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Biomedical subjects

M Kido

Publications and source records attributed to M Kido.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Glochidionolactones A-F: butenolide glucosides from leaves of Glochidion zeylanicum (GAERTN) A. JUSS.

From the leaves of Glochidion zeylanicum, six new butenolide glucoside, named glochidionolactones A-F, were isolated along with a known related compound, phyllanthurinolactone. The structures of glochidionolactones A-D and F were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic analyses. The absolute stereochemistry of glochidionolactone E was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed2000

Household size related to prevalence of smoking in women in Japan.

We investigated the relationship between the prevalence of smoking in females and various social factors, such as household size. Ten thousand and sixty-nine subjects over 20 years of age were randomly selected from the general population of Mie Prefecture. The results showed that the habit of smoking was significantly associated with household size in women (P< 0.01), but not in men. Regarding household size, current smoking rate of women aged 20-59 who live in three-generation household was lower than those who live in others. Therefore, the steady replacement of the traditional three-generation household by smaller households in Japan may lead to an increase in the number of young women who smoke.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Evolution of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas: CT findings correlated with histology and tumor doubling time.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the evolution of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas using CT findings and histologic classification related to tumor doubling time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 34 patients, each with an adenocarcinoma smaller than 3 cm. All patients underwent chest radiography and 10 of them had previously undergone CT more than 6 months before surgery. Tumor doubling time was estimated by examining sequential radiographs using the method originally described by Schwartz. Tumor growth was also observed by studying the changes on CT in the 10 patients who had previously undergone CT. The histologic classification (types A-F) was evaluated according to the criteria of Noguchi et al. RESULTS: Five (83%) of the six adenocarcinomas with tumor types A or B showed localized ground-glass opacity on high-resolution CT. All six tumors had a tumor doubling time of more than 1 year. Fifteen (71%) of the 21 tumors with type C showed partial ground-glass opacity mixed with localized solid attenuation on high-resolution CT. Ten (48%) of these 21 type C tumors had a tumor doubling time of more than 1 year. In types B and C, the solid component or the development of pleural indentation and vascular convergence increased during observation before surgery. All seven tumors with types D, E, and F showed mostly solid attenuation, and the tumor doubling time was less than 1 year in six (87%) of the seven tumors. CONCLUSION: Two main types of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma exist. The first type appears on CT as a localized ground-glass opacity with slow growth, and the other appears as a solid attenuation with rapid growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Pulmonary involvement in acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome)].

We encountered a 55-year-old man with pulmonary involvement in acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome). He had been treated with steroids for Sweet's syndrome for 2 years, and on September 17, 1998 presented with a cough and a fever of 38.9 degrees C. Physical examination revealed fine crackles at the bases of both lungs. Chest radiography and computed tomography demonstrated reticular and nodular infiltrates in both lungs. Treatment with a variety of antibiotic agents and an antifungal agent was not effective. Sputum culture was sterile and bronchial washings were negative for infectious pathogens. Transbronchial biopsy revealed a mild chronic interstitial infiltrate and an inflammatory exudate in bronchiolo-alveolar tissue. The pulmonary lesions and cutaneous lesions were resolved by intradermal injections of triamcinolone acetonide in addition to oral prednisolone. Although the apparent neutrophilic infiltrates cited by earlier reports were not observed in transbronchial biopsy specimens, the clinical course in this case suggested that our patient had Sweet's syndrome with pulmonary involvement.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

[Factors related to smoking behavior of nursing students revealed by a cohort study].

PURPOSE: Through a cohort study, changes in smoking behavior of nursing students and the factors related to their smoking behavior were examined. METHOD: Research through anonymous questionnaires concerning smoking behavior was conducted on nursing students in the first to third grades (as of 1997) at two vocational schools of nursing located in the Tokyo Metropolitan area. The same research was conducted in the same manner on the same subjects the following year. RESULTS: The smoking prevalence among nursing students of the first and second grades as of 1997 had increased by 10% in one year, and that of nursing students of the third grade (to graduate in 1998) had increased by 5%. The average degree of nicotine dependence of the subjects, who replied that they smoked every day in both surveys, increased from 4.25 to 5.00. As to factors related to smoking behavior, the smoking behavior of friends largely influenced that of the nursing students. CONCLUSIONS: Education to prevent nursing students from smoking should be started as soon as possible at vocational schools of nursing, because the research showed that more than 70% of the smokers had actually thought of quitting and that their views toward smoking influenced later smoking behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[A case of pulmonary fibrosis with many asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after exposure to asbestos and man-made mineral fibers].

