protein and activation with aminophenylmercuric acetate. Serum and hepatic collagenase activities increased in the carbon tetrachloride-treated rats with the progression of liver fibrosis, and both activities of collagenase were closely correlated each other. These results suggest that serum collagenase activity measured in these assay conditions could be used as a noninvasive marker for hepatic collagenolysis in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Dynamics of hepatic collagen synthesis and intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen during chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats.

To clarify the significance of intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen during the progression of hepatic fibrosis, we measured the intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the administration of CCl4, together with the measurement of collagen synthesis and serum prolyl hydroxylase concentration. Hepatic collagen synthesis and serum prolyl hydroxylase concentration did not change until 4 weeks after the CCl4 administration, but was increased significantly at 8 weeks. Intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen was significantly increased at 2 weeks, was unchanged at 4 weeks, and was significantly decreased at 8 weeks compared with the individual control. The percentage of the intracellular degradation relative to the total amount of collagen synthesis did not change at 2 and 4 weeks, but was significantly decreased at 8 weeks, compared with the controls. These results suggest that the intracellular degradation system may prevent an accumulation of collagen at the early stage of hepatic injury, whereas at the stage of hepatic fibrosis, the combination of an increase in collagen synthesis and a reduction of intracellular degradation may lead to a rapid accumulation of collagen.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Combination therapy with transcatheter arterial embolization and percutaneous ethanol injection for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

The effectiveness of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) combined with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) was investigated in 18 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and compared with 18 patients with HCC treated by TAE therapy alone. In both groups, patients had multiple lesions or a single lesion larger than 3 cm. The pretreatment characteristics of the patients in the two groups showed that serum bilirubin in the TAE-PEI group was significantly higher than that in the TAE-only group, but that the patients in the two groups were comparable in all other respects. The cumulative survival rate of the TAE-PEI group estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 100% for 10 months, 82% for 20 months, 53% for 30 months and 18% for 40 months, whereas that of the TAE-only group was 75% for 10 months, 50% for 20 months, 30% for 30 months and 30% for 40 months. The survival rate in the TAE-PEI group was significantly higher than that in the TAE group. Moreover, the survival rate of patients whose main tumor was 4 cm or larger, was significantly higher in the TAE-PEI group than that in the TAE-only group. The average survival period of these patients in the TAE-PEI group was five times as long as that in the TAE-only group. The survival rate of Child's B and C patients in the TAE-PEI group was significantly higher than that in the TAE-only group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

An anatomic study of the innervation of the wrist joint and Wilhelm's technique for denervation.

Innervation of the wrist joint has been clarified in this study by loupe dissection and histologic examination. The posterior interosseous nerve, the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the superficial branch of the radial nerve, and the dorsal branch and the perforating branches of the ulnar nerve innervate the wrist joint from the dorsal side. The anterior interosseous nerve, the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, and the deep branch and the main trunk of the ulnar nerve innervate it from the palmar side. The findings indicate that surgical denervation of most of the articular nerves of the wrist joint is possible with the use of Wilhelm's procedure, but denervation of the palmar side of the intercarpal and carpometacarpal joints, which are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve, is not included in Wilhelm's technique.

Denervation↗
PubMed1993

Serum collagenase activity in patients with chronic liver disease.

To examine the clinical significance of serum collagenase activity in chronic liver disease, serum collagenase activity was determined in 50 patients with chronic liver disease and in 24 healthy controls. Collagenase activity was measured after reactivation by denaturing and dissociating the inhibitors with potassium thiocyanate and aminophenylmercuric acetate. In patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, serum collagenase activity was 37% lower than controls, 50% lower in those with chronic active hepatitis, 66% lower in those with cirrhosis and 68% lower in those with hepatocellular carcinoma. Serum collagenase activity was significantly and inversely correlated with serum levels of the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen and type IV collagen 7S domain, indicating that serum collagenase activity decreased as liver active fibrogenesis and/or fibrosis occurred. In contrast, serum levels of the metalloproteinase inhibitor was 30% higher than controls in patients with chronic active hepatitis, 50% higher in those with cirrhosis and 80% higher in those with hepatocellular carcinoma and was inversely correlated with serum collagenase activity. These results suggest that in this assay condition serum collagenase activity is influenced by the metallo-proteinase tissue inhibitor and thus does not reflect the amount of collagenase in the fibrotic liver.

Adult↗