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Biomedical subjects

M Khan

Publications and source records attributed to M Khan.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Sexual abuse of young children.

For an 18-month period, all sexual abuse cases were referred to a project social worker. From her initial interview and the medical records, data were analyzed for 113 children who were 12 years of age or younger. It was found that half were five years or younger and three-fourths of the cases were female children. Reasons were discussed as to why females are more likely to be identified as sexually abused cases. A higher than average rate of gonorrhea was found among the pediatric group studied. While only 44 per cent of abusers were relatives of the abused, almost all (93%) were known to the family. If a relative were the alleged abuser, there was a high probability that it was a father, stepfather, or uncle.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Intraventricular hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysm. Retrospective analysis of 91 cases.

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) from aneurysm rupture is generally considered to be of grave prognostic significance. Ninety-one cases have been studied retrospectively from seven medical centers. The overall mortality rate was 64%. The dramatically poor condition of these patients leads to their rapid admission to the hospital. Eighty-seven percent were admitted on Day 0 or 1, and more than half were classified neurologically as Grade 4 or 5. A multiple regression analysis explained 56% of the variance in survival, using the variables of ventriculocranial ratio (VCR), day of admission, diastolic blood pressure, location of aneurysm, associated intracerebral hematoma, age, grade on admission, sex, and systolic blood pressure. No patient with a VCR of more than 0.25, as calculated from the initial computerized tomography (CT) scan, survived. No patient whose smallest VCR was 0.23 or more survived. This ratio can be simply measured with a millimeter ruler from the CT scan. Patients with IVH usually had enlarged ventricles, even initially. The overall results suggest that early management of intracranial hypertension should be more generally considered, although even when this was done the prognosis was still guarded. The timing of surgery was not an important determinant of outcome, although a significant number of patients died awaiting surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Dual role of the liver in regulating circulating polymeric IgA in man: studies on patients with liver disease.

The human liver probably removes circulating polymeric IgA by two routes: (1) secretory component-mediated endocytic transport of polymeric IgA from portal tract blood vessels into bile across biliary epithelial cells and (2) uptake with possible catabolism by hepatocytes and/or sinusoidal phagocytic cells by uncharacterized receptor(s). Failure of either clearance mechanism due to liver disease results in elevated serum polymeric IgA levels. In patients with cholestasis, the raised serum polymeric IgA concentration is due to reflux of biliary secretory immunoglobulin into the blood.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Hypertension in the rural population of Bangladesh--a preliminary survey.

A total of 5,026 persons constituting 75% of the total population of a village of Bangladesh were screened for elevated blood pressure. Three hundred thirty seven (6.7%) showed diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or above. Those with diastolic blood pressure of 95 or above constituted 2% of the population. 74% of the hypertensives were asymptomatic while 86.3% of the cases were undetected and therefore remained untreated. Our findings indicate the need for early detection and control of elevated blood pressure to prevent complications. It is recommended that a large scale community survey programme may be undertaken for detection and early treatment of hypertension which helps prevention of total complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The influence of radiation therapy quality control on survival, response and sites of relapse in oat cell carcinoma of the lung: preliminary report of a Southwest Oncology Group study.

Two hundred and ninety-eight patients with limited (confined to chest and supraclavicular area, encompassable by a single radiation portal) small cell carcinoma of the lung were entered on Southwest Oncology Group Protocol 7628. Patients were treated with multi-agent chemotherapy and radiation therapy with or without BCG. Radiation therapy quality control analysis, including dosimetric reconstruction and port film review was introduced after the protocol was activated and was retrospectively applied. Patients who were considered major protocol variations had statistically worse survival (40 weeks versus 60 weeks; P = .002), a lesser improvement in response rate after induction chemotherapy (27 versus 48%; P = .05) and a higher chest failure rate (77 versus 55%; P = .047) than evaluable patients. Five patients relapsed in the brain, all associated with chest failure. Quality control is essential in cooperative group studies.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Migrant mu+ delta+ and static mu+ delta- B lymphocyte subsets.

Immunoglobulin isotype expression in isolated lymph node (LN), spleen and blood lymphocyte suspensions was assessed in rats. The proportion of mu+ delta- B cells in spleen (34%) was approximately twice that in blood and LN. Immunohistological examination of spleens showed the cells of the marginal zones to be predominantly mu+ delta-. On the other hand, mu+ delta+ B cells were mainly confined to the follicles in both spleen and LN. These follicles had a minor mu+ delta- component. The migratory properties of B cells with these two phenotypes were assessed by depleting lymphocytes migrating through the white pulp of rat spleen. This was achieved by placing a 32P-impregnated beta-emitting polythene strip over one half of the spleen. Examination of the nonirradiated half of the spleen, LN and peripheral blood after 12 days irradiation showed selective loss of delta + B cells. The mu + delta- cells of the splenic marginal zone were numerically unaltered. There was also a substantial residual mu + delta- B cell presence in the small lymphocyte compartment of follicles of LN and spleen in depleted animals. In addition, the blood selectively retained a mu + delta- B cell component. This was not derived from the spleen, as mu + delta- blood B cell numbers were sustained even where both halves of the spleen were irradiated. It is concluded that: (a) the major static B cell component of spleen and LN is mu + delta-, (b) that most if not all delta + B cells repeatedly migrate through the spleen and (c) there is a blood-born mu + delta- component which is resistant to depletion by splenic irradiation.,

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Role of protein content in CSF ascites following ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Case report.

