Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Kawano

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawano.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Cochlear implants in children].

A multichannel cochlear implant was performed in 8 children, and the following results were obtained. The surgical procedures were not as difficult as in adults, and there were few postoperative complications. The results of testing postoperative speech comprehension ability were examined in three children whose course was followed for more than one year postoperatively. Some patients had good speech comprehension ability postoperatively, and we expect to continue performing cochlear implant in children. Postoperative rehabilitation takes longer. The cooperation of physicians, audiologists, speech therapists, school teachers and family members is essential, and establishing a cochlear implant center for children would be desirable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Cochlear implants for adult prelingually deaf patients].

We have performed cochlear implants on 6 adult prelingually deaf patients and obtained the following results. 1) The speech comprehension ability of the adult prelingually deaf patients was poorer than in postlingually deaf patients, but some patients showed better results than expected. 2) The adult prelingually deaf patients required a longer period of rehabilitation than the postlingually deaf patients. There were considerable variations in performance among the adult prelingually deaf patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of the results of one session of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for a single urinary tract stone].

Fourteen hundred seventeen patients with a single stone under either general or epidural anesthesia were treated by one session of ESWL using the Dornier HM3 while 255 cases by one session of ESWL using the Dornier MPL9000 under no anesthesia but only with some analgesics, with 3 months' follow up available in all patients. The ratio of stone location in the kidney vs ureter was 7 to 3 in the Dornier HM3 and 5 vs 6 in the Dornier MPL9000. The overall success rate (stone free and residual stone fragments of less than 4 mm, 3 months after ESWL) was 58% (591 cases/1016 cases) for kidney stones with the Dornier HM3 and 35% (41/117) with the Dornier MPL9000. On the other hand, the overall success rate for ureter stones was 61% (245/401) with the Dornier HM3 and 70% (96/138) with the Dornier MPL9000. The overall success rate for stones of more than 10 mm, was poor when treated by the Dornier MPL9000 compared with the Dornier HM3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical study of primary hyperparathyroidism--diagnosis, parathyroidectomy and late result of operation].

We retrospectively studied clinical problems for 55 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who were operated on at our hospital. The chance to discovery of primary hyperparathyroidism and its accompanied symptoms were various. Other than classical symptoms, hypertension was noted in 12 patients and malignant tumors in 9. Forty-four percent of patients who had no bone related symptoms were found to have decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Even the patients with normal BMD were seen to increase the BMD, postoperatively. We thought that the parathyroidectomy was indicated for the asymptomatic patients with normal BMD. Biochemical investigation showed that positive rate were 50% for PTH-C, 94% for PTH-HS, 78% for intact PTH, 87% for serum total calcium and 98% for serum ionized calcium. Serum ionized calcium and intact PTH were useful for the diagnosis of patients who had normocalcemia or slight elevation of serum calcium. The sensitivity was 61% for ultrasound sonography (US) and 49% for computer tomography (CT) and scintigram, respectively. The detection rate of US and CT was positively related to the size of the parathyroid glands, but scintigram was not. The rate with which the parathyroid glands can be recognized during operation increased from 30% in the former group to 52% in the later group. As a result, 11% of the patients with adenoma had too much surgery and 29% of the patients with hyperplasia had too little surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical evaluation of intracavernous self-injection of vasoactive drugs for impotence: a long-term follow-up observation].

From December 1989 to September 1992, nine patients with impotence were instructed to perform intracavernous self-injection of vasoactive drugs. At first 40 mg of papaverine hydrochloride was used in all patients and the response on erection was evaluated. If the response did not show sufficiently functional erection, a mixture of 40 mg of papaverine hydrochloride and 1 mg of phentolamine mesylate or 20 mg of prostaglandin E1 was reinjected. Eight patients had achieved full erections and vaginal penetrations without noteworthy complications during the follow-up period. Out of eight patients, three patients were able to ejaculate and one patient showed recovery of erection. No major side effects were seen. In conclusion, intracavernous self-injection is a useful modality for impotence.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Transurethral hyperthermic treatment in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy].

Transurethral hyperthermic treatment was performed on 30 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Two patients had a urethral catheter because of urinary retention. The prostate was heated transurethrally. The treatment consisted of 3-8 sessions of 60 min. each. To evaluate this treatment, the following parameters were determined before and 1-5 weeks after the last hyperthermia session; subjective symptoms score, and as objective data residual urine volume and uroflowmetry. The symptoms score improved in 25 (83%) patients. Of 2 patients with a catheter, the catheter could be removed from 1 patient. Although there was no change in prostatic volume, significant decreases in residual urine volume, and increases of maximum flow rate and mean flow rate were observed. No adverse reactions were seen. Judging from the above results, this treatment is considered to be useful for patients with BPH.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[A case of tuberculous anal fistulae complicated by pulmonary tuberculous].

