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Biomedical subjects

M Klein

Publications and source records attributed to M Klein.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Studies on the Fc gamma receptor of the murine macrophage-like cell line P388D1. II. Binding of human IgG subclass proteins and their proteolytic fragments.

Binding studies of human IgG proteins to murine P388D1 cells indicated that they bind to an apparently homogeneous Fc receptor population. The association constant was 0.89 x 10(6)M-1 at 22 degrees C and was comparable to the binding affinities of homologous murine IgG2a and IgG2b. The number of receptor sites was found to be approximately 6 x 10(5)/cell. Fc gamma 1 and Fc gamma 3 fragments bound with an affinity comparable to that of the parent proteins. The P388D1 receptors could discriminate between the human IgG subclasses; the relative cytophilic activity was IgG3 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG4 and IgG2 was devoid of binding activity. Fragments corresponding to the C gamma 2 and C gamma 3 domains of human IgG1 were both unable to bind to the P388D1 receptors either alone or in equimolar combination. This suggests that the cytophilic site may be formed cooperatively by interaction between the two domains. The integrity of the hinge region appeared to be essential for full expression of cytophilic activity since reduction of the hinge-region disulfides in both human IgG1 and its Fc fragment markedly decreased their binding affinity. In addition, a mutant IgG1 molecule lacking the hinge region was significantly less cytophilic than its normal counterpart.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Target-effector interaction in the natural killer cell system. IV. Modulation by cyclic nucleotides.

Dibutyryl cAMP (dB-cAMP) and the cAMP elevating agents, prostaglandin E1, theophylline, and histamine markedly suppressed NK cytolytic function in a dose- and rate-dependent manner. The inhibition was rapidly induced and persisted in the presence of the drugs. Separate pretreatment of targets and highly purified NK cells, isolated by a target binding and velocity sedimentation technique, revealed that PGE1 and dB-cAMP acted at the level of the effector cell in a short-term cytolytic assay. In contrast to the inhibitory effects of cAMP elevating agents, dB-cGMP and carbamylcholine caused a small but significant acceleration in the rate of lysis and could compete with inhibitory doses of dB-cAMP to reduce the level of suppression thereby suggesting that the cAMP-cGMP ratio might be important in NK-mediated lysis. Insulin had no effect on NK activity, whereas T cell-mediated cytolysis was augmented by insulin and cGMP if the effector cells were taken early after alloimmunization but not later. Neither cAMP- nor cGMP-elevating agents affected the frequency of NK-target cell conjugates. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that cyclic nucleotides may be involved in triggering the lytic event within NK cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The latex agglutination test in virus diagnostic: identification of poliomyelitis and coxsackie viruses.

We examined the practical value of the Latex agglutination test (LA test) in diagnostic virology. Viruses isolated from 125 specimens were identified in the LA test. All results were in agreement with those observed by a neutralization test. The LA test appears to be superior to conventional methods because of its easy handling and a rapid and reliable identification.

Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral↗
PubMed1979

[The use of a chondro-metallic prosthesis when the ossicular chain is destroyed (author's transl)].

The author describes a new prosthesis used in functional rehabilitation when the chain is destroyed. It consists of a tripod part in gold, anchored in the attic region with its foot resting on the plate of the stapes. This prosthesis is covered with a piece of autologous cartilage freshly removed from the tragus which forms the junction with the tympanic membrane or covering fascia. 60 cases are presented, some with a follow-up of 4 years. All of the patients were suffering from the sequelae of chronic otorrhoea, with varying degress of destruction of the chain and tympanic membrane, leaving a mobile plate. Functional rehabilitation in one stage was good in 66% of cases, poor in more than 8% of cases and nil in 25% of cases. Tolerance of the prosthesis was comparable to that of other metallic or plastic materials used in the middle ear. The plate of the stapes would appear to tolerate the prosthesis perfectly since no secondary labyrinthisation was seen. The author suggests the use of this chondro-metallic prosthesis was a reliable means of ensuring functional rehabilitation in the presence of a post-otitic empty middle ear.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1979

Croup.

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Croup↗
PubMed1979

[Interaction between intensive care patients; a comparison of different intensive care units (author's transl)].

A study was made of the extent and type of contact which patients of an intensive care unit established with each other. The information was obtained by interviewing 92 patients in 4 different types of intensive care units. In evaluating and interpreting the results special attention was paid to the possible influence of 10 patient-specific and disease-specific parameters. 81 per cent of the interviewed persons had established contact, mostly of a verbal nature, with their fellow patients. The majority appreciated the companionship and attached a positive value to the contacts made: communication with the other patients relieved the mental stress arising from their condition and detracted from their anxiety and tendency to brooding; on the other hand, they were also, to some extent, worried that too much excitement might adversely affect their condition. Encouraging talks by the medical team greatly helped towards reducing stress. Even severely ill persons who could no longer actively communicate felt happier in a multi-bed ward: they felt less isolated and more involved and therefore, psychically supported. The fact that the great majority of patients preferred multi-bed units to single rooms suggests that the former have a stabilizing effect, both physically and psychically - an aspect of intensive care that has so far been ignored.

