Biomedical subjects

M Kihara

Publications and source records attributed to M Kihara.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Spontaneous rupture of a parathyroid adenoma presenting as a massive cervical hemorrhage: report of a case.

We report an unusual case of spontaneous rupture of a parathyroid adenoma causing cervical hemorrhage. A 60-year-old woman presented to our hospital after the sudden development of extensive ecchymosis of her neck and upper anterior chest wall. Computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed a hematoma in the left retrotracheal space, and laboratory examinations revealed significant hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and a high level of intact parathyroid hormone. Primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed, but it was not until the hematoma had subsided, 4 months after her initial presentation, that a parathyroid adenoma was revealed by CT. An operation was performed, and a parathyroid adenoma with hemosiderin deposition was histologically diagnosed. Although this phenomenon is unusual, all endocrine surgeons should be well aware of the possibility of its occurrence.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activity of Castanopsis acuminatissima.

The methanol extracts of Castanopsis acuminatissima leaves, stem and root barks were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). Though all of the crude methanolic extracts and obtained fractions from them, showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, in most cases the activity was decreased on fractionation. None was active against tested moulds.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Antibacterial activity of Picrasma javanica.

The methanol extracts of Picrasma javanica, leaves, seeds, stem and root barks were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol). All obtained extracts and fractions showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, while none was active against the tested moulds.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activity of Harpullia ramiflora.

The methanol extracts of Harpullia ramiflora, leaves, flowers, stem and root barks were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). In respect to crude extracts, all fractions demonstrated broader spectrum and higher levels of antibacterial activity. The ethyl acetate fraction of the flowers exhibited the highest activity. No activity was shown against the tested moulds.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activity of Omalanthus nervosus.

The ethanol extracts of Omalanthus nervosus leaves, stem and root barks, were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). In respect to crude extracts, all fractions demonstrated broader spectrum and higher levels of antibacterial activity, ethyl acetate fractions being in all cases the more active. No fraction was active against tested moulds.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activity of Horsfieldia helwigii and Melia azedarach.

The methanol extracts of leaves, root and stem barks of Horsfieldia helwigii and Melia azedarach showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The activity was increased on fractionation (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate), particularly in the petrol fraction of the leaves of H. helwigii and dichlorometane fraction of the stem bark of M. azedarach. No activity was shown against tested moulds.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activity of Cassia alata.

The methanol extracts of leaves, flowers, stem and root barks of Cassia alata showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The activity was increased on fractionation (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate), the dichloromethane fraction of the flower extract being the most effective. No activity was shown against tested moulds.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activity of Clematis papuasica and Nauclea obversifolia.

The methanol extracts of Clematis papuasica leaves and stem bark and of Nauclea obversifolia leaves, stem and root barks showed awide spectrum of antibacterial activity which was increased on fractionation (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate), the ethyl acetate fractions being in all cases the most effective. None of the extractives was active against tested moulds.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Anti-microbial activity of Bidens pilosa, Bischofia javanica, Elmerillia papuana and Sigesbekia orientalis.

The ethanol extracts of Bidens pilosa (whole plant), Bischofia javanica (leaves), Elmerillia papuana (root bark) and Sigesbekia orientalis (whole plant) were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). The crude ethanolic extracts and all the obtained fractions showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, the ethyl acetate fractions and the petrol fraction of E. papuana being the most effective. No activity was observed against the tested moulds.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activity of Lithocarpus celebicus.

The methanol extracts of leaves, stem and root barks of Lithocarpus celebicus showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity which was increased on fractionation (petrol, dichloromethane, ethylacetate), particularly in the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem bark and petrol fraction of the root bark. None of the extractives was active against tested moulds.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activity of Psychotria microlabastra.

The methanol extracts of leaves, root and stem barks of Psychotria microlabastra showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, that was increased on fractionation (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate), particularly in the ethyl acetate fractions. None of the extractives showed activity against the tested moulds.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activity of Symplocos cochinensis.

The methanol extracts of leaves, root and stem barks of Symplocos cochinchinensis and their fractions obtained by partition (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate) were screened for antimicrobial activity. All the crude extracts and fractions showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, that was enhanced on fractionation. None of them showed activity against the tested moulds.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Failure of cortisone acetate therapy in 21-hydroxylase deficiency in early infancy.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric endocrinologists initially treat congenital adrenal hyperplasia with either cortisone acetate (CA) or hydrocortisone (HC). Despite high doses of CA, we noted that 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and corticotropin were not fully suppressed in serum from neonates with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) until they were 40- to 80-days-old. In contrast, serum concentrations of 17-OHP were suppressed immediately by oral treatment with HC. METHODS: We sought to understand the reason for this discrepancy. Serum cortisol (F), cortisone (E), and 17-OHP were measured by radioimmunoassay or high-performance liquid chromatography in seven neonates with 21-OHD and in 118 normal subjects. From the time of diagnosis, CA was administered to four of the neonates with 21-OHD, while HC was given to the other three. RESULTS: In normal subjects serum E concentrations were greater than F during the first 2 months after birth, whereas F concentrations exceeded E after 2 months of age. Although infants receiving CA initially were given a high dose, serum F concentrations were extremely low, while 17-OHP concentrations were high until about 2 months of age. Then serum F exceeded E, and 17-OHP became fully suppressed even though infants received only a moderate dose of CA. In contrast, HC administration successfully normalized serum 17-OHP in the neonatal period. With temporary switching of neonates from HC to CA, serum F concentrations immediately decreased and 17-OHP concentrations increased. CONCLUSION: Conversion of E to F may be limited during early infancy, adversely affecting treatment with CA. Cortisone acetate may be inappropriate as a glucocorticoid replacement during early infancy in patients with 21-OHD.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗

PubMed2001

Granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by all-trans retinoic acid.