Tuberculous involvement of the anus is very rare at present as the result of BCG-Vaccination and improvement of public health. We report a juvenile case of tuberculous anal fistulae complicated to pulmonary tuberculosis. A 22-year-old male was admitted with symptoms of 13 month- history of intermittent anal pain, low grade fever and cough. Chest X-ray showed bilateral middle zone infiltrates with cavitation. Perianal inspection revealed a large ulcer with purulent exudate and a few fistulae. Sputum smears showed acid fast bacilli. A biopsied specimen of perianal fistulae showed granulomatous lesions with central necrosis, epitheloid cells and multi-nucleated giant cells. With three-drug antituberculous regimen, his symptoms resolved, radiographic infiltrates improved, and the perianal fistulae were cured. It was speculated that the tuberculous anal fistulae in this case were caused by the dissemination from the pulmonary focus via the hematogeneous and lymphogeneous routes, because any tuberculous lesion was not detected in the gastrointestinal tract and rectum.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of autoantibodies on women with infertility].

The present study was conducted to elucidate the clinical significance of autoantibodies in infertility. Among 203 cases of infertility, 27 cases (A group) were positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and 18 cases (B group) were positive for antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) regardless of the presence of ANA. The progress of pregnancy over time in the study period was clarified in 13 cases in A group and 12 cases in B group. Although only luteal support was given to the A group, appropriate for gestational age babies were obtained in all cases except 3 cases in which there occurred early abortion. In B group, babies were obtained successfully in 8 cases by steroid-aspirin therapy, but intrauterine fetal death occurred in the second trimester in 2 cases, and in the other 2 cases early abortion occurred. In cases positive for the antibody (beta 2(-)ACA) to cardiolipin, fetal distress did not occur in any of the 3 cases. On the other hand, in cases positive for the antibody (beta 2(+)ACA) to the cardiolipin-beta 2-glycoprotein I complex and/or lupus anticoagulant (LA), marked fetal distress occurred in all except one of the 7 cases. In conclusion, there was little correlation between ANA, beta 2(-)ACA and infertility, suggesting that the cause of infertility is the induction of placental circulating disorder by beta 2(+)ACA and LA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The character of endogenous retrovirus in pancreatic beta-cells of NOD mice.

The character of retrovirus type C in NOD mouse pancreatic-beta-cells was investigated. First, the in vitro response of retrovirus type C to glucose stimulation was examined. When the pancreatic islets of control NON mice were observed with an electron microscopy retrovirus types C could not be detected in the beta-cells with or without glucose stimulation. Retrovirus type C particles and intracisternal type A particles (IAPs) in NOD mouse pancreatic beta-cells increased by glucose stimulation, but the increase in retrovirus type C differed from that of IAPs. The clusters of retrovirus type C were found in some beta-cells, whereas IAPs were scattered in beta-cells. Next, we investigated the expression of retrovirus type C transcript in NOD mouse pancreatic islets. From polymerase chain reaction analysis using two primers of retrovirus type C designed from a conserved U3 region, a major product was found to be endogenous polytropic retrovirus (Pmv). The subcloned PCR probe and oligonucleotide probes specific for Pmv and modified polytropic retrovirus were used for Northern blot analysis. Pancreatic islets from NOD and NON mice (control mice) contained 8.4-kb and 3.0-kb Pmv transcripts. The quantity of transcripts of Pmv in NOD mouse pancreatic beta-cells were the same as that in NON mice. The transcript level of islets was much higher than those of thymus and liver. The appearance of retrovirus type C particles in beta-cells of NOD mice may involve the mechanisms by which diabetes is generated in NOD mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of repeated injection of somatomedin C on drug metabolizing enzyme activities in rats.

The effect of somatomedin C on the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system in rat liver after sc injection, a clinically applicable dosing route, was studied. Although liver weight was slightly increased after somatomedin C (1 mg/kg) was injected for 7 days, no significant changes were observed in other dosing group (0.1 and 10 mg/kg). There were no significant effects of somatomedin C on cytochrome P-450 and b5 contents, and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, and ethoxyresorufin deethylase. Additionally, somatomedin C treatment did not affect the activities of 2 alpha-, 2 beta-, 6 beta- and 16 alpha-hydroxytestosterone and androstenedione formation from testosterone. Changes relation to dosing period were also examined with 1 mg/kg of somatomedin C. In this case, hepatic levels of cytochrome P-450 and b5, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and drug oxidations did not differ significantly among groups treated for 3, 7, or 14 days. These results suggest that somatomedin C has no effect on the hepatic mixed-function oxidase system.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Analysis of blood flow in hepatic tumors by color Doppler ultrasonography].