The case is reported of an 11-year-old girl with a recurrent craniopharyngioma who developed massive ascites following a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt procedure for hydrocephalus, associated with an elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level. The ascites resolved after removal of the shunt. The CSF protein returned to normal levels following excision of the recurrent craniopharyngioma, and ascites did not recur after a second VP shunt was inserted for recurrent hydrocephalus. In this case, elevated CSF protein is believed to have been responsible for ascites developing after VP shunting. There was no recurrence of ascites after the peritoneal cavity was again used for shunting, at which time the protein had returned to normal values. Twelve previous cases of ascites complicating VP shunting are reviewed and the etiology of the condition is discussed.

Ascites↗
PubMed1982

Patterns of Shigella infection in families in rural Bangladesh.

To assess the mode of transmission of Shigella infection in rural Bangladesh, questionnaire and culture surveys were conducted in baris (neighborhoods) where persons with diarrhea associated with Shigella infection and index controls with non-Shigella diarrhea lived. Nineteen percent of persons in Shigella baris and 7% of persons in control baris were infected during the survey periods (P less than 0.001). The prevalence of Shigella infection was highest for children 1-9 years of age and for females than 39 years and was not related to socioeconomic status, family size or household crowding. Use of surface water for drinking was not a risk factor for Shigella infection; in fact, use of river water was more frequent in control baris. Both household and bari contacts of Shigella index cases frequently excreted different serotypes from that excreted by the person with the index case. In Shigella baris, families with infection were significantly more likely than uninfected families to have a history of an overnight stay away from home by a family member during the previous week. These observations suggest there were multiple introductions of Shigella into some families and that the epidemiology of Shigella infection for families in rural Bangladesh differs from that observed for families living in more industrialized countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effects of neuroleptics on platelet monoamine oxidase activity.

Platelet MAO activity in schizophrenics was significantly decreased, by about 15%, after 3 weeks of treatment with haloperidol. Treatment with thioridazine or butaperazine also tended to decrease platelet MAO activity. The neuroleptic-induced decrease began to appear within a few days of treatment and did not show tolerance over 1-2 months of treatment with haloperidol. Platelet MAO activity of schizophrenic patients measured during drug-free base-line was not significantly different from that of normal controls, but MAO activity of schizophrenics was significantly lower than normals after 3 weeks of treatment with neuroleptics. The extent of decrease in platelet MAO activity correlated negatively with base-line prolactin and its increase after 24 hr. With PEA as substrate, the decrease in activity correlated positively with steady state plasma haloperidol.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Studies on the uterine inhibitory actions of diphenylhydantoins.

Diphenylhydantoin and diphenyl-thio-hydantoin inhibited the spontaneous motility of rat uterus in a dose-dependent manner. On molar basis diphenyl-thio-hydantoin was found to be 2.7 times as potent as diphenylhydantoin. The stimulant effects of acetylcholine, oxytocin, adenosine triphosphate, prostaglandins I2 and E2 were reduced by both hydantoins. Furthermore, hydantoins potentiated the inhibitory effects of sympathomimetic amines, theophylline, nitroglycerin and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The uterine inhibitory actions of adrenaline, isoprenaline and phenylephrine were antagonized by propranolol but not by phentolamine. However, adrenergic blocking agents were ineffective against hydantoins indicating that their effects were not mediated through adrenergic receptors. Ouabain and sodium fluoride caused stimulation of uterine motility. Pre-treatment with ouabain did not block the inhibitory effect of hydantoins, while, sodium fluoride antagonized the inhibitory effects of hydantoins. Furthermore, even increasing the diphenylhydantoin concentration 10 times did not produce any relaxation in the presence of sodium fluoride. The results are discussed in relation to the effect of hydantoins on sodium pump and on membrane permeability.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Epidemiology of eltor cholera in rural Bangladesh: importance of surface water in transmission.

