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Biomedical subjects

M Kido

Publications and source records attributed to M Kido.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Suicide and aging in Japan: an examination of treated elderly suicide attempters.

Although individuals aged 65 and over accounted for 12% of the total population of Japan in 1990, suicides in this age group consisted of 29% of all suicides. The elderly population of Japan is expected to grow rapidly to 24% of the total population by the year 2020, and suicide prevention for the elderly is an urgent mental health problem. Among a total of 1,216 elderly patients who were admitted to the Department of Psychiatry at Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital between April 1980 and March 1990, 50 were hospitalized immediately after suicide attempts in order to study their psychosociomedical problems. Because early diagnosis of depression and initiation of proper treatment are indispensable--even if patients do not show obvious depressive symptoms--those who develop persistent somatization and/or delirium should be considered highly suicidal and given special attention. With the cooperation of mental health professionals, it is necessary to educate general practitioners, the public, and the elderly themselves about characteristics of psychiatric disorders and various problems associated with aging. Further research on other elderly Japanese populations, as well as research that examines suicide completion, is needed to confirm the findings of the present study.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1995

Synthesis of 2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives and their inhibitory activity on the release of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) from platelets.

A search for potent inhibitors of release of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various circulatory disorders and arteriosclerosis, led us to 6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-5-tetrazolyl)butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (cilostazol) and 2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives having an azole group in the side chain. Many 2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives were synthesized and tested in vitro for the inhibitory activity in human platelets. 3,4-Dihydro-6-[3-(1-o-tolylimidazol-2-yl)sulfinylpropoxy]-2( 1H)-quinolinone (5k) was found to be one of the most potent inhibitors of 12-HETE release, being more potent than esculetin. In addition, the sulfoxide 5k showed in vivo inhibitory activity on platelet adhesion in rats. Since 5k is racemic, the enantiomers were prepared and their potencies were compared in vitro and in vivo. (S)-(+)-5k had the best pharmacological profile and was selected as a candidate drug for further development. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
PubMed1995

[A case of sarcoidosis with advanced cystic and fibrotic changes in a young patient].

A 29-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of exertional dyspnea and progressive eruption on the buttocks and the lower extremities. Chest roentgenograms and computed tomograms taken at that time revealed diffuse fibrotic changes accompanied by multiple cavities and bullae in the lungs. There were no signs of mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. A chest roentgenogram taken 7 years before admission showed no abnormalities. Serum ACE and lysozyme levels were high: 29.9 IU/l and 14.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. 67Ga scintigraphy showed diffuse uptake in both lung fields. The PPD skin test was negative, and repeated sputum smears and cultures were negative for pyogenic bacteria and acid-fast bacilli. Examination of transbronchial lung biopsy and skin biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis--they showed noncaseating epithelioid granulomas with giant cells and a negative reaction of the stain to acid-fast bacilli, which are compatible with sarcoidosis. The patient was given 30 mg/d of prednisone orally. The dyspnea and eruption were clearly alleviated, although there was little roentgenographic regression of cystic or fibrotic changes. There have been only a few reports of cystic and fibrotic changes early in the course of sarcoidosis. The cystic lesions in this case were probably secondary pulmonary cavities caused by the contracting and obstructive changes related to pulmonary fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Reduction of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,8-diones with baker's yeast.

Reduction of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,8-dione (1) and its homologues 2 and 3 with baker's yeast affords (1R,5S,8S)-8-hydroxybicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one (4) and its higher homologues 5 and 6 with ca 97% e.e. in 72-86% yields. The absolute configuration of 5 was confirmed by the X-ray crystallographic analysis of its camphanic ester 22.

Bridged Bicyclo Compounds↗
PubMed1994

Pharmacokinetic analysis of in vivo metabolism of amino acid or dipeptide conjugates of salicylic acid in rabbit intestinal microorganisms.

