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Biomedical subjects

M Kawashima

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawashima.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Basal cell carcinoma with eccrine differentiation.

We describe a light, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical study of basal cell carcinoma with eccrine differentiation. The cytoplasm did not stain with fat stain on cryostat sections, but contained numerous gland-like structures. Immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues using antibodies to human involucrin, thirteen kinds of cytokeratin, S-100 protein, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed. We found that tumor cells were positive for keratin, PKK1, MA-903, No 8, No 19, AE 1, AE 3, and 5 + 8. Tumor cells were negative for S-100 protein, CEA, and the other antigens examined. Electron microscopy demonstrated short microvilli and amorphous materials within the intracytoplasmic cavity. We concluded that this tumor is basal cell carcinoma with eccrine differentiation.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Milium-like syringoma in the perianal region.

We report a case of syringoma clinically presenting as milia in the perianal region. Milium-like syringoma is an unusual clinical variant of the tumor, and this is, to our knowledge, the first reported case occurring perianally.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Localization of MIWC and GLIP water channel homologs in neuromuscular, epithelial and glandular tissues.

It was shown recently that water channel homologs MIWC (mercurial insensitive water channel) and GLIP (glycerol intrinsic protein) colocalized in basolateral membranes of kidney collecting duct, tracheal and colonic epithelia, and in brain pia mater. We report here an extensive immunolocalization study of MIWC and GLIP in non-epithelial and glandular epithelial tissues in rat. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed colocalization of MIWC and GLIP in basolateral membrane of principal cells in kidney collecting duct. However, in other epithelia, MIWC but not GLIP was expressed in basolateral membrane of parietal cells in stomach, and in excretory tubules of salivary and lacrimal glands; GLIP but not MIWC was expressed in transitional epithelium of urinary bladder and skin epidermis. In the central nervous system, MIWC was strongly expressed in the ependymal layer lining the aqueductal system, and in astrocytes throughout the spinal cord and in selected regions of brain. MIWC was also expressed in a plasma membrane pattern in skeletal, but not smooth or cardiac muscle. Neither protein was expressed in small intestine, testis, liver, spleen and nerve. The tissue-specific expression of MIWC suggests a role in fluid transport and/or cell volume regulation in stomach and glandular epithelia. The functional role of MIWC expression in the neuromuscular system and of GLIP expression in skin and urinary bladder is uncertain. The specific cellular sites of MIWC expression (astrocytes, trachea, sarcolemma, gastric parietal cells and kidney principal cells) correspond exactly to sites where orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs) have been visualized by freeze-fracture electron microscopy, suggesting that MIWC may be the OAP protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Presence of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor in the hen hypothalamus.

Radioligand assays of the membrane fraction of hen hypothalamic tissues involving the preoptic (HPOA) or median eminence (HMEA) areas revealed the presence of a specific binding component to chicken vasoactive intestinal peptide (cVIP) having properties of a receptor. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) was 0.70 +/- 0.07 nM (Mean +/- SEM; N = 5) in HPOA and 1.02 +/- 0.15 nM (N = 5) in HMEA as estimated by Scatchard analysis of saturation studies, and was 0.91 +/- 0.11 nM (N = 3) (HPOA) and 1.25 +/- 0.09 nM (N = 3) (HMEA) as determined by a kinetic analysis. The maximum binding capacity (Bmax) obtained by Scatchard analysis was 167 +/- 19 fmol/mg protein (N = 5) (HPOA) and 133 +/- 17 fmol/mg protein (N = 5) (HMEA). The Kd and Bmax values obtained by Scatchard analysis were similar in the two areas of the hypothalamus and in both laying and nonlaying hens. Administration of cVIP in vivo caused a decrease in specific cVIP binding. These results suggest the presence of a VIP receptor in the hen hypothalamus.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A vasoactive intestinal peptide binding component in hen granulosa cells.

