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Biomedical subjects

M Kawamura

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawamura.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Apoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes in maternal plasma during labor and following delivery.

In eight normal mothers the effects of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) addition on the plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes (AST-s and AST-m) during labor and following delivery were investigated. The AST-s activities with and without reactivation by PLP appeared to increase immediately after delivery and they were even higher on the 4th day postpartum. On the other hand, there were significant elevations in both the AST-m activities immediately and at 2 h after delivery, but not on the 4th day postpartum. Of AST isoenzymes measured in the nonstress test, only the relative activation rate of AST-m by PLP added was significantly higher than the control value. The present study may come to the following conclusions: 1) The relative activation rate of plasma AST-m activity by PLP may be a reliable index of vitamin B6 nutritional status during pregnancy. 2) The increases in AST-m activity with and without PLP added during labor suggest a minimal damage of mitochondria in skeletal, cardiac and uterine muscle cells. 3) The AST-s isoenzyme determinations with and without PLP may be especially useful as sensitive indication of erythrocyte and/or liver damage after delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Induction of callus formation by implants of bone morphogenetic protein and associated bone matrix noncollagenous proteins.

Callus formation in the periosteal bone interface in response to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and associated bone matrix noncollagenous proteins (BMP/NCP) was investigated in mature adult rabbits. For controls byproducts of BMP/NCP purification, bone marrow, eight nonskeletal tissues, purified matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich protein (MGP), and a composite of BMP/NCP and polylactic-polyglycolic acid polymer (PLA/PGA) were also implanted in the periosteal bone interface. Quantitative microcomputer image analysis and histologic studies were performed three weeks after the implantation. BMP/NCP and bone marrow or BMP/NCP implanted over a single drill hole into the marrow cavity produced three times more new bone than the bone marrow alone. BMP/NCP alone produced twice as much new bone as bone marrow alone. Control implants of bovine serum albumin or purified MGP produced no new bone. Autogeneic minced muscle and ten nonskeletal tissue controls produced little or no bone formation. Even at one-fifth of the dose of BMP/NCP, a composite of PLA/PGA incorporating BMP/NCP showed almost the same amount of new bone as BMP alone. Histologically, the response to BMP/NCP consisted of an external callus of calcifying cartilage and woven bone. The response to subperiosteal implants of BMP/NCP or BMP/NCP with bone marrow or with minced muscle occurred with the same sequence of developmental events as seen either in embryonic skeletogenesis or in fracture callus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Increases in renal angiotensin II content and tubular angiotensin II receptors in prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats.

To examine the role of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we measured angiotensin II contents and tubular 125I-angiotensin II binding sites in the kidney of SHR and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In prehypertensive (4-week-old) SHR, not only the kidney angiotensin II content but also the angiotensin II receptor density in brush border membranes were significantly higher than in the WKY. In contrast, angiotensin II levels in the 20-week-old SHR kidneys were significantly lower than in the WKY. Acceleration of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system and the increased density of tubular angiotensin II receptors in young SHR may therefore play an important role in the development of high blood pressure in SHR.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1988

Bacteriuria, leukocytosis, and fever after transurethral prostatectomy.

Transurethral prostatectomy was performed in 71 patients, whose body temperature and leukocyte count were recorded for four days. Twenty-four of the patients had a pre- or postoperative urinary tract infection. The fever index scores (temperature X hours) of both the infected and noninfected patients increased similarly on the day of surgery and postoperative day 1; the scores of the noninfected then decreased rapidly, while those of the infected declined gradually. There was a similar pattern in leukocyte counts. It is hypothesized that the fever associated with transurethral prostatectomy in noninfected patients is a swift reaction to bacteremia, which is promptly overcome; infected patients, who do not react as quickly, experience prolonged infection and fever.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies of varicocele. 1: Clinical statistical analysis of varicocele].