In order to define the role of water used for drinking, cooking, bathing, and washing in the transmission of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor infections in an area with endemic cholera, surveillance was initiated in neighbourhoods with a culture-confirmed cholera index case and others with index cases with non-cholera diarrhoea as controls. In neighbourhoods with cholera infection, 44% of surface water sources were positive for V. cholerae, whereas only 2% of surface sources were positive in control neighbourhoods. Canals, rivers, and tanks were most frequently positive. There was an increased risk of infection for families using water from culture-positive sources for drinking, cooking, bathing, or washing and for those using water sources used by index families for drinking, cooking or bathing. Analysis of the results for individuals showed that in this case there was an increased risk of infection associated with using water from culture-positive sources for cooking, bathing, or washing, but not with using water from culture-positive sources for drinking. Individuals who used the same water source as an index family for bathing were more likely to be infected than those using different sources. For families drinking from a culture-negative source, there was an association between infection and bathing in a positive source. For families using a different bathing source from the index family there was an association between infection and drinking from the same source as the index family, and for families using a different drinking source from the index family there was an association between infection and bathing in the same source as the index family. These data suggest that use of surface water is important in the transmission of V. cholerae and that, in addition to providing safe drinking water, education regarding the risk of transmission of infection by water from potentially contaminated sources used for other purposes, especially bathing, may also be necessary to control transmission in areas where eltor cholera is endemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Intracellular mannitol, a product of glucose metabolism in staphylococci.

Mannitol (Mtl), not previously reported as an intracellular component of bacteria, although it has been found as an extracellular end product of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism, accumulated within strains of all 10 staphylococcal species tested after aerobic incubation of washed cell suspensions in phosphate-buffered 1% glucose for 2 h. Phenol extracts of the cells, before and after incubation, were analyzed for Mtl content by periodate utilization and paper chromatography and for Mtl 1-phosphate content, with Mtl 1-phosphate dehydrogenase. In Staphylococcus aureus Towler, the content of Mtl increased from a 0-h value of less than 2.4 to 16 mumol/g (dry weight) after incubation, and the level of Mtl 1-phosphate increased from a 0-h value of 1 to 8 mumol/g. The identification of Mtl was confirmed as the per-O-acetyl ester by gas-liquid chromatography and as the per-O-methyl ether by mass spectrometry. Also tested were 5 additional S. aureus strains and 32 coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains. All strains accumulated Mtl, even those strains that could not utilize exogenous Mtl during aerobic growth, usually in the range 4 to 25 mumol/g. Furthermore, three strains accumulated very high Mtl levels. Bacteria from several other genera were tested, and some were found to accumulate low to moderate levels of Mtl under similar incubation conditions. The metabolic conversion of glucose to intracellular Mtl, probably via Mtl 1-phosphate, is a common feature of staphylococci and also occurs in some other bacteria.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1981

Is bone scanning of value in patients with breast cancer?

Over the last decade, bone scans have played an increasingly important role in the management of patients with breast carcinoma; by detecting both occult and symptomatic bony metastases. 234 bone scans carried out in this hospital in 1978/79 on patients with breast cancer, at considerable cost to the NHS, are reviewed.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

The pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and bioavailability of different formulations of metoclopramide in man.

The pharmacokinetics of 4-amino-5-chloro-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (metoclopramide, Paspertin) after a single dose of the drug in five different dosage forms: ampoules, tablets, drops, dragées and suppositories, were studied. The clinical investigations were carried out on 10 healthy subjects under carefully controlled conditions. The analysis of metoclopramide in plasma was carried out using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Bioavailabilities between 76 and 79% were determined for the oral application forms and 53% for the rectal application form. Significant differences between maximum plasma levels were found for different individuals. The initial distribution of the drug is very rapid, and the elimination half-lives are comparable for all formulations and ranged from 3.9 and 5.3 h. The apparent volume of distribution is 3.1 l/kg body weight and the total body clearance is 38.4 l/h.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cirrhosis of liver.

Clinical analysis of 293 cases of cirrhosis from two moderate sized hospitals in the city of Dacca has been presented. Maximum number of cases were in the age group over 40 with 150 (51.2%) males and 19 (5.8%) females. Significant past history included viral hepatitis (21.5%), kala-azar (11.6%) and malaria (10.24%). History of alcoholism was present only in 16 (5.5%) cases. Weakness (84.3%), weight loss (72%) and anorexia (39.3%) constituted the most common symptoms. Ascites (45%), haematemesis (11.6%) and melaena (28.7%) were the next common symptoms. Hepatosplenomegaly was found in about one-third of the cases. Testicular atrophy was recorded in 41.63% cases whereas gynaecomastia was relatively less common (5.5%). Scanty body hair and white nails were present in almost equal number of cases (14.7% and 18%). The cases presented here are those with overt manifestation. Nevertheless, the clinical features are not materially different from those reported by other authors. In the absence of alcoholism, viral hepatitis is presumably the most important aetiological factor in our cases and the clinical features compare favourably with non-alcoholic cirrhosis of the western writers. Cryptogenic cirrhosis has been considered to be most common type constituting 43.7% of our cases.

Adult↗