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Biomedical subjects

M Kawano

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawano.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Human parainfluenza virus type 2 phosphoprotein: mapping of monoclonal antibody epitopes and location of the multimerization domain.

The epitopes recognized by 42 monoclonal antibodies directed against the human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) phosphoprotein (P) were mapped on the primary structure of the P protein by testing their reactivities with deletion mutants. By Western Immunoblotting with these monoclonal antibodies and P protein deletion mutants the region essential for P-P interactions was determined. The P protein region encompassing amino acids 211-248 was required for proper folding and oligomerization which is mediated by predicted coiled-coils in this region. The oligomer was shown to be a homotrimer by chemical cross-linking experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Recent progress in treating patients with cleft palate.

Over the last 4 decades remarkable progress has been made in the treatment of cleft palate: the rate of attaining normal or nearly normal speech after surgery has risen from about 65% 40 years ago to nearly 90% or more nowadays. One of the main factors is intratracheal intubation anesthesia that has made the surgery much safer and easier. Improved surgical technique and speech therapy also played a great role. This paper deals with two problems: (1) Slight velopharyngeal incompetence: The combined use of fiberscopy and fluorovideoscopy can provide useful information as to: (a) the exact place of the faulty articulation, (b) the detailed pattern of inconsistent velopharyngeal function, (c) changes in articulation induced by speech therapy, and (d) the relation between velopharyngeal function and faulty articulation. All the above information greatly facilitates speech therapy for cleft palate speech. It should be done with utmost care though due to possible adverse effects of radiation. (2) Analysis of faulty articulation. It was revealed that faulty articulations such as laryngeal fricative and affricates, pharyngeal stop, and glottal stop in cleft palate speech, secondary to velopharyngeal incompetence, were produced by articulation in the larynx at various sites such as the epiglottis, arytenoids, aryepiglottic folds and vocal folds. These faulty articulation points were located lower than supposed on the basis of auditory perception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Is a cystic lesion located at the midline of the prostate a müllerian duct cyst? Analysis of aspirated fluid and histopathological study of the cyst wall.

OBJECTIVE: In 6 patients, ranging in age from 26 to 71 years, we analyzed aspirated fluid and histologically studied cystic lesions located at the midline of the prostate. METHODS: Digital rectal examination, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and aspiration of cystic fluid were performed to evaluate size, contents, and location of the cystic lesion. A 22-gauge needle was inserted into the cystic lesion perineally under ultrasound guidance. After extracting fluid for cytology and measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), a specimen from the prostate involving the cystic wall was collected. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for PSA were performed. RESULTS: All aspirated fluid specimens were yellowish and clear without any sperm or malignant cells. The PSA levels in the fluid ranged between 90 and 670 x 10(4) ng/ml, while the PAP levels were between 168 and 4,000 ng/ml. These levels of PSA and PAP were significantly higher as compared with those in the serum. The cystic wall was lined with cuboidal or columnar epithelium. Some epithelial cells from the cystic wall showed positive immunostaining for PSA. CONCLUSIONS: Not all cystic lesions located at the midline of the prostate are müllerian duct cysts, and there is a high probability that the lesion could be a cystadenoma or a simple cyst of the prostate.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

Severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by tamoxifen-treatment after breast cancer surgery.

Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist, has been widely used in a hormonal treatment for breast cancer. The side effects of tamoxifen are generally recognized to be mild. However, we experienced three cases of severe hypertriglyceridemia and/or hyperglycemia induced by tamoxifen. For normalization of their hypertriglyceridemia we need to stop giving tamoxifen. In one of three cases we analyzed her lipoprotein profile in detail with lipoprotein lipase activities and apolipoprotein E phenotype. The case was a 49 year-old woman. After 15 months of tamoxifen administration, she was diagnosed as severe hypertriglyceridemia. Consecutively, severe hyperglycemia was occurred to need insulin therapy. After tamoxifen withdrawal, her triglyceride and glucose levels improved. Her lipolytic enzyme was reduced during tamoxifen treatment. Apolipoprotein E phenotype was uncommon E4/2. Although hypertriglyceridemia was not considered to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease, a marked hypertriglyceridemia might occasionally produce severe lethal pancreatitis. We recommend that a periodic plasma lipid analysis is needed for patients treated with tamoxifen, especially for diabetic and hypertriglyceridemic patients, to avoid such complications.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMed1997

Appearance of TSH receptor antibody and hyperthyroidism associated with metastatic thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy.

We report here on a patient who was diagnosed with follicular carcinoma in 1985, and who was treated with total thyroidectomy. Two years later, when metastasis was found in his neck lesion, lung, pelvis and right femur, the patient received 131I treatment. Six years after receiving 131I treatment, the patient presented with hyperthyroidism. Whole-body scan with 131I revealed functioning metastasis in his right femur and pelvis. There was no hot spot in the neck region, confirming that no thyroid tissue remained. Blood panels revealed an increase in both TSH binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII. 36.2%; normal. -10 approximately 10%) and thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb, 176%; normal, less than 145%). Treatment with antithyroid drugs, dexamethasone and radioisotope therapy rapidly resolved his hyperthyroidism. Thyrotoxicosis and positive TRAb occurred in the absence of thyroid tissue, and many years after the completion of R1 therapy. The overproduction of thyroid hormone can therefore only be attributed to some mechanism of activity in the metastatic tumor tissue.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1997

[Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection among female prison inmates in Japan].