In radioligand assays, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) binding component in the membrane fraction of granulosa cells of the ovary of the hen was shown to possess characteristic properties of a receptor, such as reversible binding, binding specificity, high-affinity, and limited capacity. The binding site was of a single class. The binding affinity was higher in the largest (F1) and the second largest follicle (F2) than in the third largest follicle (F3), and the binding capacity was greater in F2 and F3 than in F1. During the ovulatory cycle, changes in affinity and capacity were observed only in F1 shortly before ovulation. The results suggest the presence of VIP receptor in the hen granulosa cells and its binding is assumed to be related to the follicular growth and ovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

An opiate receptor in the neurohypophysis of laying hens.

An opiate binding component in the membrane fraction of the neurohypophysis of the laying hen showed a high affinity, limited capacity, reversible binding, and binding specificity to [3H]diprenorphine. The binding sites were of a single class. The equilibrium dissociation constant was .30 +/- .03 nM (mean +/- SEM; n = 5) in Scatchard analysis and .31 +/- .02 nM (n = 5) in kinetic analysis. The maximum binding capacity determined by Scatchard analysis was 619 +/- 34 fmol/mg protein (n = 5). The association and dissociation rate constants determined by kinetic analysis were .088 +/- .002 nM-1 min-1 (n = 5) and .027 +/- .001 min-1 (n = 5), respectively. The results suggest that the binding component is regarded as being an opiate receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Diuretic and antidiuretic effects of mesotocin as compared with the antidiuretic effect of arginine vasotocin in the hen.

Mesotocin and arginine vasotocin were injected intravenously once at various dosage levels (.0025 to 25 micrograms/kg body weight) immediately after an intravenous injection of 15 mL/kg body weight saline solution into hens in which an artificial anus had been surgically created, and the volume of urine excreted during a 5-h period, following the injection, was measured. Arginine vasotocin caused a monophasic, dose-dependent decrease in urine volume. By contrast, mesotocin was biphasic: at .025 and .25 micrograms/kg body weight it decreased urine volume with the same efficacy as arginine vasotocin, whereas it dramatically increased urine volume at the higher doses (2.5 and 25 micrograms/kg body weight).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Chemosensitivity test with endoscopic biopsy specimens].

In SDI test using tetrazolium salt, we compared MTT with XTT, which has been recently developed and is more sensitive than MTT. Further, a chemosensitivity test with endoscopic biopsy specimens using XTT was conducted. The reproducibility of the MTT assay was assessed under various conditions. The I.I of MTT assay did not vary according to type or concentration of anticancer drugs and the biopsy site of specimens. Then MTT and XTT assay were compared, revealing the results of these 2 assays were significantly correlated. Thus, XTT assay was performed with tissues from surgical specimens using biotome. Of the 16 specimens subjected to XTT assay, 6 showed an OD value of 0.100 or more, which was well within assessment. XTT assay was also performed in biopsy specimens from patients using a biotome manipulated under endoscopic guidance before operation. Three among 6 specimens showed an OD value of 0.100 or more. Our findings have demonstrated that the SDI test using XTT can be used for the chemosensitivity test, even when these specimens contain a relatively small number of cells collected using a biotome.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Thoracoscopic debridement for acute empyema].

Thoracoscopic debridement for acute empyema was successfully performed in three patients who were refractory to closed drainage, irrigation and antibiotic therapy. In two patients anaerobic organisms were isolated from the pus. None of the patients had bronchopleural fistula. All patients were relieved of fever promptly after surgery. Operative invasion was minimal, and postoperative lung function was well maintained one month after the operation. If empyema is in the fibrinopurulent phase and does not respond to pleural drainage, thoracoscopic debridement may be indicated before more aggressive therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Whole abdominal irradiation for peritoneal dissemination of alimentary tract cancers].

Between January 1986 and August 1991, 19 patients with alimentary tract cancers complicated by peritoneal dissemination received whole abdominal irradiation combined with intraperitoneal chemotherapy postoperatively. Using a moving-strip technique of irradiation, 12.0 Gy was delivered in three fractions to the entire abdominal contents with partial liver and kidney shielding. The primary tumor sites were the stomach in 12 patients, the colorectum in five, and the gall bladder in two. Nine patients with gross residual disease also received a limited field boost of 30.6 Gy in 17 fractions after completion of treatment to the whole abdomen. None of the patients failed to complete the planned dose despite acute gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea and vomiting, 84%, diarrhea and cramping, 78%) and acute hematologic toxicity (leukocytopenia, 84%, thrombocytopenia, 68%). Our follow-up study revealed that the actuarial one-year survival rate was 28.4% and the median survival time was 9.0 months. Survival rates at one-year for patients with colorectal and gastric cancer were 75.0% and 16.7%, respectively. Patients with gastric cancer (n = 12) had a poorer outcome than those with colorectal cancer (n = 5) in the present study. One reason for this difference may have been the presence of cancerous pleuritis, which was frequently observed in patients with gastric cancer. Therefore, more intensive treatment to prevent cancerous pleuritis seems to be necessary to improve the efficacy of whole abdominal irradiation.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Pyoderma gangrenosum on the finger.

