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Biomedical subjects

M Kitahara

Publications and source records attributed to M Kitahara.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[A case of miliary tuberculosis presenting as fever and jaundice with hepatic failure looking like the course of fulminant hepatitis].

A 79-year-old male was admitted to the Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital with chief complaints of icterus and fever. A few weeks prior to admission, he developed fever and swelling of right side of the neck and was seen at a local hospital where an anti-inflammatory agent was prescribed. The fever subsided in a few days, but recurred together with development of icterus a few weeks later, precipitating this hospitalization. After admission, hepatic failure progressed rapidly, indicating a fulminant hepatitis. Renal failure also developed and he died. Autopsy revealed diffuse caseous necrosis with demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in the liver, as did in the spleen, kidney and bone marrow. This case epitomizes a subset of miliary tuberculosis in which the hepatic failure predominates the clinical presentation while lacking the ante-mortem chest X-ray features suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis and post-mortem macroscopic changes indicative of tuberculosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Pathogenesis of widened AP-SP complex in cases of cerebellopontine angle tumors.

Pathogenesis of widened AP-SP complexes often noted in electrocochleograms (ECochGs) in cases of cerebellopontine angle tumors remains unclear. As acoustic neuromas usually originate from the vestibular nerve, some changes in this nerve might be involved in producing the broadened waveform. Effects of lidocaine on the AP-SP complex were investigated in guinea pigs by injecting this compound into the root exit zone of the vestibular nerve, where the cochlear efferent fibers run together. The AP-SP complex in response to clicks and tone bursts was recorded at the bony wall of the scala vestibuli in the basal turn of the cochlea. Inactivation of the efferent cochlear fibers resulted in a marked widening of the waveform, independent of the interstimulus intervals (ISIs). This broad wave was composed of a DC shift which was quite similar to the envelope curve of the acoustic stimuli. Although the effect of activity of the efferent cochlear fibers on negative summating potential (SP) has not been reported in detail, the authors concluded that the broad waveform observed in ECochGs in cases with cerebellopontine angle tumors was caused by enhanced negative SP due to inactivation of efferent cochlear fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Immunologic abnormality in Menière's disease.

Patients with Meniere's disease were investigated for possible immunologic abnormalities. A total of 104 cases--55 bilateral and 49 unilateral--were examined. Immune activity was assessed using four types of immune parameters: (1) the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein levels (CRP); (2) serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, and IgA); (3) complement levels (C3, C4, and CH50); and (4) autoantibody levels (rheumatoid factor, anti-DNA antibody, and antinuclear antibody). Patients with severe immunologic abnormalities (16% of the bilateral cases and 2% of the unilateral cases) typically displayed bilateral severe hearing loss, bilateral decreased vestibular response, and excellent responsiveness to steroid treatment. As patients with bilateral involvement account for approximately 30% of all cases of Meniere's disease in Japan, immunologic involvement may be assumed in about 6% of the total. The severity of these patients' symptoms and their responsiveness to steroid treatment suggest that the possibility of immunologic involvement is well worth investigation in Meniere's disease.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Anti-atherogenic effect of NIP-200 on the experimental atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits].

The anti-atherogenic effect of NIP-200 3,5-dimethyl-4,6-diphenyl-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione ) was studied in experimental models of 1% cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed rabbits. Interference with growth of the animals did not occur in NIP-200-treated rabbits. NIP-200 had no effect on plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, free cholesterol and phospholipid during the entire experimental period. However, NIP-200 increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks, although the average rate of increase was not statistically significant. Percentage surface areas of atherosclerotic lesions on the aorta in NIP-200-treated rabbits (26 +/- 6%) was significantly lower than those in HCD-fed rabbits (48 +/- 8%) (P less than 0.05). Histological studies indicated that NIP-200 prevented intimal thickening, proliferation of elastic fibers and fatty necrosis. Thus, NIP-200 prevented the progression of atherosclerosis without affecting the serum TC. The above results suggest that the improvement of lipoprotein metabolism on the arterial wall and the prevention of migration and proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells may also be important factors in the progression of atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Prevention of stomatitis in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia using PVP-iodine (Isodine) gargle].