We report the first case of granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Acute renal failure during treatment with ATRA has been previously reported as a part of an ATRA syndrome or a thrombotic complication of a hypercoagulable state. This case indicates an alternative mechanism of acute renal failure occurring during ATRA therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Intergenic suppression between the flagellar MS ring protein FliF of Salmonella and FlhA, a membrane component of its export apparatus.

The MS ring of the flagellar basal body of Salmonella is an integral membrane structure consisting of about 26 subunits of a 61-kDa protein, FliF. Out of many nonflagellate fliF mutants tested, three gave rise to intergenic suppressors in flagellar region II. The pseudorevertants swarmed, though poorly; this partial recovery of motile function was shown to be due to partial recovery of export function and flagellar assembly. The three parental mutants were all found to carry the same mutation, a six-base deletion corresponding to loss of Ala-174 and Ser-175 in the predicted periplasmic domain of the FliF protein. The 19 intergenic suppressors identified all lay in flhA, and they consisted of 10 independent examples at the nucleotide level or 9 at the amino acid level. Since two of the nine corresponded to different substitutions at the same amino acid position, only eight positions in the FlhA protein have given rise to suppressors. Thus, FliF-FlhA intergenic suppression is a fairly rare event. FlhA is a component of the flagellar protein export apparatus, with an integral membrane domain encompassing the N-terminal half of the sequence and a cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. All of the suppressing mutations lay within the integral membrane domain. These mutations, when placed in a wild-type fliF background, had no mutant phenotype. In the fliF mutant background, mutant FlhA was dominant, yielding a pseudorevertant phenotype. Wild-type FlhA did not exert significant negative dominance in the pseudorevertant background, indicating that it does not compete effectively with mutant FlhA for interaction with mutant FliF. Mutant FliF was partially dominant over wild-type FliF in both the wild-type and second-site FlhA backgrounds. Membrane fractionation experiments indicated that the fliF mutation, though preventing export, was mild enough to permit assembly of the MS ring itself, and also assembly of the cytoplasmic C ring onto the MS ring. The data from this study provide genetic support for a model in which at least the FlhA component of the export apparatus physically interacts with the MS ring within which it is housed.

Amino Acid Substitution↗

PubMed2001

Neurofibromatosis type 1 with basilar artery fusiform aneurysm manifesting Wallenberg's syndrome.

A case of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) manifesting Wallenberg's syndrome and fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery is reported. The patient suddenly developed dysarthria, walking difficulty and sensory disturbance. Neurological examination suggested Wallenberg's syndrome and MR imaging confirmed an ischemic lesion at the left lateral medulla oblongata. Cerebral angiography revealed a fusiform aneurysm at the middle portion of the basilar artery. However, there was no occlusive change in either the posterior inferior cerebellar artery or the vertebral artery. The clinical and radiological features are discussed together with a review of NF1 cases with intracranial aneurysms in the literature.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed2001

[Characteristics of heterosexually acquired AIDS in Japan. An inter-country comparison using AIDS Surveillance data].

OBJECTIVES: To identify epidemiological characteristics of heterosexually acquired AIDS in Japan, with emphasis on potential influence on future trends. METHODS: National AIDS Surveillance data in Japan were compared with those in the UK and US, where detailed information is available from well-established surveillance procedures. Data on AIDS cases diagnosed until the end of 1996, particularly those acquired heterosexually, were analyzed by year of diagnosis, gender and age group. RESULTS: The number of heterosexually acquired AIDS cases in Japan has continued to increase, while those in the UK and US leveled out or decreased recently. The increase during a two-year period after reaching a certain number of cases per year was found to be 2.3-fold in Japanese, 2.4-fold in UK whites and 5-fold in US whites. The male to female ratio (M/F) for heterosexually acquired AIDS was 6.3 among Japanese, while the ratio was 1.1 and 0.5 in the UK and US, respectively. The age distribution at AIDS diagnosis demonstrated a peak from 35 to 54 years of age among Japanese males, as compared to 30 to 34 among males in the UK and the US. No significant difference was apparent in the age distribution among females in the three countries. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively small number of AIDS cases in Japan is attributable to the late introduction of HIV and the limited chance of heterosexual transmission from homosexual/bisexual men and injecting drug users. In addition, transmission has probably most often occurred between middle-aged Japanese males and non-Japanese females. As there is a growing risk of HIV infection among Japanese females and young Japanese males, new prevention strategies targeting these groups are urgently required.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2001

Metabolic gene polymorphism frequencies in control populations.

Using the International Project on Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC) database containing information on over 15,000 control (noncancer) subjects, the allele and genotype frequencies for many of the more commonly studied metabolic genes (CYP1A1, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2, GSTP, and EPHX) in the human population were determined. Major and significant differences in these frequencies were observed between Caucasians (n = 12,525), Asians (n = 2,136), and Africans and African Americans (n = 996), and some, but much less, heterogeneity was observed within Caucasian populations from different countries. No differences in allele frequencies were seen by age, sex, or type of controls (hospital patients versus population controls). No examples of linkage disequilibrium between the different loci were detected based on comparison of observed and expected frequencies for combinations of specific alleles.

Black People↗