We analyzed the pharmacokinetics of salicylic acid (SA)-amino acid (alanine, glutamic acid, methionine, and tyrosine) or SA-dipeptide (glycylglycine) conjugates in rabbits, by using a model that takes into account the metabolism of prodrug to SA by intestinal microorganisms and, also, by model-independent analysis. The blood concentration profiles of these prodrugs and released SA following intracecal and oral administration to rabbits were obtained previously (Nakamura et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 44, 295-299, 1992; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 40, 2164-2168, 1992; Int. J. Pharm., 87, 59-66, 1992; J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 44, 713-716, 1992). First, the overall in vivo behavior was evaluated by statistical moment analysis. Next, the blood concentration profiles of prodrug and SA following intracecal and oral administration were simultaneously fitted to the above model. In general, good agreement was observed between fitted lines and experimental data for every prodrug, suggesting the validity of this model. The obtained parameters characterized the difference in the rate of metabolism and absorption among the prodrugs. Lower absorbability and enhanced hydrolysis rate of the prodrug lead to prolonged blood concentration of SA.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Effects of inhaled ceramic fibres on macrophage function of rat lungs.

To evaluate the biological effect of ceramic fibres on the clearance function of alveolar macrophages (AMs) morphological changes and phagocytic activity of AMs were assessed. Rats were exposed to respirable ceramic fibres with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 4.4 microns and a concentration of 20.1 mg/m3 in an exposure chamber. They were killed after one week (group A) and two weeks (group B) of exposure, and four weeks (group C) and 12 weeks (group D) after exposure for two weeks. The AMs recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from each test group were incubated with yeast and phagocytic activity was determined by counting the number of yeast cells in AMs. Morphological features of AMs were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and quantified according to morphological changes. Total cell counts in BAL fluid from exposed rats in group A were higher than in control rats. Phagocytic activity of exposed AMs in group B and C exceeded that of control AMs. Morphological changes of the exposed AMs in groups A, B, and C were greater than those of control AMs. These findings suggest that ceramic fibres induced the phagocytic activity and morphological changes in AMs, and that the clearance function of AMs was stimulated by the inhaled ceramic fibres.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Retention and clearance of inhaled ceramic fibres in rat lungs and development of a dissolution model.

Male Wistar rats were exposed to aluminium silicate ceramic fibres by inhalation to study pulmonary deposition, clearance, and dissolution of the fibres. Rats were killed at one day, one month, three months, and six months after the termination of exposure. After exposure, fibres greater than 50 microns in length were seen with a scanning electron microscope in the alveolar region of the lung. Fibres were recovered from the lungs with a low temperature ashing technique and their number, diameter, and length were measured by scanning electron microscopy. The number of fibres remaining in the lungs declined exponentially with time after exposure and their silicon content also fell. The geometric median diameter of fibres decreased linearly with time. By six months after exposure, the surface of fibres recovered from the lungs had an eroded appearance. The results suggest that ceramic fibres are physically cleared from the lung and that they show signs of dissolution. Finally, the results were used to develop a theoretical model of fibre dissolution that gives a satisfactory fit to the experimental data.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1994

Guinea pig asthma induced by red soft coral (Dendronephthya nipponica) inhalation.

Spiny lobster fishermen on the Pacific coast of Miyazaki Prefecture in Japan develop bronchial asthma due to occupational sensitization to red soft coral (Dendronephthya nipponica). To assess the role of sensitization in the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the relationship between bronchial responsiveness and bronchial inflammation, we established a guinea pig model of red soft coral induced asthma. Twenty-four guinea pigs were intramuscularly immunized with a priming dose of red soft coral, 5 OD280 (15 mg protein) per 0.5 ml, and 0.5 ml complete Freund's adjuvant on day 1. Booster doses were repeated on day 15. By day 43 all sensitized animals showed high hemagglutination titers against red soft coral conjugated sheep erythrocytes and high IgG1 titers by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. On day 43, the animals were challenged by inhalation of red soft coral extracts, 20 OD280 for 30 min. The respiratory resistance was monitored by the oscillation method. The respiratory resistance increased immediately upon inhalation in all sensitized animals and returned to baseline within 4 h. The bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine, measured 6 h after red soft coral inhalation in the sensitized animals when the respiratory resistance was returned to baseline, increased significantly (p < 0.05) as compared with the values measured 24 h before inhalation. The acetylcholine response measured 30 h later did not differ from preinhalation levels. There was a significant difference in the number of eosinophils (p < 0.001) in lamina propria and epithelium and of lymphocytes (p < 0.05) in the lamina propria 6 h after inhalation in the sensitized animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of cadherin-4 and cadherin-5 reveals new aspects of cadherins.