From November 1987 to October 1990, we investigated the efficacy of povidine iodine gargle solution (Isodine Gargle) for preventing stomatitis in 26 patients (19 males and 7 females; mean age 53.2 years) with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The patients were given a concentrated preparation of the gargle solution which they had to dilute 50 times, and were asked to use it 8 times/day for one year. Twenty patients (76.9%) frequently suffered from stomatitis despite the gargling. Therefore, in the second year they were instructed to use the gargle solution at a higher concentration (30-fold dilution). On the third year, they were asked to increase the frequency of gargling to 10 times/day; this resulted in a significant decrease in frequency of the episodes of stomatitis. Severe and painful stomatitis no longer occurred. Gargling with povidine iodine gargle solution was thus considered effective for preventing stomatitis in AML patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Bilateral aspects of Meniére's disease. Meniére's disease with bilateral fluctuant hearing loss.

Although bilateral involvement of Meniére's disease is serious enough to produce deafness in both ears, actually little attention has been directed to such involvement. Recently, several reports have been made concerning the bilateral aspects of this disease (1-8). However, lacking mutual agreeable diagnostic criteria for making these reports and differences in characteristics of patients with Meniére's disease among institutes makes it difficult to establish definitive interpretations. In 1988, the Vestibular Disorder Research Committee made a survey among 15 committee member institutes using the same diagnostic criteria of bilateral involvement of Meniére's disease. Based on the results obtained, in this paper, incidence and characteristics of bilateral cases in Meniére's disease will be discussed.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomographic findings around the vestibular aqueduct in Menière's disease.

High resolution transverse axial CT encompassing the lateral semicircular canal was used to study the visualization of the vestibular aqueduct and to measure the minimum distance between the posterior semicircular canal and the posterior petrous surface (P-P distance) in Meniere's disease and chronic otitis media. The results indicate that the development of the bone between the posterior semicircular canal and the posterior petrous surface, which usually contains the endolymphatic sac, is significantly poorer in affected ears than in nonaffected ears in unilateral Meniere's disease, and much poorer than in chronic otitis media.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Vestibulo-thalamic neurons give off descending axons to the spinal cord.

Vestibulo-thalamic (VT) neurons were physiologically studied in the anesthetized cat. Forty-seven VT neurons were recorded extracellularly. More than half of the VT neurons responded monosynaptically to vestibular nerve stimulation while the others responded polysynaptically. They were activated antidromically from one or two sites in the VPL. VPM, VL, VM, SG, and PO of the contralateral thalamus. Four fifths of the VT neurons were activated from the C1 segment of the spinal cord. Half of them were also activated from the C4 segment, but none were activated from the L5 segment. It is suggested that most VT neurons project descending axons to the cervical spinal cord. Axonal branching was shown by means of systematic microstimulation in the thalamus and the ventral horn in the C1 segment. The VT neurons were mainly located in the descending vestibular nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Frequency and role of apo E phenotype in familial hypercholesterolemia and non-familial hyperlipidemia in the Japanese.

The frequencies of the major apolipoprotein E(apo E) phenotypes in 65 normal, 426 hyperlipidemics, and 92 familial hypercholesterolemic Japanese subjects (FH) were studied, and features of hyperlipidemia compared between non-FH hyperlipidemia and FH. The frequencies of apo E phenotypes 3/3, 4/3, 3/2, 4/4 were almost the same in normal, non-FH hyperlipidemic, and FH subjects. The incidence of apo E7 was about 0.5% of total subjects. In type IV and V hyperlipidemias, incidence of E4/3 was higher than in any other hyperlipidemia. Incidence of E3/2 was also high in types III and V. In type II non-FH hyperlipidemia, incidence of E3/2 in type IIb was higher than in type IIa. VLDL-triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, apo C-II, apo C-III, and apo E levels were higher in E3/2 than in E3/3. But, in type IIa FH and type IIb FH, the incidence of E3/2 was the same, and lipid and apolipoprotein levels between 3/2 and 3/3 in FH were the same. These results indicate that allele epsilon 2 may be involved in the retention of VLDL or IDL, but not in FH.

Apolipoproteins E↗
PubMed1990

The in vivo anti-tumor effect of human recombinant interleukin-6.

Administration of recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) was found to induce in vivo generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against syngeneic transplantable erythroleukemia (FBL-3) in lymph node cells and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, 15 out of 16 C57BL/6 mice injected with 5 x 10(6) viable FBL-3 cells survived on day 100 when they were treated with 5 x 10(4) U of recombinant IL-6 three times a day on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 after the inoculation of tumor cells (the cure rate was 94%). Cured mice could reject the tumor cells rapidly after the re-inoculation of a large number of live FBL-3 cells. In contrast, all normal mice died of tumor development by day 10. In these cured mice, FBL-3-specific CD4-8+ CTL cells were found to be generated in PEC, spleen and lymph node cells by either in vivo or in vitro re-stimulation with FBL-3 cells, but lymphokine-activated killer cells never developed. The results suggested that the anti-tumor effect of IL-6 was mediated by in vivo induction of tumor-specific CTL.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Clinical factors relating to the positive glycerol test for Ménière's disease.

