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Biomedical subjects

M Knoblauch

Publications and source records attributed to M Knoblauch.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[X chromosome-linked mental retardation with fragile X chromosome and macro-orchidism].

Description of the first Swiss family with the new syndrome of X-linked mental retardation. The three brothers described are the first of all males traced back for four generations to be affected. In two of the brothers macroorchidism and the fragile X-chromosome were demonstrated, while the third brother died before diagnosis. As expected, the fragile X was not demonstrable in the 75-year-old mother of the three brothers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effects of glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and vasopressin on villous microcirculation and superior mesenteric artery blood flow of the rat.

The effects of the peptide hormones glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and vasopressin on the microcirculation of single jejunal villi were studied in anesthetized rats. By means of a recently developed in vivo video-microscopy technique, the red blood cell velocity (pretreatment value: 2.1 +/- 0.1 mm X s-1) and the diameter of the red blood cell column (5.5 +/- 0.2 micron) were measured in the villous arcade vessels. From these parameters, an index of blood flow was calculated in order to determine changes in response to intravenous infusions of the peptides. During the infusions of glucagon and vasopressin, simultaneous measurements were made of superior mesenteric artery blood flow and villous arcade flow. Glucagon (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) increased villous arcade flow markedly to 150.1 +/- 13.7% of control, while superior mesenteric artery flow remained unchanged. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) produced a dilation of the arcade vessel with a commensurate reduction of red cell velocity, leaving the flow index unaltered. Vasopressin (14.3 mU X kg-1 X min-1) was found to be a potent vasoconstrictor at the mucosal level, and since red cell velocity also decreased, villous flow was reduced substantially, paralleling a reduction of superior mesenteric artery flow. After the vasopressin infusion, a reactive hyperemia occurred in the villous arcades. No such increase in blood flow was observed in the superior mesenteric artery. From these findings, we conclude that the villous microvasculature is influenced by various hormones and, therefore, must occupy a prominent position in control of the circulation of the small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Legionnaires' disease in the Lake Zurich area. Report on 6 sporadic cases].

Six sporadic cases of Legionnaires' disease seen over 13 months in the region of Lake Zurich (Switzerland) are reported. The disease was severe in all cases; 2 patients died while on artificial respiration; 5 patients were heavy smokers; 3 had probably acquired the infection in France. These 6 patients showed the following typical symptoms and signs: fever above 39 degrees C (6 patients), nonproductive cough (4), gastrointestinal symptoms (4), encephalopathy (4), renal insufficiency (5), hepatic involvement (4), bilateral pneumonia (4), and pO2 below 60 mm Hg (4). The disease was diagnosed serologically in all cases and by staining and culturing Legionella pneumophila from lung tissue in one case. The authors propose to treat unusual cases of pneumonia with erythromycin from the outset.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

High incidence of extrapancreatic carcinoma in chronic pancreatitis.

In the prospective clinical long-term study of 246 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 26 patients (24 men) developed 27 histologically proved malignant tumors (11%). Four additional patients with neoplasia were excluded (papilloma, two; Bowen's disease of the tonsils, one; and seminoma, one, occurring 8 years before onset of pancreatitis). In six patients pancreatic cancer was diagnosed (2.4%), which indicates a slightly increased risk over the general population. Interestingly, 21 patients developed extrapancreatic cancer (8.5%), including a very high incidence that has not been noted previously. The cancers were located in the oral cavity (in six), larynx (three), bronchus (eight), and gastrointestinal tract (four). The data suggest a causal relationship between chronic pancreatitis and cancer. As possible factors, smoking, alcohol abuse, diabetes, malnutrition, immune deficiency, and high dietary fat intake are discussed. There is, however, no definite evidence for any single known factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Pseudocysts and retention cysts in acute and chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)].

