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Biomedical subjects

M Kawamura

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawamura.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Clinical experience with fosfomycin sodium for infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology].

Fosfomycin sodium (FOM-Na) was administered to 18 patients with various obstetrical and gynecological infections, at daily dose of 4 g. Out of 18 patients treated with FOM-Na, 16 patients showed excellent or good response to FOM-Na and effective rate was 88.9%. No side effects were observed. It is recognized that FOM-Na is an excellent drug for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of latamoxef in neonates].

Basic and clinical studies were carried out on latamoxef (LMOX) in relation to the use of this antibiotic in the treatment of infections in newborn infants. The results were as follows. The MICs of LMOX were determined for various clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria: 22 strains of E. coli, 18 strains of K. pneumoniae, 4 strains of K. oxytoca, 19 strains of P. mirabilis, 4 strains of P. vulgaris, 5 strains of P. morganii and 3 strains of C. freundii and 60 strains of H. influenzae. The MIC distributions against all of these strains for each species were 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 6.25 and 0.78 microgram/ml or less, respectively. The antibacterial activity of LMOX against all of these Gram-negative isolates was thus found to be excellent. For 38 strains of P. aeruginosa, the MIC distribution was from 6.25 to 200 micrograms/ml; accordingly, although this antibiotic does show antibacterial activity against this microbe, it is not very potent. As Gram-positive bacteria, 28 clinical isolates of S. pyogenes and 34 strains of S. aureus were tested; their respective MIC distributions were 0.39--1.56 micrograms/ml and 3.13--25 micrograms/ml. Therefore, it is clear that the antibacterial activity of LMOX against these Gram-positive bacteria is not as good as against the above-mentioned Gram-negative species. LMOX was injected intravenously as a one-shot dose of 20 mg/kg to 5 newborn infants (ranging in age from 0 to 13 days) and to 2 suckling infants (49 and 60 days of age), and then the concentration of the drug in the serum was monitored with time. The mean serum concentrations in the newborn group at various times were as follows: 38.5 micrograms/ml at 0.5 hour, 31.6 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 26.9 micrograms/m l at 2 hours, 17.8 micrograms at 4 hours and 15.5 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. For the 2 suckling infants, the mean values at those same time points were 30.5, 23.9, 16.3, 7.4 and 4.0 micrograms/ml. In addition the value for the mean serum half-life was 4.46 hours in the newborn infant group and 1.96 hours in the suckling infant group. The urinary recovery rate was 32.3% in the newborn infant group and 49.7% in the suckling infant group during 6 hours or 8 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

[Nonsurgical technique for removal of catheter fragments in the heart and the great vessels].

With the widespread use of intravenous polyethylene or silicone elastomer catheters for continuous infusion of fluids and drugs and monitoring central venous pressure, loss of catheter fragments into the central circulation has become an increasing problem. These catheter fragments have been removed from all areas of the right side circulatory system by various techniques not requiring thoracotomy. Many kinds of instruments for nonsurgical removal of these fragments have been utilized. The majority of them have been accomplished using a loop snare or a helical basket. As with loop snares and baskets, a free end of fragments is necessary for fragment entrapment. In this report the authors describe four cases with catheter fragments in the heart or the great vessels and a new nonsurgical technique using a "forceps with three or two grasping prongs for endoscope" for their removal. In the first case, we could remove the embolized catheter fragment without accessible free ends in the pulmonary artery by this method. This special forceps with two grasping prongs was applicable even for the infant and could be inserted through a No. 8 French Cordis catheter introducer. This method is extremely promising for removal of catheter fragments in the central circulatory system.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Hemodynamic effects of prostaglandin E1 during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children.

Effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and phenoxybenzamine (POB) on the hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied in 30 infants and children. Patients were grouped into three; PGE1 was given to ten patients, POB to another ten, and the other ten patients served as the control. Vasodilating drugs were withheld. PGE1 was infused at 0.01 to 0.02 microgram/kg/min during CPB, and POB at 1.0 mg/kg within the initial 10 minutes of bypass. There was a significant drop in arterial and venous pressure at the time of initiation of bypass in both the PGE1 and POB groups. In the PGE1 group in particular, such a stable hemodynamic condition of over 60 mm Hg in mean arterial pressure, 7.5 to 12.5 cmH2O in central venous pressure, 1300 to 1700 dynes . sec . cm -5 in systemic vascular resistance was maintained throughout CPB, as compared with the other two groups. PGE1 contributed to an adequate diuresis and the preservation of platelets. Our findings indicate that PGE1 has potential clinical advantages for application during CPB.

Alprostadil↗