Several properties of cadherin-4 and cadherin-5 were characterized by using the cDNA transfection approach. The proteins of both cadherins had a relative molecular mass of about 130 kDa and were present at the cell periphery, especially at cell-cell contact sites. These cadherins were easily digested with trypsin, and Ca2+ protected cadherin-4, but not cadherin-5, from the digestion. In immunoprecipitation, cadherin-4 co-precipitated with two major proteins of 105 kDa and 95 kDa, respectively. The 105 kDa and the 95 kDa proteins are likely to correspond to alpha- and beta-catenins. Cadherin-5 co-precipitated with only one major protein of 95 kDa, but seems to associate with the 105 kDa protein. On the other hand, plakoglobin or gamma-catenin did not co-precipitate well with either cadherin-4 or cadherin-5 in immunoprecipitation, but plakoglobin also appears to associated weakly with these cadherins. Cadherin-4 transfectants aggregated within 30 minutes in a cell aggregation assay, but cadherin-5 transfectants did not aggregate under the same conditions. Furthermore, the transfectants of chimeric cadherin-4 with cadherin-5 cytoplasmic domain showed cell aggregation activity comparable to that of wild-type cadherin-4 transfectants, whereas the transfectants of chimeric cadherin-5 with cadherin-4 cytoplasmic domain did not show appreciable cell aggregation, suggesting that the extracellular domains of cadherins, in conjunction with their cytoplasmic domains, play an important role in cell aggregation activity. These results show that cadherin-4 is very similar to the classical cadherins, whereas cadherin-5 is functionally as well as structurally distinct from classical cadherins.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Clearance of inhaled ceramic fibers from rat lungs.

Deposition, clearance, retention, and durability of inhaled particles in lung are important factors for induction of pulmonary fibrosis or lung cancer. To study the deposition and clearance of aluminium silicate ceramic fibers from the lung, male Wistar rats were exposed to ceramic fibers, with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3.7 microns, for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. The average exposure concentration was 27.2 mg/m3 (SD 9.0). The rats were killed at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the end of exposure, and the fiber numbers and dimensions were measured with a scanning electron microscope. No significant difference in length of residual ceramic fibers in the lungs was found among the groups. The geometric mean diameter and number of ceramic fibers, however, decreased according to the clearance period. These findings suggest that the fibers were dissolved at their surface.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

[A case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: diagnostic utility of bronchoalveolar lavage and CT scan].

A 54-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of abnormal shadows on chest X-ray at annual checkup. She complained of dyspnea on exertion. Chest X-ray findings showed an increase in density at the bilateral lower lung fields and unclearness of the silhouette of the heart and the diaphragm. CT scan findings revealed irregular opacities of various density with many small cystic changes and air bronchograms and air bronchiolograms. The pulmonary function test showed restrictive ventilatory disturbance and reduced diffusing capacity. BALF findings revealed an increase in the total cell count, an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes and a decrease in the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio. TBLB specimen showed infiltration of mononuclear cells in alveolar septa and organizing exudate in alveolar ducts. These findings suggested a diagnosis of BOOP rather than IPF, and an open lung biopsy was performed. Open lung biopsy specimen showed obstructive bronchiolitis with polypoid granulation tissue and thickening of alveolar septa with infiltration of mononuclear cells, and she was diagnosed as having BOOP. She responded well to corticosteroid and is free from any abnormalities on chest X-ray, CT scan and pulmonary function test at present. Analysis of BALF and CT scan findings are useful for the differential diagnosis of BOOP and IPF.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1994

[A case of limited Wegener's granulomatosis with hemophilia A, complicated by empyema, bronchopleural fistula and herpes zoster during therapy].

