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Biomedical subjects

M Kaye

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaye.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Reasons for drinking: motivational patterns and alcohol use among college students.

A principal components factor analysis of survey data from 393 college student drinkers (178 males) extracted four dimensions from a set of 16 reasons for drinking: avoidance, social, sensation seeking, and enjoyment. Motivational patterns and the relationships with alcohol use were examined with a canonical correlation analysis. Three significant canonical variates were found. The first variate contained students with high scores on all motivational factors. They were heavy drinkers with many alcohol-related problems. The second variate indicated that drinkers who drank primarily for enjoyment tended to be women who drank moderately. Male beer drinkers with strong sensation seeking motivations formed the third variate.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

When is it an osteoclast?

Using acid phosphatase as a marker, osteoclasts were examined from single sections of undemineralised iliac crest biopsies from patients with renal failure and from normal controls. Eighty one per cent of the cells from controls and 56% of the cells from patients with renal failure appeared to be non-nucleated or mononucleated. Serial sections showed, however, that 73% of the control cells were actually multinucleated as were 91% of the patients' cells. Howship's lacunae were present in similar proportions in the controls whether the cells were multinucleated or not, suggesting that they should all be classed as osteoclasts. More multinucleated cells and lacunae were present in the patients with renal failure. It is concluded that all acid phosphatase cells adjacent to bone are osteoclasts and that the presence of more lacunae and multinucleated cells in renal failure is compatible with enhanced cellular resorption.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1984

Dr Kaye comments.

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Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Hemodialysis neutropenia and dialyzer reuse: role of the cleansing agent.

As part of a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dialyzer reuse, a comparative study of two methods of dialyzer reprocessing, manual and automated, was conducted. Five stable end-stage renal disease patients on center hemodialysis were evaluated as to hematological and metabolic parameters throughout two series of three consecutive dialyses using first new and then reused dialyzers reprocessed according to each of the two methods. New dialyzers and reused dialyzers following automated reprocessing always induced a profound fall in circulating neutrophil counts shortly after the start of dialysis. Hemodialysis neutropenia was not observed, however, with reused dialyzers reprocessed manually unless the concentration of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) employed was made equal to that required in automated reprocessing by being raised from 1.0 to 4.3%. It would be reasonable to conclude from these results that among the various differences between the two dialyzer reprocessing methods, restoration of the original level of biocompatibility of the reused dialyzer's membrane is related to the concentration of the cleansing agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Prolonged dialyzer reuse.

Clearance of urea, creatinine, phosphate and B12 in dialyzers reused up to 30 times were unchanged from the initial values. Residual formalin values were within acceptable levels and in several thousand dialyses no untoward reactions of any sort attributable to reuse were encountered. Neutropenia was constantly present with dialyzers prepared by automated reuse.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1983

Bone marrow aluminium storage in renal failure.

Using the staining method for aluminium with the ammonium salt of aurine tricarboxylic acid, aluminon, 18 patients with end stage renal disease gave positive reactions in iliac crest bone biopsies and 11 of these had positive staining in the bone marrow. In one the marrow was positive and the bone negative. The marrow reaction is putatively regarded as caused by aluminium storage in unidentified cells, possibly of the macrophage system which are strongly fluorescent when examined after prior tetracycline labelling. Marrow storage should be considered when assessing the bone aluminium burden.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1983

Hypophosphatemia-induced hypercalcemia during acute renal failure.

A case of hypophosphatemia-induced hypercalcemia during post-traumatic acute renal failure is described. Proposed causes for the hypophosphatemia include changes in tissue distribution of phosphate associated with hyperalimentation and phosphate losses during hemodialysis. In the absence of hyperparathyroidism the hypercalcemia as well as changes in osteoclast morphology found on bone biopsy are ascribed to a direct effect of hypophosphatemia on bone.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1983

Auto-immunity in patients with end-stage renal disease maintained on hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Auto-immunity as assessed by rheumatoid factor, anti-DNA, antinuclear, smooth muscle and mitochondrial circulating antibodies was evaluated in 2 groups of 25 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being maintained either on hemodialysis or on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In the group of hemodialysis patients, 56% showed at least one serological abnormality on pre-dialysis samples: anti-DNA (8%), antinuclear (8%), smooth muscle (40%) and mitochondrial (4%) antibodies; on post-dialysis samples, 64% of the patients demonstrated abnormalities due to a rise in the incidence of anti-DNA antibodies from 8-24%. In the group of CAPD patients, 44% showed at least one serological abnormality: rheumatoid factor (4%), anti-DNA (16%), antinuclear (24%) and smooth muscle (4%) antibodies. These serological changes were generally scattered randomly within both groups. In the hemodialysis group, 2 abnormalities were present in 1 patient pre-dialysis and in 3 post-dialysis. One CAPD patient had 2 abnormalities. No correlation of these findings with age, sex, duration of dialysis and nature of renal disease could be found. The results are discussed in the context of possible abnormal antigenic stimulation in ESRD patients maintained on either form of dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Oral aluminum toxicity in a non-dialyzed patient with renal failure.

A patient is described with chronic renal failure who developed toxic levels of aluminum in bone after one year of oral aluminum hydroxide ingestion with a total dose of 711 grams. Caution in the use of oral aluminum compounds is recommended in patients with renal failure.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Alcohol, sexual arousal, and the transfer of excitation.

Investigations of the alcohol-related disinhibition of responses to deviant sexual stimuli suggest that the pharmacological actions of ethanol have little influence on the disinhibition process. The mere belief that alcohol is consumed is sufficient to induce increased sexual arousal. Studies with conventional stimuli, however, suggest that interactions occur between the pharmacological presence of ethanol and the psychological expectations of its presence. Thus, this article examines the contribution of pharmacological, cognitive, and environmental variables to perceived sexual arousal. A balanced-placebo design varied drink instruction and drink content independently. Pictures that elicited either a low or moderate level of self-reported sexual arousal were viewed and evaluated by men (n = 64) and women (n = 64) after completing their drinks. The evaluations and arousal measures suggested significant Instruction X Content X Arousal interactions. The strongest perceptions of arousal occurred among individuals who did not know they were drinking alcohol (i.e., subjects who were told that their alcoholic drinks did not contain alcohol). Apparently, when drinkers were unaware of the alcohol intoxication, the pharmacological excitation induced by alcohol transferred to the perception and evaluation of the slides.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Action of phosphorus on calcium release in isolated perfused rat tails.

A bone perfusion system using isolated rat tails was developed to study the action of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) on calcium (Ca) release in bone. Rats were either pre-labelled with 45Ca to study calcium removal from bone or 45Ca was added to the perfusate to study Ca deposition into bone. When perfusate Pi was increased from 3.5 to 5.25 mg/dl, a marked inhibition of 45Ca release was demonstrated. 85Sr microspheres, used to demonstrate differences in the flow of perfusate between bone and soft tissue, showed that the Pi effect was not due to alterations in perfusate flow to bone. Increasing the perfusate Pi concentration from 3.5 to 7 mg/dl did not increase 45Ca deposition into bone, nor did it affect baseline or PTH-stimulated cyclic AMP production. The Pi effect was inhibited by reducing the perfusate temperature to 4 degrees C, by using an anerobic perfusate, adding iodoacetate to the perfusate, and finally, by pre-treating the rats with actinomycin D prior to the experiment. Thus, in this model an increase in the Pi concentration of the perfusate inhibits Ca release from bone but does not increase Ca uptake by bone. The inhibitory effect appears to be dependent on normal cell metabolism.

Animals↗