In order to investigate the clinical factors relating to positive glycerol tests, 51 patients with Ménière's disease were subjected to a complete battery of audiometric examinations, including the short increment sensitivity index, Bekesy, alternate binaural loudness balance, speech discrimination and pure-tone audiometry tests, both before and after glycerol ingestion. The correlation between positive glycerol tests and vestibular response, cochlear symptoms, age at onset and disease duration was investigated. High ratios of positive tests were obtained in the following categories of patients with Ménière's disease: elderly patients with vertiginous attacks; patients with high-level hearing loss; nystagmus patients, and patients with fluctuating hearing loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical and audiological characteristics of tonal and noise tinnitus.

A study was made of the clinical and audiological characteristics of tonal and noise tinnitus through a correlation of detailed patient interviews, comprehensive neurootological examination results, and clinical data on tinnitus type, frequency, loudness and bandwidth obtained with our newly developed tinnitus-measuring device. Of the 205 cases studied, 61% had noise tinnitus and 39% had tonal tinnitus. Higher incidences of noise tinnitus were discovered in patients aged over 50 years as well as in those with longer tinnitus histories and higher-level hearing losses; noise bandwidths in these patients also tended to be larger. Our data indicated that cases with noise tinnitus, especially those with wider bandwidths, tended to be associated with wide-range cochlear damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of anoxia on spontaneous discharges of the cochlear single unit in guinea pigs.

The present experiment examined the effect of anoxia on the spontaneous discharges of cochlear single units in guinea pigs; several additional animals were tested for the combined effect of anoxia and sodium salicylate. Following the induction of anoxia, initial increases in the number of spontaneous discharges were seen in 19 of the 34 cochlear single units tested. Neurons showing high frequencies during normal respiration tended toward increased rates of discharge during anoxia. In the 5 animals pretreated with sodium salicylate, remarkable increases in the spike rates were noted following the induction of anoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Bilateral endolymphatic hydrops in Menière's disease: review of temporal bone autopsies.

The wide range in incidence rates reported for bilateral Meniere's disease results mainly from the lack of established clinical criteria for bilaterality, and from follow-ups of varying duration. In order to help determine a reasonable bilateral involvement rate, we examined histologic reports of temporal bones with endolymphatic hydrops. We reviewed the literature on temporal bone autopsies from 1938 to 1988, and selected 72 cases for histologic examination. Of the 72 cases, 67 (93%) showed endolymphatic hydrops, 2 (2.8%) showed collapse, and 3 (4.2%) showed membranous labyrinths of normal appearance. Twenty of the 67 endolymphatic hydrops cases (29.9%) displayed bilateral involvement, suggesting a rate of bilaterality in Meniere's disease of approximately 30%.

Edema↗
PubMed1990

Effects of X-irradiation alone and in combination with ACNU on human glioblastoma cells in vitro.

The combined effects of x-irradiation and 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloro-ethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU) on multicellular glioblastoma A-7 spheroids were analyzed by means of cell survival and dose-response curves. The actual dose-response curve for small spheroids was almost identical to that estimated from the cell survival curve. It was strongly suggested that a small number of radiation-resistant cells, which were not detected in the cell survival curve, were present in large spheroids with central necrosis. The enhancing effect of ACNU was greater with large spheroids than with monolayer cells or small spheroids. A possible explanation for this is that ACNU is higher effective against the few radiation-resistant cells that may be present in larger spheroids.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1990

Membrane stabilizing effect of vitamin E: existence of a hydrogen bond between alpha-tocopherol and phospholipids in bilayer liposomes.

In order to elucidate the existence of a hydrogen bond between alpha-tocopherol and phospholipids in bilayer liposomes, the effects of the presence or absence of alpha-tocopherol or its acetate on either the permeability of liposomes to chromate ions or the fluidity of liposomes composed of the different kinds of lecithin [egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EPC), 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoylphosphatidylcholine (OPPC), or 1-O-oleyl-2-O-palmitoylphosphatidylcholine (OPPCE)] were examined. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the hydroxyl group of alpha-tocopherol is hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl group of a fatty acid ester in the phospholipids of bilayer liposomes in order to retain alpha-tocopherol molecule in the space close to the surface of membranes formed by the unsaturated fatty acid moiety of phospholipids.

Chromates↗