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Biomedical subjects

M Kitayama

Publications and source records attributed to M Kitayama.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Purification and cDNA isolation of chloroplastic phosphoglycerate kinase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Chloroplastic phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) was purified to homogeneity from a soluble fraction of chloroplasts of a cell-wall-deficient mutant strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (cw-15) using ammonium sulfate fractionation, Reactive Blue-72 column chromatography, and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PGK activity was attributed to a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 42 kD. Relative purity and identity of the isolated enzyme was confirmed by N-terminal amino acid sequence determination. Antiserum against this enzyme was raised and a western blot analysis of whole-cell lysate from cw-15 cells using this anti-chloroplastic PGK serum detected a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 42 kD. The cDNA clone corresponding to the Chlamydomonas chloroplastic PGK was isolated from a Chlamydomonas cDNA expression library using the anti-PGK serum. The cDNA sequence was determined and apparently codes for the entire precursor peptide, which consists of 461 codons. The results from Southern and northern blot analyses suggest that the chloroplastic PGK gene exists as a single copy in the nuclear genome of C. reinhardtii and is expressed as a 1.8-kb transcript. The C. reinhardtii chloroplastic PGK cDNA has 71 and 66% homology with wheat chloroplastic PGK and spinach chloroplastic PGK, respectively. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, the chloroplastic PGK of C. reinhardtii has more similarity to plant PGKs than to other PGKs, having both prokaryotic and eukaryotic features.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Application of the crypt-isolation technique to flow-cytometric analysis of DNA content in colorectal neoplasms.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Conventional flow-cytometric analysis of colorectal tumor DNA content includes both tumor and stromal cell DNA. To improve the method, we evaluated the DNA content of purified epithelial cells using the crypt-isolation technique. METHODS: Normal and neoplastic crypts were isolated from fresh resected colorectum nonenzymatically. Isolated crypts were digested into single nuclei suspensions and examined by flow cytometry (FCM). Internal controls from normal crypts were used to define diploidy. The neoplastic nuclei in the same individual and mixtures of both normal and neoplastic nuclei in various ratios were analyzed. RESULTS: Tumors having both diploid and aneuploid stemlines were found more frequently than that reported using conventional FCM. Near-diploid DNA stemlines with DNA indices ranging between 0.90 and 1.10 were detectable. The cases of advanced cancer in which the DNA index was between 0.90 and 0.95 were associated significantly with Dukes' stage C. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported analysis of the DNA content of "pure" neoplastic colorectal epithelia using FCM. Multiploid and near-diploid stemlines were more accurately analyzed than that using conventional FCM.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Changes in rectal temperature during tympanoplasty under general anesthesia].

We measured rectal temperature of 35 patients who underwent tympanoplasty under various types of general anesthesia. They were allocated at random to three groups according to the types of general anesthesia; 10 patients of enflurane-N2O (enflurane group); 10 patients of neuroleptic anesthesia with droperidol, pentazocine-N2O (NLA group); 15 patients of total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine (DFK group). After the induction of anesthesia, their rectal temperature was continuously monitored with an electric thermometer of NEC San-ei throughout the surgical procedure. Increase in rectal temperature was observed in all three groups, and increase in DFK group was significant compared with other two groups. It is possible that the significant increase in rectal temperature in DFK group is supposedly due to normally maintained hypothalamic thermoregulatory function as well as direct surgical stimulation to central nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of pirenzepine on gastric secretion during anesthesia and surgery].

Effect of pirenzepine on gastric secretion during anesthesia and surgery was evaluated in 46 surgical patients ranged in age from 18 to 68 years. The patients underwent orthopedic, ophthalmic, ENT, plastic or non-abdominal general surgery under neuroleptanesthesia except two patients who had enflurane or isoflurane anesthesia. They received either pirenzepine 10 mg, 20 mg or the combination of pirenzepine 10 mg and famotidine 20 mg intravenously just before the induction of anesthesia. Volume and acidity of gastric juice were measured for 3 hours after the administration of these agents. Decrease in volume and acidity of gastric juice after pirenzepine 10 mg as well as after pirenzepine 20 mg continued for more than 3 hrs after the administration of the agents. Efficacy of the combination of pirenzepine and famotidine on gastric secretion was more prominent than that of pirenzepine alone in a double dose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical study on intraoperative hyperketonemia in non-diabetic surgical patients under general anesthesia].