A 36-year-old man with hemophilia A was admitted to hospital because of otalgia, hearing loss, nasal obstruction, nonproductive cough, and high fever. His laboratory data showed high-grade acute inflammatory reactions. His chest X-ray and CT films showed multiple cavitary masses in the right lower lung field. Bronchoscopy performed at our institution revealed bronchial nodules in the intermediate truncus, and BAL revealed increases in the neutrophils and an IgG index (BAL IgG/albumin divided by serum IgG/albumin). Biopsy specimens obtained from nasal mucosa showed epithelioid granulomas with Langerhans' giant cells and necrotizing vasculitis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were also positive, but no evidence of glomerulonephritis was observed. The diagnosis of limited Wegener's granulomatosis was thus made. He was treated with standard therapy (daily cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids), but within 1 month he had complications of empyema with herpes zoster, and bronchopleural fistula. The complications resolved with appropriate treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Two cases of complete transection of the thoracic aorta caused by blunt chest trauma].

Two patients with complete transection of the thoracic aorta, caused by blunt chest trauma, were survived after successful surgical repair. Only seven such cases are reported in the Japanese literature. The present cases were 52- and 28-year-old males injured in different accidents by rapid deceleration, both at collision with the rear of a parked trunk. The first case, on the fifth day of hospitalization, suddenly went into shock with severe thoracodorsal pain. The second case developed hemothorax soon after the accident. Both cases were diagnosed with angiography. The lesions were located in the upper portion of the descending aorta. The operations, performed on the 13th and 34th days after the respective accidents, combined median sternotomy with left thoracotomy through the 3rd intercostal space. The first case suffered complete transection of the aorta at the ductal ligament. In the second case, the intima and media of the descending aorta, at 8 cm below the branching of the left subclavian artery, were affected by complete transection. We operated with a V-A bypass of which cannulation was performed to right atrium and left femoral artery in the first case, and with an ascending aorta-left femoral artery bypass with a centrifugal pump in the second case. The lesions were repaired with 26 mm and 20 mm woven Dacron grafts, respectively. The patients have recovered sufficiently to do normal daily lives. In cases with circumferential transection of the thoracic aorta caused by blunt chest trauma, only those with pseudoaneurysm formation, who remain in a hemostatic state can be saved by surgery, We conclude that if the hemodynamic state is stable and blood pressure is strictly controlled in such cases, the elective operation can be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case report of the maze procedure with mitral valve replacement].

The maze procedure was performed simultaneously with mitral valve replacement for atrial fibrillation and mitral stenosis in a 66-year-old female. On the first postoperative day, the cardiac status deteriorated suddenly due to a very rapid heartbeat which was later diagnosed as a 1:1 AV conduction of atrial flutter. The atrial flutter responded to an injection of verapamil and changed to a 2:1 conduction. Although atrial flutter had continued until the thirteenth postoperative day, the heart achieved sinus rhythm on that day. Since then it has continued without any antiarrhythmic drugs except digitalis. It was difficult to make a diagnosis of the rapid heartbeat on the 12-lead ECG because P waves could not be seen clearly on the ECG. Recording the electrical cardiac status by using the temporal atrial pacing leads, which were placed during the operation, was helpful in diagnosing the heartbeat as atrial flutter. The electrophysiological examination eight weeks after the operation revealed that the sinus node function was normal and atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation could not be induced. The patient is well and in sinus rhythm 12 months after the operation.

Aged↗