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Biomedical subjects

M Kjaer

Publications and source records attributed to M Kjaer.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The value of brain stem auditory, visual and somatosensory evoked potentials and blink reflexes in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

Cervical and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) following electrical stimulation of the median nerve and blink reflexes (BR) following electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve were recorded in 30 normal subjects aged 20-49 years. Subjects aged 40-49 had longer SEP latencies than subjects aged 20-39 years. A total of 29 slightly affected patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) aged 26-49 years, including four patients without clinical signs (suspected MS) and 19 patients with signs indicating only one lesion (possible MS) were examined by low-rate random-stimulated brain stem auditory (BAEP), checkerboard pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP), SEP and BR. Abnormal recordings by at least one of the examinations were found in all but three patients, and by all four tests in five patients. In patients with definite or probably MS, demonstration of clinically recognized or subclinical lesions was of minor diagnostic value, in contrast to the importance such findings had in patients with suspected or possible MS. Silent lesions were shown by at least one of the tests in the four suspected and in 13 of the possible MS patients, so these 17 patients could be transferred to a more certain diagnostic category. This reclassification was most often due to the BAEP recording. In patients with spinal signs, the combination of BAEP and VEP recording was sufficiently efficient. In patients with optic neuritis a combination of BAEP and SEP was preferred. No abnormal recordings were found in 15 normal subjects examined by all four tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Differences of latencies and amplitudes of brain stem evoked potentials in subgroups of a normal material.

Brain stem auditory evoked potentials have been recorded in 40 normal subjects aged 13--48 years, by stimulating monaurally with random stimulus interval. The male subjects have latencies of the waves III-VII, which are significantly longer than female subjects (P less than 0.0005), the elongation increasing from 0.09 to 0.44 msec from wave III to VII. The female subjects have amplitudes significantly higher than male subjects, although the variations are very wide. No difference in latencies from tall versus short subjects is found, as well as no significant difference in latencies between subgroups of older and younger subjects of the material. It is found necessary to have different normal values for the two sexes.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation and graduation of brain stem auditory evoked potentials in patients with neurological diseases.

Based on normative data from 40 subjects, criteria for evaluating brain stem auditory evoked potentials have been elaborated. This system contained six grades from normal to diffusely abnormal, and was used in evaluating recordings from 142 patients, including 38 patients with definite and 48 with probable and possible multiple sclerosis, 18 patients with brain stem infarctions, six patients with other organic brain stem lesions, six patients with a postcommotional syndrome and 26 patients without any brain stem involvement. A statistically significant difference was found between normal persons and patients without evidence of brain stem lesions versus patients with such evidence, as well as between subgroups of slightly and severely affected patients. The system was found useful as a way of describing recordings, in company groups of patients and in a follow up of a few patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Postoperative depression of lymphocyte transformation response to microbial antigens.

Cell mediated immunofunction, as expressed by total lymphocyte count, B and T cell count, in vitro blastogenic response to unspecific mitogens (phytohaemagglutinin and poke weed mitogen) and microbial antigens (Candida albicans, purified protein derivative, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), was assessed in 8 otherwise normal patients undergoing elective, uncomplicated gastric surgery. The results showed a significant depression in all parameters on the first and/or third postoperative day, except for the blastogenic response to unspecific mitogens, which was unchanged throughout the study. Compared with the preoperative value, the total lymphocyte count decreased by 48% with a similar fall in both T and B cells. The blastogenic response to C. Albicans, purified protein derivative, Staph. aureus and E. coli decreased by 45, 42, 75 and 76% respectively. When measured on the seventh and ninth postoperatively days all parameters had returned to preoperative levels. Thus, even during clinically uncomplicated surgery, significant cell mediated immunodepression can be demonstrated by the blastogenic response of peripheral lymphocytes to common microbial antigens. The results suggest that this phenomenon may be secondary to the disappearance of specific reactive lymphocytes from the peripheral blood following surgical trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Agarose microdroplet leucocyte migration technique for detection of cell-mediated hypersensitivity to PPD and renal carcinoma antigen.

The agarose microdroplet leucocyte migration technique is an in vitro technique for detection of cell-mediated hypersensitivity in man, using only 10-15% of the volume of blood required for other leucocyte migration techniques. The technique is described in detail and results are presented from migrations with leucocytes from hypernephroma patients and controls tested with hypernephroma extract and normal kidney extract, and from tuberculin-positive and tuberculin-negative persons tested with PPD.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Human leucocyte migration inhibition.