We measured plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHBA) concentrations in 925 non-diabetic surgical patients who underwent various surgical procedures under various types of general anesthesia. Lactated Ringer's solution only was used as an intraoperative fluid. Among them, 46 patients (4.9%) developed high 3-OHBA levels of over 500 microM.l-1 during surgery. The causes of observed hyperketonemia would be surgical stress and preoperative fasting irrespective of 8 types of general anesthesia. Blood glucose, lactic acid, base excess and pH were not influenced by hyperketonemia. Prolonged recovery from anesthesia was not observed in any patients with hyperketonemia. Without any specific treatments, plasma 3-OHBA levels were unchanged or rather decreased in 70% of the patients whose 3-OHBA levels were over 500 microM. The results suggest that hyperketonemia below 500 microM.l-1 is not always disadvantageous in nondiabetic patients under general anesthesia.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl, and ketamine--18. Effect on peripheral circulation as judged by core-peripheral temperature gradient].

Effect of total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine (DFK) on peripheral circulation was studied by examining core-peripheral temperature gradient in twenty five patients who underwent abdominal surgery. A core temperature probe was attached on the forehead and peripheral probe on the palm of the hand of the side on which the blood pressure cuff was not applied. The temperature gradient was less than three degrees centigrade in 60% of the patients and the gradient was significantly less as compared with that of isoflurane anesthesia even at 300 minutes after the start of surgical operation. This advantage would have been caused by such factors as circulatory stimulating effect of ketamine, sympathetic blocking effect by droperidol and adequate postoperative analgesia by fentanyl and norketamine, a metabolite of ketamine. The results suggest that DFK would exert a beneficial effect on peripheral circulation, particularly during prolonged surgical procedures.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

[Excessive nitrous oxide exhalation by postoperative patients in the recovery room].

Expired nitrous oxide from patients in the recovery room is considered to be the major source of air pollution. We measured expired concentrations of nitrous oxide in three patients and three volunteers. After only 5 minute inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide, it took over 2 hours for exhaled N2O concentration to decrease to 25 ppm in volunteers and after 30 minute inhalation, it took over 4 hours. The patients inhaled 50% nitrous oxide for 60, 165, 150 minutes, respectively and all patients expired nitrous oxide, the concentrations of which exceed 100 ppm over 3 hours. As to the patient who inhaled nitrous oxide for 150 minutes, expired nitrous oxide over 25 ppm was detected 10 hours after the end of anesthesia, and it was 4 ppm even after 20 hours. Any personnel including anesthesiologists and nurses working in the operating room can be exposed to high concentrations of nitrous oxide exceeding the permissible limit of 25 ppm, whenever they take care closely of their patients. We do not have any effective measures to protect us from this kind of air pollution except employing total intravenous anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, pentazocine and ketamine].

Fifty patients underwent various surgical procedures including abdominal, orthopedic, plastic and gynecological operations under total intravenous anesthesia with ketamine, pentazocine and droperidol. Neither nitrous oxide, inhaled anesthetics nor narcotics such as fentanyl were administered to the patients. Intraoperative muscle relaxation was achieved with vecuronium and the patients were ventilated manually throughout the surgical procedures. Thirty percent of the patients developed hypertension and tachycardia, but they were easily overcome with administration of calcium ion channel blocker. Their peripheral circulation as well as urine output was well maintained. No adverse effects on the liver and kidney were observed post-operatively. Their post-operative sedation and analgesia were evaluated excellent. A few patients had strange dream as if they might have missed their way into the "pink" tunnel. The data above described suggest that this anesthetic method would deserve further detailed clinical study.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Application of propranolol to the keratinized oral mucosa: avoidance of first-pass elimination and the use of 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) as an absorption enhancer of bioadhesive film-dosage form.

The bioavailability of propranolol applied to the oral mucosa was examined in the hamster. The capacity of hamster cheek pouch, used as a model of keratinized oral mucosa, to metabolize propranolol in vitro is enormously lower than that of the liver. Significant amounts of propranolol absorbed from the small intestine were metabolized to naphthoxylactic acid and 4-hydroxypropranolol (4HP) during the passage through the intestinal wall, and then the greater portion of unchanged propranolol and almost all 4HP were subsequently metabolized by hepatic first-pass elimination in vivo. The systemic bioavailabilities of propranolol after the intra-small-intestinal loop and the intra-cheek-pouch administrations were 8.4% and 88.5%, respectively. The bioavailability of propranolol was improved further (to 97.1%) by a 1-h pretreatment of the cheek pouch with 5% 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone)-emulsion. Bioadhesive film-dosage forms of propranolol were prepared with hydroxypropylcellulose. Both the in vitro permeation and the in vivo absorption of propranolol across the cheek pouch were enhanced by the incorporation of Azone to the film-dosage form.

Absorption↗