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Biomedical subjects

M Knuuttila

Publications and source records attributed to M Knuuttila.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Comparison of the effect of gluconate, lactose, and xylitol on bone recalcification in calcium-deficient rats.

The therapeutic value of three calcium absorption promoting carbohydrates, lactose, gluconate and xylitol, in bone calcification was evaluated in 7-week-old male rats which were fed on a semisynthetic Ca-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Lactose + CaCO3, xylitol + CaCO3, Ca-gluconate, or CaCO3 alone were administered to the Ca-deficient rats for 2 weeks; the carbohydrate and Ca contents of the diets were 5% and 0.5%, respectively. The Ca-deficient rats showed a decrease in serum total Ca and ionized Ca2+ and in tibial Ca, Mg, P and density, with a concomitant increase in bone hydroxyproline concentration. Bone and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activities were increased 2-fold and the serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level 5-fold. Smaller increases were found in serum calcitonin, PTH, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels. These changes (except calcitonin) were reversed by the administration of Ca and the carbohydrates. It was observed that all three agents improved the recalcification of bones compared with the effect of CaCO3 alone. The effect of lactose and xylitol was superior to that of gluconate. These results suggest advantages in the use of xylitol in Ca-supplements.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Alterations in rat bone composition related to polyol supplementation of the diet.

The effect of dietary supplements of xylitol, sorbitol and glucose on bone composition was studied in rats. The supplementation, expressed as a % of the dry diet, was gradually increased up to 20% over 3 weeks and continued for 5 weeks. The control group was fed a stock diet only. Each group consisted of nine rats aged 12 weeks at the beginning of the experiment. Ca, Mg, P, CO3 and citrate were analysed from the femur and Ca and citrate also from the serum and urine. The results showed that xylitol supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of Ca and citrate in bone (P less than 0.001) and sorbitol that of Ca only, whereas glucose slightly reduced both CO3 and citrate. The citrate concentration was found to correlate significantly with Ca and P (P less than 0.001), and also with Mg (P less than 0.002). Both xylitol and sorbitol increased serum Ca and the urinary excretion of Ca and citrate. In conclusion, high xylitol or sorbitol supplementation affects Ca and citrate metabolism. The results suggest a connection between citrate and Ca in bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Verapamil-induced gingival overgrowth: a clinical, histologic, and biochemic approach.

Verapamil-induced overgrowth was most prominent in the anterior regions and interproximal areas associated with plaque retention. Despite periodontal therapy, overgrowths recurred 1 month after gingivectomy. Discontinuation of the drug resulted in regression of the overgrowths. Histologic findings showed inflamed connective tissue covered by an acanthotic, thickened oral epithelium with long rete pegs containing dyskeratotic pearls. The proliferation rate and protein and collagen production of fibroblasts from the overgrowth sites were markedly lower than in the control cells cultured from healthy gingiva. Incubation of fibroblasts in the presence of verapamil reduced protein and collagen synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction among adults aged 25, 35, 50 and 65 years in Ostrobothnia, Finland.

The prevalence of objective signs and subjectively perceived symptoms of mandibular dysfunction were studied in a sample comprising 1600 subjects, 400 each aged 25, 35, 50 and 65 years. Eighty per cent of the subjects were examined clinically. The prevalence figures were higher among the females than among the males, and a slight tendency for higher frequencies of clinical signs was observed with increasing age. In view of the severity of clinical signs preference should be given for a total of 27% of the subjects when considering the need of treatment. The number of remaining teeth in subjects with natural teeth and no additional removable dentures had no marked influence on the prevalence of mandibular dysfunction, but subjects with complete dentures had signs and symptoms of dysfunction more often than those with natural dentition. The sex and age differences can partly be explained by the higher frequency of complete dentures in females than in males and in the older age groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Awareness of dental disorders and discrepancy between "objective" and "subjective" dental treatment needs.

A dental health survey including an interview, a questionnaire and a clinical examination was conducted among adults aged 25, 35, 50, and 65 yr in Ostrobothnia, Finland. A total of 1275 subjects, 80% of the sample, participated in the clinical examination. 40% of the subjects with at least one dentate sextant had noticed gingival bleeding, 16% gingival inflammation, 20% "gum disease", and 70% at least one decayed tooth. When objectively assessed, a total of 98% had a maximum CPITN code 1-4, 38% a maximum CPITN code 3-4 and 76% were deemed to be in need of fillings. Dentures were objectively non-acceptable in 64% of wearers and subjectively so in 42%. A need for replacing missing teeth was expressed by 14% of the total sample, whereas according to "objective" assessment, 23% had such a need. It is concluded that people tend to underestimate their dental treatment needs, the discrepancy being most distinct in the field of periodontology. Sufficient emphasis should thus be given to improving people's awareness and knowledge of their own dental disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Vascular and cellular responses to guanidino propyl piperazine CK0569A, a new anti-plaque agent.

Guanidino propyl piperazine CK0569A (abbreviation piperazine) used as a 0.1% mouthrinse has been shown to be effective against plaque bacteria. In addition to its efficacy as an antibacterial agent, its safety should be taken into consideration. In this study the effect of piperazine on the microcirculation of the hamster cheek pouch was studied. The effect of this drug was also investigated on rat leukocytes in vivo and on macrophages and erythrocytes in vitro. Piperazine caused a distinct retardation in the microcirculation of the hamster cheeck pouch even at a low concentration (0.01%), but the effect was abolished in 5 min. The number of leukocytes decreased markedly in the experimentally induced inflammatory exudate in the presence of 0.05% piperazine as compared to the controls. The macrophages in vitro released their lysosomal and cytoplasmic enzymes and lost their viability. The erythrocytes in vitro were destroyed in the presence of 0.005% piperazine as well. Based on these results it can be suggested that 0.005-0.05% piperazine under experimental conditions causes changes that indicate loss of cell viability.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Relation of diabetes control to periodontal pocketing and alveolar bone level.