A case of pyoderma gangrenosum on the dorsal aspect of the right second and third fingers of a 50-year-old woman is reported. The patient had been wounded at the above-mentioned site by a cutter. This wound developed into a painful ulcer which enlarged rapidly. No bacterial infections were detected. Histologically, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes mixed with neutrophils and nucleodusts was seen throughout the entire dermis, but there was no evidence of vasculitis. Based on this data, the case was diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum. The patient responded to treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Pyoderma gangrenosum at this site of the fingers seems to be rare.

Female↗
PubMed1994

A case of giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath developing on the palm.

A 22-year-old Japanese woman with a giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath on the palm is described. The location of the tumor is rare. Light microscopically, the tumor consisted of round or polygonal cells, giant cells, and foam cells. Electron microscopically, histiocyte-like cells and fibroblast-like cells were mainly observed, suggesting that the tumor may have originated from the synovial membrane.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Regional analysis of ceramides within the stratum corneum in relation to seasonal changes.

We studied the regional variations and seasonal changes of ceramide quantities in the stratum corneum of human skin. In summer, the total lipid amounts extracted from the stripped stratum corneum were highest in the forehead, followed by the chest and upper back, with the lowest level in the sole of the foot. In winter, while the total lipid distribution followed the same trend as that in summer, the absolute amounts slightly decreased, especially in the forehead and chest, as compared with those found in summer. Ceramide analysis showed that while a higher level was seen in the cubital fossa in summer, the level was highest in the forehead during winter. A seasonal comparison of ceramide mass revealed a slightly increased level in winter compared with summer, at almost all sites tested, except in the cubital fossa and dorsum pedis, reflecting seemingly enhanced keratinization in winter. These findings indicate that in young adults, the mass of ceramide remains steady at similar levels at various skin sites, providing maintenance of a pertinent water reservoir and the barrier function of the stratum corneum, even under different seasonal conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Antiestrogenic effects of danazol on rabbit uterus.

To examine antiestrogenic effects of danazol through the receptor system and to clarify its direct effects on the endometrium in vivo, we applied danazol jelly directly into the rabbit uterine cavity and measured uterine estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors (ER, PR and AR, respectively). Danazol significantly reduced ER, PR and AR (p < 0.05). Treatment with receptor-blocking agents (RU 486 and oxendolone) showed that the decrease in the ER level showed a closer association with that in PR than with AR. These results indicate that danazol directly administered into the uterine cavity is absorbed by the endometrial tissue and exerts its antiestrogenic effects possibly through PR in the cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Arginine vasotocin receptor binding in the hen uterus (shell gland) before and after oviposition.

The binding affinity and capacity of arginine vasotocin (AVT) receptor in the hen uterus changed during a period before and after oviposition. Three hours before oviposition, the binding capacity of the AVT receptor increased. An injection of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha caused an increase in the AVT receptor Bmax in the uterus, and indomethacin blocked the normal rise in the AVT receptor Bmax and PGF content prior to oviposition. However, just prior to oviposition, the binding affinity increased with a decrease in the binding capacity. A progesterone injection caused an increase in binding affinity and a decrease in binding capacity of the AVT receptor. The specific binding of the progesterone receptor in the uterus increased 2 h before oviposition and remained high until oviposition. Serum AVT levels increased at oviposition. An injection of AVT caused an increase in the affinity of the AVT receptor with a decrease in the capacity. The change in the affinity and capacity of AVT receptor at oviposition may result from the action of progesterone via increased progesterone receptor binding, and the action of AVT on its own receptors.

Animals↗