Within the last decade a variety of techniques have been developed and used for the detection of cell-mediated immunity in man by means of leucocyte migration inhibition in vitro. A detailed description of the leucocyte migration capillary tube technique (LMCT) and the leucocyte migration agarose technique (LMAT) is given. The procedure for selecting and using the proper antigen concentration is described. A description is also given of the indirect LMAT and the technique for determination of concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte release of leucocyte migration inhibition factor. Applications of these techniques are mainly intended for the exploration of the immunobiology of lymphocytes and cellular interactions associated with the immune response and the investigation of clinical conditions in man, i.e. infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, transplantation states, tumour diseases, contact hypersensitivity and immunological deficiency states. Selection and adaptation to suit the experimental aim is necessary to obtain optimal results with these techniques. Their usefulness may be increased through more extensive use of purified antigens and indirect assays.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1976

Comparison between the direct capillary tube leucocyte migration technique (LMCT) and the direct agarose leucocyte migration technique (LMAT) as indicators of tumour-directed cell-mediated hypersensitivity (TCMH) in patients with renal carcinoma.

A comparison was made between the direct capillary tube leucocyte migration technique (LMCT) and the direct agarose leucocyte migration technique (LMAT) using crude homogenates of tumour tissue as antigen in patients with renal carcinoma. A state of specifically altered reactivity of leucocytes from patients with renal carcinoma as compared with normal control persons towards allogeneic hypernephroma extracts could be detected in the LMCT but not in the LMAT. The reactivity in the LMCT was manifest at protein concentrations of 300 and 400 mug/ml. The study indicates that in contrast to the LMCT, the LMAT cannot be used for detection of TCMH towards allogeneic hypernephroma tissue extracts in patients with renal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

General immunocompetence and tumour-directed, cell-mediated hypersensitivity in vitro in patients with renal carcinoma.

Thirteen patients with renal carcinoma were examined for tumour-directed, cell-mediated hypersensitivity (TCMH) by means of the leucocyte migration technique, and for general immunocompetence (GIC) by means of quantitation of T- and B-cells in peripheral blood and studies of lymphocyte transformation in vitro using a panel of antigens and mitogens. Eight out of 13 patients had evidence of TCMH, six out of 13 had abnormal GIC. Any correlation between the presence of TCMH and normal/abnormal GIC was not found. There was a trend towards a positive correlation between the absence of distant metastases and evidence of TCMH. If both TCMH and GIC were considered, significant correlation between the presence of distant metastases, lack of TCMH and/or abnormal GIC was demonstrated. It is concluded that the defect TCMH usually found in patients with renal carcinoma and disseminated disease cannot be explained exclusively by defects in GIC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Discussion paper: tumor-directed cellular hypersensitivity detected by leucocyte migration in patients with renal carcinoma.

Leucocyte migration inhibition detected in vitro by the capillary tube technique (LMCT) has proved a useful tool for detection of tumor-specific cell-mediated hypersensitivity (TCMH) in man. Investigations in pateints with renal tumors are reported. It is shown that TCMH is a feature of hypernephroma in man, that the antigenic specificity is found in autologous as well as allogeneic tumor tissue and in fetal kidney tissue. The pattern of reactivity compared to postoperative survival and occurrence of metastases and postoperative clinical course shows a clear association between TCMH and tumor elimination. The capacity of hypernephroma patients to develop a cell-mediated immune response is generally not reduced. In allogeneic combinations, small noninvading tumors usually have a high antigenicity, whereas tumors with early dispersion show a low antigenicity. The development of TCMH and associated tumor elimination therefore may be depending preferably on the antigenicity of the tumor, less on the immune capacity of the tumor host.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). A prospective clinical trail in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Tests for circulating carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, in plasma were performed in 29 patients with colonic and rectal cancer, 37 patients with stomach cancer, and in 100 blood donors. Using 5.0 ng per ml as cut off, 48 per cent of the patients with colonic and rectal cancer and 32 per cent of the patients with stomach cancer had elevated CEA-values. The CEA-values could be correlated to the classification of tumours according to Dukes, with significantly elevated values in groups Dukes C and D. The test could reveal 39 per cent of the cases with operable colonic and rectal cancer and 26 per cent of the operable cases of stomach cancer. Five patients with colonic and rectal cancer, and 0 patients with stomach cancer fulfilled the requirements for monitoring. After periods of observation of up to 14 months, definite connection between CEA-values and clinical course could be demonstrated in 1/26 patients submitted to macroscopically radical operation. In 2/7 patients with stomach cancer the CEA-values were entirely misleading. It is concluded that the CEA-test in its present form cannot be recommended for routine employment in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Adult↗