To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in female inmates, 504 out of 513 female inmates in a certain female prison in Japan were tested for anti-hepatitis C virus, anti-hepatitis B virus, anti-hepatitis A virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus makers. They were also interviewed with regard to past history of blood transfusion, tattooing, acupuncture, intravenous drug abuse, and psychiatric disease. Prevalence of seropositives for anti-hepatitis C virus antibody was found to be significantly higher in prisoners who had a history of intravenous drug abuse (63%) compared to the controls (4.5%). There was no difference between the two groups in prevalence of seropositivity for anti-hepatitis B, anti-hepatitis A and anti-human immunodeficiency virus. Of all inmates who had a history of intravenous drug abuse, anti-hepatitis C positives used drugs longer and in greater quantities than anti-hepatitis C negatives. From these results it is concluded that intravenous drug abuse is a predominant risk factor for hepatitis C virus infection.

Female↗
PubMed1997

[Urinary interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in females with urethral syndrome].

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are important mediators of an inflammatory response. We measured creatinine-collected urinary levels of IL-6 and IL-8 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 21 women with urethritis syndrome as well as 20 age-matched healthy women. Urine samples were collected before treatment and after 7 or 14 days of oral administration of sparfloxacin (100 mg once daily). Urinary IL-6 level was elevated in a patient with urethritis syndrome (41.1 pg/mgCr), while urinary IL-8 levels were elevated in 8 (range 13.3 to 560 pg/mgCr). On the other hand, none of the healthy controls showed any detectable urinary level of IL-6 and IL-8. Of the 9 patients with elevated urinary IL-6 or IL-8, symptomatic improvement was obtained after chemotherapy in 8 and urinary interleukins became undetectable in 7. Urinary IL-6 and IL-8 seem to have some role in the induction of urinary symptoms.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1996

Absence of CD69 expression on peripheral eosinophils in episodic angioedema and eosinophilia.

A 45-year-old woman with episodic angioedema and eosinophilia is presented. CD69, which is one of the surface antigens of activated eosinophils, was not expressed on the peripheral eosinophils in this patient, in contrast to hypereosinophilic syndrome. This suggests that CD69, which is not dependent on eosinophil density, may be another useful activation marker of eosinophils to distinguish episodic angioedema and eosinophilia from hypereosinophilic syndrome.

Angioedema↗
PubMed1996

Binding of the V proteins to the nucleocapsid proteins of human parainfluenza type 2 virus.

Interaction of the nucleocapsid (NP) and V proteins of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (HPIV-2) was investigated using a transient expression system. When the NP proteins were co-expressed with the V proteins, some of the NP proteins were translocated into the nuclei. These findings suggest that the NP protein interact with the V proteins. We examined the interaction of the NP proteins and the P, V proteins or deletion mutants of V protein using immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation plus Western blotting analyses, and showed that the V proteins of HPIV-2 bind to the NP proteins and that the N-terminal domain of V protein interacts directly with the NP proteins. When the NP proteins were co-expressed with the V proteins or the N-terminal fragments (aa 1-46), the NP proteins were detected diffusely in the nuclei of the transfected cells, and were also detected in cytoplasmic inclusions. The NP and V proteins were co-localized in the nuclei or cytoplasm. Furthermore, the NP proteins were co-precipitated with the P, V, and V (1-164) proteins by a specific antibody. The P proteins interact more closely with the NP proteins than do the V proteins. These findings indicate that the V proteins have the ability to bind the NP proteins.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1996

Slow beta-migrating lipoprotein: an atherogenic subclass of low density lipoproteins.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the possibility that midband Lp in LDL fractions might act as an atherogenic lipoprotein in their interaction with macrophages. DESIGN AND METHODS: Low density lipoproteins (LDL) isolated by zonal ultracentrifugation from midband lipoprotein-positive serum in type lib hyperlipidemics were subjected to polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. RESULTS: A part of midband lipoprotein was observed between pre beta-and beta-band, in addition to the main beta-band. We named this midband lipoprotein "slow beta-migrating Lp (slow beta-Lp)." The larger LDL subfraction from midband-lipoprotein positive serum on Sepharose 2B column chromatography contained much slow beta-Lp, named slow beta-Lp-rich LDL. The smaller LDL subfraction contained a little slow beta-Lp, named slow beta-Lp-poor LDL. Slow beta-Lp-rich LDL had similar composition to the control LDL except for apolipoprotein E. The uptake of [3H]cholesteryl linoleate-labeled slow beta-Lp-rich LDL by J774 macrophages was higher than that of control LDL. The cholesterol ester content of J774 macrophages incubated with slow beta-Lp-rich LDL increased significantly compared with slow beta-Lp-poor LDL, beta-VLDL, and control LDL. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that slow beta-Lp in type llb might generate foam cells from macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Transvaginal color Doppler studies in gestational trophoblastic disease.

Three women with gestational trophoblastic disease were examined using transvaginal color Doppler at the initial diagnosis and after each course of chemotherapy. In all cases, the examination before chemotherapy revealed hypoechoic areas surrounded by irregular echogenic areas and numerous intramyometrial flow signals. Pulsed Doppler examination revealed a low pulsatility index (PI) in the uterine arteries. After the completion of chemotherapy, a decrease in the vascularity and increase in the PI of the uterine arteries were demonstrated in two cases. These findings were closely consistent with the decrease in serum levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. However, in the patient who developed permanent arteriovenous communication, hypervascularity persisted and the PI of the uterine arteries remained low, even after clinical remission was achieved. The present study indicates that transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography is useful for the evaluation of gestational trophoblastic disease, both at the time of diagnosis and after chemotherapy.

Adult↗