A clinical statistical analysis was conducted of the patients with varicocele who visited the Department of Urology, Osaka City University, and its related hospitals. Regarding the age distribution, patients younger than 50 years old were predominant; this age group included 20 of 24 cases, or 83%. An overwhelming majority of the cases, 75%, had the main complaint of infertility; they had not been able to have children even after 2 to 3 years of marriage. The next most common complaint was swelling and/or an uncomfortable feeling of the contents of the scrotum. In all of the cases, the lesion was seen in the left side of the scrotum. When the patients were classified on the basis of the sperm count, oligospermia was predominant; it was seen in 15 cases (62.5%). A study on the relationship between the sperm count and the grade of varicocele revealed a tendency for the sperm count to show an inverse relationship with the grade. Testicular atrophy showed a direct correlation with the grade. Of the patients with varicocele, 5 patients had one or more children, while 8 patients (61.5%) complained of their inability to have a child. No particular relationship could be identified between the age at the time of visiting our Department as outpatients and the degree of testicular atrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Associative visual agnosia--a case report].

A 61 year-old right-handed man, a president of a company fell downstairs and was found unconscious on January 1, 1985. He was admitted to a hospital and he had been unresponsive for 10 days. As he recovered from the consciousness disturbance, he complained of difficulties in discrimination of common objects and in recognition of familiar faces. The patient was admitted to our hospital for the closer examination on July 29, 1985. There was no abnormality in the general physical examination on admission. Neurological examinations revealed no significant deficits except visual field disturbance. In the results of WAIS, the verbal IQ was 108, but the performance IQ was unmeasurable because of a presence of object agnosia. His spontaneous speech was fluent without paraphasia, perseveration or dysprosody. His auditory comprehension of spoken language and repetition were spared. Neuropsychological examinations revealed an impairment in the recent verbal memory, alexia, agraphia, object agnosia, color naming difficulty, prosopagnosia and visuospatial constructional disability. The patient exhibited three major neuropsychological characteristics. Firstly, the recognition of the objects which were presented by the photograph or line drawing was more severely impaired than the real objects. Secondly, the object naming difficulty was more pronounced in the presentation at an unusual angle than in the free presentation. Thirdly, the patient made poor performance in reproduction of the models by photographic presentation as compared with the presentation of the real models in the three-dimensional block construction test. The CT scan performed on January 4, 1985 demonstrated subcortical hematomas with surrounding edema in the temporo-occipital regions of both hemispheres.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Agnosia↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies on various therapy for the intractable trauma of toes and fingers in cases of diabetes mellitus and peripheral ischemic diseases].

In cases of ischemic extremities and diabetes mellitus, the trauma on finger and toe is very intractable. For such injuries amputation of extremity is indicated very often because of severe necrosis. The number of such cases has been increasing recently because many cases of these patients have arteriosclerotic arterial occlusion and diabetes mellitus, and these are correlated with the changes of aging. The number of cases of Buerger's disease has been also increasing and it is another etiology of intractable trauma in ischemic extremity. The repeated hyperbaric oxygenation, sympathetic block, warfarin therapy and insulin bath with bubbling of hyperbaric oxygen, were applied to has been of such necrosis. By these procedures, the rate of amputation of extremity decreasing. It was concluded that the surgical reconstruction of artery for ischemic extremity has never any meaning as the therapy of such intractable injuries, if blood flow in the peripheral tissue is not kept physiologically, before vascular reconstruction. In order to increase peripheral tissue circulation, the hyperbaric oxygenation, sympathetic block and warfarin therapy wer performed in many cases and these methods were very effective for intractable injuries with severe necrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Human fibrin is a physiologic delivery system for bone morphogenetic protein.

To investigate a physiologic delivery system, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in a carrier of other bone matrix noncollagenous proteins (BMP/NCP) was implanted as a composite of a fibrin clot in the thigh of a mouse. Comparable amounts of BMP/NCP alone and fibrin alone were implanted as controls. New bone yields were measured by random point analysis using a video camera and computer system and by ash weight measurement. Histologic examinations, beginning as early as three to seven days postimplantation, showed more extensive proliferation of mesenchymal cells in response to the composite than to lyophilized BMP alone. Correlated microradiographic and histologic observations showed that the composite also produced larger volumes of new bone than the BMP control group. The composite produced approximately three times more bone than BMP alone, and the difference was consistent and statistically significant. Lyophilized pellets of a composite of fibrin and BMP, prepared as volume control implants, also showed more new bone formation than the BMP alone, but the differences were less than with the wet clot composites. The relatively high yields of new bone from both wet clot and lyophilized composites suggest that the fibrin clot may perform an immunochemical function and act as a distributor of BMP. A human fibrin delivery system for BMP warrants further investigation for reconstructive orthopedic operations.

Animals↗