42 cases of pancreatic cyst in acute (22 cases) pr chronic (20 cases) pancreatitis were seen between 1962 and 1976. Analysis of the case data revealed the following: (1) exact assignment of the cyst to acute or chronic pancreatitis is often possible only by long-term observation; (2) the cysts of chronic pancreatitis are not a uniform group: some (8 cases) apparently occurred in acute pancreatitis through necrotic episodes (pseudocysts), others (12 cases) by a retention mechanism; these "retention cysts" develop later in the course of chronic pancreatitis than the pseudocysts and produce a different clinical picture with better prognosis; (3) barium meal and retrograde cholangiopancreatography proved of diagnostic value' (4) if the cysts persist for more than six weeks operation is indicated because of the high incidence of complications.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

A double-blind trial of synthetic salmon calcitonin in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

A multicenter randomized double-blind trial on the use of synthetic salmon calcitonin (SCT) was carried out in 94 patients with acute pancreatitis. In addition to strict standard treatment--without aprotinin, atropine, or antacids--50 patients received daily 3 x 20 micrograms = 300 MRCU SCT intravenously and 44 patients received placebo for 6 days. Mortality rate was not influenced, overall mortality being 5.3%. The number of patients without pain and with normalized serum amylase on a given day was significantly higher in the group treated with SCT. Other parameters such as doses of analgesics, leukocyte count, and normalization of seven defined clinical and laboratory criteria within 6 days showed a positive trend without reaching significance.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative endoscopic, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies of the gastric mucosa in patients with chronic uremia].

Ten patients suffering from chronic uremia were selected for comparison studies of gastric mucosa. With endoscopy erosive gastritis was seen in the corpus and antrum of five patients and in the fundus of two patients. Conventional microscopy (nine patients) revealed chronic gastritis I three times in the fundus and five times in the corpus. Gastritis II was localized once in the corpus and twice in the antrum. Gastritis III was present in the antrum of four patients. Under the scanning electron microscope lesions of gastric mucosa were present in all ten cases. Single cell necrosis (A), mucosal defects involving basal membrane (B), destruction of tunica propria (C), and muscularis mucosae with bleeding (D) were seen. Mucosal lesions A and B are early stages of gastric erosions. The most severe lesions were seen in the antrum mucosa with all three methods.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1978

[Chlamydia peritonitis: a disease of young females].

Serological evidence of recent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was found in 9 of 11 young women with acute peritonitis or perihepatitis proved by laparoscopy. High antibody titres to chlamydiae without laboratory evidence of gonococcal infection were present in 5 of these 9 patients, while the other 4 had evidence of simultaneous gonococcal infection. C. trachomatis may play an important part in peritoneal inflammation previously attributed only to gonococci.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Therapy of Cronh's disease in the acute stage, using ornidazole (Tiberal). Preliminary results].

9 patients with acute exacerbations of Crohn's disease were treated over 2.5 months or longer with ornidazole (nitroimidazole). While 3 patients showed no response at all to 5 cycles of ornidazole treatment, 6 patients improved markedly within 2-3 months. In all but 1 patient, the improvement lasted during long-term therapy (average 9 months). Therapy was discontinued in 5 of these patients after 2.5-14 months; 2 patients had severe recurrences within 2-10 weeks, while 3 patients remained well during the follow-up (average 4.7 months). Ornidazole appears to be a promising alternative to steroid therapy in acute exacerbations of Crohn's disease and to deserve further evaluation by a double-blind study.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Chlamydia trachomatis as possible cause of peritonitis and perihepatitis in young women.

Of 11 young women with acute peritonitis proved by laparoscopy, seven of whom also had perihepatitis, nine had serological evidence of recent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis; In five of these nine patients high antibody titres to chlamydiae were found without laboratory evidence of gonococcal infection, while the other four had evidence of simultaneous gonococcal infection. C trachomatis may play an important part in peritoneal inflammation previously attributed only to gonococci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Pancreatitis following kidney transplantation].

Follow-up of 249 recipients of cadaver renal allografts revealed 14 cases of pancreatitis. The minimum follow-up time was 2 1/2 years and the maximum 12 1/2 years. In 9 patients acute pancreatitis occurred within 4 months, 5 died from hemorrhagic-necrotizing disease. Later, 2 lethal cases of abscess-forming pancreatitis, 1 benign acute and 2 chronic forms were observed. The mortality in post-transplant pancreatitis is 7 out of 14, which corresponds to 7% of all fatalities after transplantation. Many different factors contribute to the development of pancreatitis, the most important being steroid medication.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Ruptured pancreatic pseudocysts: diagnosis by endoscopy. Report of 3 cases.

Report on 3 cases of spontaneous perforation of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the stomach; presenting symptom was in each case an acute upper GI-bleeding. The pseudocyst was endoscopically seen as a well delineated, hemorrhagic protrusion into the stomach. After full perforation the spontaneous ostium had the appearance of a surgical anastomosis. High amylase concentration in the aspirate ave further diagnostic evidence. All 3 patients survived, 2 of them without surgery.

Adult↗