We report a case of severe pulmonary fibrosis in a patient exposed to asbestos and other natural and man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) over a period of time. A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of progressive dyspnea and severe hypoxemia with hypercapnea. Mineral fibers recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) included a large number of asbestos bodies (116,000/ml). The cores of the asbestos fibers were crocidolite, and no vitreous fibers nor other kinds of man-made mineral fibers (MMMFs) were identified. To our knowledge, the number of asbestos bodies per ml of this patient's BALF is the greatest ever reported. Insufficient personal protection of the airways, high concentrations of inhaled fibers, co-exposure to cigarette smoke, and prolonged biopersistence of crocidolite asbestos fibers are presumed to be the causes of such severe asbestosis.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1999

Normal levels of serum glycoproteins maintained in beta-1, 4-galactosyltransferase I-knockout mice.

The galactose-mediated clearance of serum glycoproteins from the circulation was evaluated using beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta-1,4-GalT) I-knockout mice. Partial structural study of the oligosaccharides released from mouse serum glycoproteins revealed that 77.4% of the oligosaccharides from beta-1,4-GalT I(+/+) mouse contain galactose, while 7.7% of those from beta-1,4-GalT I(-/-) mouse were galactosylated. Under the conditions, no significant change in serum protein concentrations was observed between the normal and mutant mice. The results indicate that the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated system is not functioning in the clearance of endogenous serum glycoproteins.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Differential properties of the optical-isomers of pranidipine, a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel modulator.

Pranidipine is an optically-active 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel inhibitor. Certain enantiomeric pairs display opposite effects, i.e., inhibition and activation of the calcium channel while others exhibit the same qualitative actions. We investigated pranidipine, a new DHP, using a paradigm of vascular smooth muscle reactivity. In isolated rat aorta, depolarized with 80 mM KCl, both isomers of pranidipine caused a right-ward shift of the concentration-contraction curves for extracellular Ca2+. The apparent pA2, values of the S-isomer and R-isomer were 10.03 and 8.36, respectively, providing evidence that the calcium channel blocking action of the S-isomer was 50 times more potent than that of the R-isomer. Antihypertensive actions of these two isomers studied in pentobarbital-anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats, revealed that the S-isomer, at doses of 3-30 microg/kg i.v. decreased blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner, while the R-isomer had no effect on blood pressure at those doses. We conclude that the pair of enantiomers of pranidipine qualitatively display the same Ca2+ channel blocking action and that neither isomer exhibits Bay K 8644-like activation. Pranidipine may be useful in studies on the architecture of the DHP receptor 'pocket'.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Metastatic pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with peculiar radiographic features.

We report a case of a pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule with subsequent systemic spread, including histologically documented gingival metastasis. Chest radiography and computed tomography at initial evaluation showed a solitary 2 cm pulmonary nodule, associated with pleural indentation and vascular convergence. The tumor later spread systemically, including multiple pulmonary nodules, bilateral pleural effusions, and gingival swelling and erosion. A biopsy of the gingival lesion showed histologic features identical to that of the lung biopsy.

Fatal Outcome↗
PubMed1999

Combined effect of cigarette smoke and mineral fibers on the gene expression of cytokine mRNA.

To investigate which parameters are stimulated by mineral fibers and whether cigarette smoke enhanced a fiber-induced response, we examined the level of cytokine mRNA from alveolar macrophages (AMs) and lungs of rats exposed to mineral fibers and cigarette smoke in vivo. Male Wistar rats were given a single intratracheal instillation of 2 mg of Union Internationale Contre le Cancer chrysotile or refractory ceramic fiber (RF1). The animals then inhaled a side stream of smoke 5 days per week for 4 weeks. The expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), interleukin-1[alpha] (IL-1[alpha]), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (TNF[alpha]) mRNA from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated AMs and lungs of rats exposed to mineral fibers and/or cigarette smoke were assessed using semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Exposure only to cigarette smoke increased in IL-1[alpha] mRNA levels in AMs. Chrysotile stimulated the expression of IL-1[alpha], TNF[alpha], and IL-6 in AMs, and the expression of bFGF in lungs. RF1 resulted in increased expression of IL-1[alpha] and TNF[alpha] in AMs. Cigarette smoke stimulated the gene expression of iNOS in AMs and IL-6 and bFGF in lungs treated with chrysotile; IL-1[alpha] in AMs and bFGF in lungs did the same in lungs with RF1. Among these cytokines, message levels of IL-1[alpha], iNOS, and bFGF were increased in rats stimulated with mineral fibers, and the stimulating effects of mineral fibers were enhanced by cigarette smoke. Therefore, IL-1[alpha], iNOS, and bFGF would be the possible parameters of the lung remodeling induced by mineral fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of mineral fibers on the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric-oxide synthase in alveolar macrophages.