Bed Occupancy↗
PubMed1979

[Influence of an unilateral anophthalmos on the ophthalmo-dynamography (author's transl)].

In 30 patients with unilateral postoperative anophthalmos, by means of the ophthalmodynamograph model ODG 22 (Boucke) a bilateral ophthalmodynamography (Hager) was performed. The systolic and diastolic pressure of the ophthalmic artery showed no significant difference between the sides without and with the eyeball. The pulsation volume was, however, on the side of anophthalmos (97.9 mm3 in average) slightly, but significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased than the opposite side (103.7 mm3).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Prospective evaluation of periodic breast examination programs: interval cases.

A mathematical model is developed and used to obtain estimates of the expected proportion of breast cancer cases which will be detected at scheduled examinations and between them in various periodic examination programs; the latter are called interval cases. Another model is used to get estimates of the proportion of women in such programs who get cancer and are expected to have axillary node metastases at the time of first treatment. Programs with or without patient self-examinations are also evaluated. The purpose of both models is to enable evaluations of different periodic schedules. Although interval cases have been reported to have poorer prognostic characteristics than those found at scheduled examinations, calculations indicate that large reductions in these cases do no imply an equivalent reduction in positive axillary node cases. Thus, interval case counts are a relatively weak measure of the success of a periodic program. However, they may still be valuable since programs which can be expected to have low porportions of interval cases are less dependent on efficient patient self-examinations. Cost-benefit calculations show how the relative costs of mammographic and physical examinations can be considered in the development of mass screening programs. For example, if a mammographic examinations cost three times as much as a physical, then a physical examination program may be preferred to one involving both modalities.

Axilla↗
PubMed1978

[Health and handicaps in the population older than 65 years of age in Basel and Bern].

A preliminary communication is made about an epidemiological survey concerning the habits and problems of the elderly in Switzerland. Special interest is given the aspects of health and competence in the activities of daily life. Data about self-rated health status as well as degree of restriction in the activities of daily life are presented. No sex differences were found in these two dimensions. When looking at the different age groups, perceived health does not vary with age, whereas the frequency of self-rated dependency is nearly eight times higher among those aged 85 + (55.5%) compared to those aged 65--74 (7.4%). Further analyses will test hypotheses about selective mortality, sex role and adaptation to different types of handicaps.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Course of coxsackie B antibodies during juvenile diabetes.

Sera of 83 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes of early onset were tested for latex agglutination-inhibiting antibodies to coxsackie virus types B1-B5. We could not find any evidence of a causal association between Coxsackie B virus infection and diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Primary adenocarcinoma of the upper oesophagus.

Adenocarcinoma of the upper one-third of the oesophagus is an uncommon entity. A review of the literature reveals 20 reported cases. This paper reports an additional case. The lesion may arise from oesophageal glands, foci of ectopic gastric mucosa, or a Barrett's oesophagus. In contrast with squamous cell carcinomas submucosal spread is not prominent; however, transverse penetration through the oesophageal wall is common. The prognosis is grave. Treatment modalities that have been employed include supportive care, surgery alone, pre-operative radiation therapy and surgery and radiation therapy alone. Survival statistics produced by these various regimens are similar. There is little documented evidence for the radioresponsiveness of primary adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. The case described demonstrates marked tumour regression following a course of external radiotherapy as shown by serial oesophagrams. Optimum treatment for adenocarcinoma of the upper oesophagus remains to be determined. It is felt that the role of radiation therapy should be further evaluated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

[Ultrasound diagnosis of mural infiltration of the intestinal tract (author's transl)].

Gastro-intestinal mural infiltration can be diagnosed by ultra sound from a typical pattern of echos. This consists of a strong central echo surrounded by a circular structureless margin which indicates thickening of the gut wall. In the present paper, the significance of this appearance is discussed with particular reference to the differential diagnosis. The phenomenon is an important diagnostic criterion where there is suspicion of the presence of malignancy as a result of radiological or endoscopic examination. This is particularly important in cases where the suspicion of malignancy cannot be confirmed by biopsy and histology. It is to be expected that the routine use of ultra sound, and paying attention to the above phenomenon, will lead to further diagnostic measures in difficult diagnostic cases, such as intensive radiological examination or endoscopy with biopsy. This will lead to more rapid and more economical diagnoses.

Adult↗