We evaluated the diagnostic significance of blood flow pattern and velocity in hepatic tumors detected by color doppler ultrasonography. Fifty seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 12 patients with hepatic hemangioma (HEM) were studied with ultrasonographic apparatus equipped with color doppler system (Toshiba SSA-270A, 3.75MHz sector scanner). Furthermore 12 patients with HCC were studied repeatedly after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and/or percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). Blood flow was measurable in 2 of 12 patients with HEM (17%). Pulsatile flow with low speed (7 cm/sec) and low amplitude was detected in one patient, and continuous flow with low speed (5 cm/sec) in the other. Blood flow was measurable in 43 of 57 patients with HCC (75%). The detection rate of blood flow in HCC was significantly higher than in HEM. Pulsatile flow was detectable in 42 of 43 patients (98%). Average maximum velocity of pulsatile flow was over 40cm/sec. Analysis of blood flow after treatment provided us useful information on the effect of treatment. In conclusion, analysis of blood flow in hepatic tumors on US with color doppler system may provide useful information on differential diagnosis between HCC and HEM, the assessment of the therapeutic effect of TAE or PEI, whether additional treatment is required or not, and when it should be done if required.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A high frequency of apolipoprotein E4 isoprotein in Japanese patients with late-onset nonfamilial Alzheimer's disease.

Phenotypes of apolipoprotein E (apo E) were determined by the iso-electric focusing method in 42 Japanese patients with nonfamilial late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 96 age-matched controls without hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes. There was a striking difference in the distribution of apo E phenotypes between patients with AD and controls (P < 0.0001). Such a difference was mostly attributable to different frequencies of phenotypes E4/3 and E3/3. The apo E4/3 phenotype was detected in 24 (57.1%) of 42 patients with AD, more than six times oftener than in nine (9.4%) of 96 controls. In contrast, apo E3/3, which is the most common apo E phenotype in various ethnic groups, was detected in only 15 (35.7%) patients with AD. These results indicate a strong association between apo E4 isoprotein and Japanese late-onset nonfamilial AD, and that apo E4 is a possible risk factor for the development of this type of AD.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical study of estrogen receptors and the responsiveness to estrogen in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic data suggested that the differentiated thyroid carcinoma was affected by sex hormones, especially estrogen. METHODS: The authors have immunohistochemically studied estrogen receptors (ER) in papillary thyroid carcinoma in women. Two anti-ER monoclonal antibodies, D5 and H222, were used. The authors then investigated the responsiveness to estrogen of thyroid neoplasms using primary culture of surgically resected thyroid tissues. The proliferative activity of cultured cells was measured by the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index (LI). RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of the specimens (18/70) showed positive staining with D5, but only 5.6% of the specimens (2/36) showed positive staining with H222. The BrdU LI of ER-positive papillary thyroid carcinoma increased with the addition of estradiol. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that estrogen may affect the proliferation of ER-positive papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Quantitation of pre beta-HDL-dependent and nonspecific components of the total efflux of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid.

Both receptor-mediated and diffusional processes have been proposed as mechanisms for the efflux of cellular cholesterol to plasma. The depletion of a minor high-density lipoprotein subfraction (pre beta-1-HDL) from plasma by incubation was associated with a proportional reduction in up to 58% of cholesterol and lecithin efflux from cultured fibroblasts. Pre beta-HDL-dependent efflux was blocked by protease pretreatment of the cells, while residual ("nonspecific") efflux was protease-insensitive. The whole of cholesterol efflux from blood erythrocytes was both pre beta-1-HDL-and protease-independent. These data suggest that two distinct pathways contribute to total efflux from fibroblast monolayers; one of these is directly proportional to plasma pre beta-1-HDL concentration and may involve a cell-surface protein.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1993

Neuropeptide Y innervation in the spinal nucleus of bulbocavernosus of the rat.

Immunoelectron microscopy combined with a retrograde tracing technique was carried out to examine the synaptic interaction between neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactive (LI) axon terminals and spinal motoneurons innervating bulbocavernosus muscles. Cell bodies and proximal dendrites of these motoneurons were frequently found to receive synaptic inputs from NPY-LI axon terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical study of estrogen receptor and estradiol on papillary thyroid carcinoma in young patients.

We have immunohistochemically examined estrogen receptors (ER) and estradiol (E2) on papillary thyroid carcinoma in young females under the age of 25 years. The 10 young females in this study were compared with 64 females 30 years of age or older who underwent surgery for treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We did not find any significant difference in the incidences of positive staining for E2 between the two groups. Of the specimens obtained from the young patients, 80% (8/10) showed positive staining for ER; this was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that observed in patients 30 years of age or older (25%). We think that, especially in youth, estrogen may play an important role as a promoting factor. This indication needs further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of small papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland.

The preoperative and pathological findings of 38 cases of small papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland measuring < or = 10 mm in diameter and 74 cases of large papillary carcinoma measuring more than 10 mm were compared. In the small carcinoma cases, the sensitivity of palpation, ultrasonography, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was higher than that of computed tomography and soft tissue roentgenography of the neck. Therefore, palpation, US, and FNAB should be instituted as reliable diagnostic methods, but other examinations seem unsuitable as methods for preoperative qualitative diagnosis. No definite correlation was found between the intraglandular dissemination and the size of the carcinoma, and the frequency of metastasis was relatively high even in the small carcinoma cases. If the patient elects to undergo surgery, subtotal thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection should be performed for small thyroid carcinomas as well as large carcinomas.

Adult↗