The periodontal health status of 50 diabetic and 53 control subjects was examined. The diabetic group was further divided into three subgroups according to the control of diabetes. There were no significant differences between the whole diabetic group and the control group as regards the frequency of pockets and alveolar bone level. A comparison between the controls and the diabetic subgroups revealed that the well-controlled diabetic patients had better periodontal health than the controls. Within the diabetic group, the prevalence of pockets declined as the control of diabetes improved; the decrease in the number of pockets on bleeding surfaces and on surfaces containing subgingival calculus was statistically significant. Better periodontal health seems to be connected with good control of diabetes, indicating better resistance of periodontal connective tissue and alveolar bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effectiveness of children's habitual toothbrushing.

Individual toothbrushing habits are usually consistent. Frequency, pattern and duration are different aspects of the toothbrushing habit. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of habitual toothbrushing in children. The schoolchildren (n = 110) aged 13, were examined clinically before and after brushing their teeth in the habitual way; the brushing procedure was filmed without the children's knowledge. From the film, the pattern of brushing was assessed by three dentists, and the duration measured in seconds. Frequency of toothbrushing was assessed by postal questionnaire 2 months after the clinical examination. The examination included both photographed plaque and disclosed plaque diagnosed clinically. From the photographs, plaque was measured by computer planimeter as a % of plaque area and clinically by the oral debris index recommended by WHO. Subjects who had little plaque before toothbrushing were excluded from the analyses. Frequency seemed to affect plaque removal only in boys and only in the maxillary teeth. The pattern affected plaque removal in girls, but for boys, this aspect of toothbrushing affected only the left side of the jaws. Duration had produced the strongest effect on plaque removal. Therefore, duration of toothbrushing should be emphasized more in dental health education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Statistical evidence for the relation between citrate and carbonate in human cortical bone.

Bone specimens from the anterior iliac crest were collected post-mortem from 128 subjects whose death had been primarily caused by acute coronary disease or accidents. The cortical bone was separated and used for the following determinations: citrate by an enzymatic method, carbon dioxide by microdiffusion, chloride and phosphorus by spectrophotometry, fluoride by the ion-selective electrode technique, and Ca, Mg, Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The citrate concentration (+/- SD) was 10.9 +/- 3.1 mg/g (dry weight) and was not age-dependent. A statistically significant negative correlation was obtained between citrate and carbon dioxide, however, which was confirmed by regression analysis. The only statistically significant differences in carbon dioxide and fluoride concentrations between three citrate groups were obtained between the lowest group (3.2-8.7 mg/g) and the highest (13.1-16.8 mg/g). In conclusion an inverse relationship may suggest either an effect of citrate on the binding of carbonate to apatite structures, or that the carbonate concentration is dependent to a slight degree on citrate metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Relationships between carbonate, sex and other macroelements in human whole enamel.

Enamel samples were prepared from 40 teeth and CO3, P, F, Ca, Mg and Zn concentrations were determined. The carbonate concentration was higher in women than in men (P = 0.018), otherwise no sex dependence was found. Positive correlations were found between CO3 and Mg (P = 0.001). These relations should be taken into consideration when the solubility of enamel is studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Relation between control of diabetes and gingival bleeding.

The periodontal health status of 50 adult diabetics and 53 healthy controls was examined. The diabetic group was further divided into three subgroups according to the control of diabetes. Comparison between the entire diabetic group and the control group did not reveal any differences in either the amount of etiologic factors or in the degree of gingival changes. On the other hand when the subgroups of diabetic patients were examined, those with poorly controlled diabetes suffered significantly more from gingival bleeding than those with good or moderate control. The difference in the amount of gingival bleeding between diabetics with poor control and the control group was also statistically significant. The amount of etiologic factors, however, was similar in all the studied diabetic subgroups indicating an independent significance of the degree of control of diabetes. No correlation was found between duration, complications and medication of diabetes and gingival bleeding. The reason for increased bleeding in poorly controlled diabetics could be either inflammation or vascular changes in the gingiva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mg content of healthy and chronically diseased human cancellous bone in relation to age and some physical and chemical factors.

The magnesium (Mg) content of human cancellous bone was studied in relation to its elemental composition and mineral density. The material was collected from 138 cadavers consisting men and women of different ages. Duplicate specimens from anterior iliac crest (one macerated and one fixed with alcohol) were obtained from individuals who had died suddenly or whose deaths were due to chronic immobilizing diseases. The cation concentrations were analyzed with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, fluoride with the ion specific electrode, from macerated samples. The samples fixed in alcohol were used for determination of the mineral density with gamma rat attenuation. The mean Mg concentration (+/- SD) was 2.84 +/- 0.29 mg/g in the samples obtained from individuals who had died suddenly with no correlation with age. In the group with chronic diseases the mean Mg levels decreased slightly with increasing age. There was a significant, positive correlation between the Mg and Ca concentrations. In the linear regression analysis 16.4% of the variance of Mg concentration was accounted for by Ca. This relationship was more evident in men than in women. Only the postmenopausal women suffering from chronic diseases and having bone loss showed correlation between the bone Mg and Ca contents. The Mg/Ca ratio in men was quite constant and did not change significantly with age. In women the Mg/Ca ratio versus age showed no statistically significant relationship. The correlation between Mg and other elements was weak. The weak relationships between F and Zn to Mg clearly have no significant effect on the contents of these elements in bone.

Aging↗