To determine which parameters are useful for the risk assessment of man-made mineral fibers (MMMFs), we examined the gene expression of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in mineral fiber-exposed alveolar macrophages (AMs). Male Wistar rats were intratracheally exposed to saline or mineral fibers suspended in saline (2 mg of crocidolite, chrysotile, alumina silicate refractory fiber (RF1) or potassium octatitanate whisker (TW)). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 4 weeks after the fiber-instillation, and the recovered AMs were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide for 2 or 6 hours. Expression of IL-1 alpha, TNF alpha, IL-6 and iNOS from AMs was observed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The levels of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 mRNA induced by mineral fiber exposure were greatest in AMs exposed to TW, crocidolite, chrysotile and RF1 in that order. However, both gene expression of iNOS and TNF alpha were not elevated in both crocidolite and TW exposure, despite their high pathological potential. These data suggested that IL-1 alpha and IL-6 may be useful indicators for the risk assessment of MMMFs.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1999

[Imipenem/cilastatin sodium and other beta-lactams for respiratory tract infections: clinical benefit and treatment days for cure].

Therapeutic efficacy and the treatment days for cure of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in treatment of pulmonary infections were prospectively determined in comparison with those of beta-lactams other than carbapenems mainly ceftazidime (CAZ) or sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ). The overall response rate was 84.9% (62/73) in the IPM/CS group and 74.7% (56/75) in the beta-lactam group, the difference not being significant. In the subjects having underlying respiratory diseases, the response rate was 91.1% (41/45) and 73.9% (34/46) in the IPM/CS and beta-lactam groups, respectively. In patients with infections secondary to chronic respiratory disease, the rate was 91.2% (31/34) in the former group and 66.7% (24/36) in the latter group, respectively. The differences were significant for both stratified analyses. The treatment days for cure judged by the attending physician were 12.9 +/- 0.6 days in the IPM/CS group, and 14.5 +/- 0.7 days in the beta-lactam group. The difference was not, however, significant. In patients with mild to moderate infections, the treatment days for cure was 12.0 +/- 0.6 days (n = 64) in the IPM/CS group and 14.3 +/- 0.7 days (n = 70) in the beta-lactam group. In patients with underlying respiratory disease, the treatment days for cure were 11.8 +/- 0.7 days (n = 45) and 14.7 +/- 0.9 days (n = 46) in the IPM/CS and beta-lactam groups, respectively. In patients with infections secondary to chronic respiratory disease, the days were 11.1 +/- 0.7 days (n = 34) and 14.7 +/- 1.1 days (n = 36), respectively. Thus, IPM/CS therapy significantly reduced the number of treatment days until cure. There was, however, no significant difference between the two therapy groups in treatment of the patients with severe infections, those without underlying respiratory disease, or those with pneumonia and/or lung abscess. The treatment days for cure were also assessed by the members of review committee taking into consideration of body temperature, leukocyte count, and C-reactive protein. As the result, it was 6.9 +/- 0.5 days in the IPM/ CS and 10.3 +/- 0.7 days in the beta-lactam groups; respectively, and the difference was significant. Time (days) until cure was also compared between the two groups using survival time analysis, confirming a more rapid response in the IPM/CS group. Although IPM/CS therapy was associated with a shorter response time as assessed by both the attending physicians and the review committee, there were considerable differences between the results of these judgements. Thus, the duration of treatment with injectable antibiotics requires reevaluation in the future. No significant differences were observed between the groups with respect to parameters indicating side effects and laboratory abnormalities. There were no severe symptoms or laboratory findings, and symptoms and changes in laboratory values, if any resolved during the course of therapy or after the withdrawal of treatment. In conclusion, IPM/CS seems to be very useful as first-line therapy for respiratory tract infections and for shortening the duration of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A case of 43-year-old fighter pilot with bronchial asthma.

A Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) fighter pilot with adult onset atopic bronchial asthma was successfully returned to flying status. This was against the common wisdom of most Japanese military flight surgeons. Bronchial asthma generally results in permanent disqualification from flying duties because of possible acute incapacitation during flight. This JASDF pilot was treated with inhaled medications, including beclomethasone, for 6 mo with suppression of all clinical symptoms. All medications were discontinued and the pilot was observed for another 7 mo before resumption of flying status. This aeromedical disposition was based on the thinking that his long asymptomatic period indicated bronchial inflammation was resolved, bronchial reactivity was improved, and thus the risk of exacerbation was reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Randomization of left-right asymmetry due to loss of nodal cilia generating leftward flow of extraembryonic fluid in mice lacking KIF3B motor protein.

Microtubule-dependent motor, murine KIF3B, was disrupted by gene targeting. The null mutants did not survive beyond midgestation, exhibiting growth retardation, pericardial sac ballooning, and neural tube disorganization. Prominently, the left-right asymmetry was randomized in the heart loop and the direction of embryonic turning. lefty-2 expression was either bilateral or absent. Furthermore, the node lacked monocilia while the basal bodies were present. Immunocytochemistry revealed KIF3B localization in wild-type nodal cilia. Video microscopy showed that these cilia were motile and generated a leftward flow. These data suggest that KIF3B is essential for the left-right determination through intraciliary transportation of materials for ciliogenesis of motile primary cilia that could produce a gradient of putative morphogen along the left-right axis in the node.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A case of pulmonary reaction with skin eruption showing a positive peripheral lymphocyte stimulation test result for ethambutol.

We report a case of an elderly male whose pulmonary reaction with skin eruption occurred in the initial phase of chemotherapy composed of isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol (EB). A peripheral lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) showed a positive reaction only to EB. The blood serum analysis of the patient when this reaction occurred revealed an elevated titer of antinuclear antibody. Computed tomography (CT) scan films of the chest when the pulmonary reaction occurred showed multifocal subpleural consolidations. There has been only one reported case of EB-induced pulmonary reaction and its clinical course was very similar to ours. However, LST results and computed tomography (CT) scan findings of the chest were not documented in that case.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Presence of polysialic acid and HNK-1 carbohydrate on brain glycoproteins from beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-knockout mice.

Polysialic acid and HNK-1 carbohydrate are expressed on Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc outer chains of N-linked sugar chain of neural cell recognition molecules at certain developmental stages and involved in neural tissue formation. Targeted inactivation of the mouse beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta-1,4-GalT) gene resulted in short life of the mice which supposedly do not have such carbohydrate antigens but have no defects in neural tissue formation. Analysis of the mutant mouse brain glycoproteins revealed that polysialic acid and HNK-1 carbohydrate are normally expressed in an age-dependent manner. In support of this, protein bands reacted with Ricinus communis agglutinin-I, which interacts with oligosaccharides terminated with the Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc group, and beta-1,4-GalT activity toward GlcNAc beta-S-pNP were detected in the mutant mouse brain, indicating that brain contains another functional beta-1,4-GalT important for the expression of the carbohydrate antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Molecular properties and chromosomal location of cadherin-8.

Cloning of rat cadherin-8 cDNA demonstrated two types of cDNAs. The overall structure of the protein defined by one type of the cDNA is essentially the same as that of classic cadherins, whereas the protein defined by the other type of cDNA ends near the N-terminus of the fifth repeat of the extracellular domain (EC5) and contains a short unique sequence at the C-terminus. The same truncated type of cDNA was also obtained from a human cDNA library. In Northern blot analysis of rat brain mRNA, a probe for EC5 detected multiple bands of about 3.5-4.3 knt, whereas a probe for the alternative form hybridized with a band of about 3.5 knt. Western blot experiments showed that an antibody against the extracellular domain of rat cadherin-8 stained a band of about 95 kDa and a faint band of about 130 kDa in rat brain extract. These results suggest that cadherin-8 is expressed in two forms, a complete form and a truncated form without a transmembrane domain or cytoplasmic domain, in brain. The complete form of cadherin-8 expressed in L cells was about 130 kDa in molecular mass and was located at the cell periphery, mainly at the cell-cell contact sites. However, we failed to express the truncated form in L cells. The transfectants of the complete form showed weak cell adhesion activity. The complete form of cadherin-8 was sensitive to trypsin digestion, and Ca2+ did not protect cadherin-8 from digestion, in contrast to the classic cadherins. The complete form of cadherin-8 coprecipitated with beta-catenin, but did not immunoprecipitate well with alpha-catenin or gamma-catenin. Cadherin-8, as well as cadherin-11, was mapped to a specific region of chromosome 8 that also includes cadherins-1, -3, and -5.

Amino Acid Sequence↗