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Biomedical subjects

M Kawamoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawamoto.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pulmonary vascular response to anaphylaxis in isolated canine lungs.

We determined changes in vascular resistance and microvascular permeability during anaphylactic reaction in isolated canine lungs perfused at constant pressure with autologous blood. In lungs with anaphylaxis induced by an intra-arterial injection of Ascaris suum antigen (10 mg), pulmonary vascular resistance and capillary pressure assessed as double occlusion pressure increased transiently by 10 times and 6.3 mmHg, respectively. Pre- to postcapillary vascular resistance ratio decreased from 0.89 +/- 0.05 to 0.21 +/- 0.06, suggesting predominant pulmonary venoconstriction. In lungs perfused in the antidromic direction from the pulmonary vein to the artery, anaphylaxis caused marked precapillary vasoconstriction, consistent with pulmonary venoconstriction. Vascular permeability assessed using the capillary filtration coefficient and isogravimetric capillary pressure did not change significantly for 3 h in either group. No changes were found in any variables in the saline-injected control lungs. The final weight of the anaphylactic lungs was significantly greater than that of the control lungs. Thus we conclude that anaphylaxis in isolated canine lung produces an increase in capillary pressure due to pulmonary venoconstriction without significant changes in vascular permeability. Pulmonary edema accompanied by anaphylactic hypotension may result from an increase in pulmonary hydrostatic intravascular pressure but not an increase in pulmonary vascular permeability.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1992

Acute pulmonary edema after intravenous liquid halothane in dogs.

Intravenous liquid halothane causes severe pulmonary edema when administered for suicide attempts. This study was carried out to elucidate the cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous liquid halothane in 14 dogs. Subjects were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 4) was the control; group 2 (n = 5) received 7.5 mmol intravenous liquid halothane; and group 3 (n = 5) received pretreatment of continuous infusion of prostaglandin E1 at a rate of 0.02 microgram.kg-1.min-1, followed by 7.5 mmol intravenous liquid halothane. Hemodynamic values, extravascular lung water, and arterial blood gas tensions were measured for 240 min. In group 2, thromboxane B2, beta-glucuronidase, and lipid peroxides were measured in four of five dogs. In group 2, intravenous liquid halothane caused pulmonary edema associated with hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, and left ventricular dysfunction. In group 3, prostaglandin E1, given to reduce pulmonary vasoconstriction and left ventricular preload, aggravated hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension and impaired left ventricular contractility, although end-diastolic left ventricular pressure was low. Thromboxane B2 increased, whereas beta-glucuronidase and lipid peroxides did not change after administration of intravenous halothane. We conclude that pulmonary edema induced by intravenous liquid halothane was due to direct pulmonary vascular damage, and that pulmonary vasoconstriction and increased left ventricular preload were not contributory causes.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of serum fructosamine concentration as an index of blood glucose control in cats with diabetes mellitus.

Fructosamine, a glycated serum protein, was evaluated as an index of glycemic control in normal and diabetic cats. Fructosamine was determined manually by use of a modification of an automated method. The within-run precision was 2.4 to 3.2%, and the day-to-day precision was 2.7 to 3.1%. Fructosamine was found to be stable in serum samples stored for 1 week at 4 C and for 2 weeks at -20 C. The reference range for serum fructosamine concentration in 31 clinically normal colony cats was 2.19 to 3.47 mmol/L (mean, 2.83 +/- 0.32 mmol/L). In 27 samples from 16 cats with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, the range for fructosamine concentration was 3.04 to 8.83 mmol/L (mean, 5.93 +/- 1.35 mmol/L). Fructosamine concentration was directly and highly correlated to blood glucose concentration. Fructosamine concentration also remained high in consort with increased blood glucose concentration in cats with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus over extended periods. It is concluded that measurement of serum fructosamine concentration can be a valuable adjunct to blood glucose monitoring to evaluate glycemic control in diabetic cats. The question of whether fructosamine can replace glucose for monitoring control of diabetes mellitus requires further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of atropine and pirenzepine on bronchoconstriction during vagus nerve stimulation in dogs].

The effects of atropine or pirenzepine on bronchoconstriction and reduction in heart rate during vagus nerve stimulation were studied in 10 anesthetized dogs. The bronchoconstriction produced by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves, 5 min after intravenous injection of atropine or pirenzepine, was recorded as an increase in pulmonary inflation pressure. Atropine and pirenzepine at the doses of 0.01 mg.kg-1 and 0.2 mg.kg-1 respectively were administered and supplemented twice at 30 min intervals. Atropine inhibited the reduction in heart rate more than pirenzepine at all doses. Pirenzepine inhibited the increase in pulmonary inflation pressure more than atropine. Our results suggest that pirenzepine which inhibits bronchoconstriction is useful in patients with bronchial asthma and/or COPD as an anticholinergic agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of paraesophageal bronchogenic cyst with esophageal communication].

A case of mediastinal bronchogenic cyst communicating with the esophagus was reported. Previously, only 2 cases have been reported in the available literature. A 34-year-old man was admitted with a cystic mass communicating with the esophagus which was demonstrated on a barium study. Operation was performed with a suspect of esophageal diverticulum or congenital cyst with esophageal communication. At right thoracotomy, a mass measuring 6.0 x 5.0 cm with a well-defined patent communication to the esophagus was resected. It was a monolocular cyst containing a small amount of viscous mucus. Histologically, the cyst lined by a ciliated columnar epithelium, and it was diagnosed as a bronchogenic cyst because of the presence of the mucous glands, smooth muscle tissue and cartilage. This is the first case report of mediastinal bronchogenic cyst with esophageal communication appeared in the Japanese literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Relation of fructosamine to serum protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations in healthy and diabetic dogs.

The relation of the glycated serum protein, fructosamine, to serum protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations was examined in healthy dogs, dogs with hypo- or hyperproteinemia, and diabetic dogs. Fructosamine was determined by use of an adaptation of an automated kit method. The reference range for fructosamine in a composite group of control dogs was found to be 1.7 to 3.38 mmol/L (mean +/- SD, 2.54 +/- 0.42 mmol/L). Fructosamine was not correlated to serum total protein, but was highly correlated to albumin in dogs with hypoalbuminemia. To normalize the data with respect to albumin, it is suggested that the lower limit of the reference range for albumin concentration (2.5 g/dl) be used for adjustment of fructosamine concentration and only in hypoalbuminemic dogs. In 6 hyperglycemic diabetic dogs, fructosamine concentration was well above the reference range. It is concluded that although fructosamine may be a potentially useful guide to assess the average blood glucose concentration over the preceding few days in dogs, further study is required to establish its value as a guide to glucose control in diabetic dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Formulae to evaluate circulatory stability during anesthesia].

We analyzed anesthetic records to obtain formulae to evaluate circulatory stability during anesthesia. Eight anesthesiologists graded circulatory stability based on 67 consecutive anesthetic records. Median of the grade, on the maximum of 10 points, was determined as the criterion variables for multiple regression analysis. The explanatory variables were: age, weight, height, heart rate, anesthesia time and systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure. Interdependent parameters were not used for this analysis. Adequate numbers of the explanatory variables were determined when Akaike's information criterion (AIC) was minimal. Two different analytical methods were used. One of the most suitable formulae to express circulatory stability throughout anesthesia was: 9.28-0.012 x A-0.017 x SPmax + 0.013 x SPmin-0.009 x HRmax A: age (year) SPmax: maximal value in systolic blood pressure (mmHg) SPmin: minimal value in systolic blood pressure (mmHg) HRmax: maximal value in heart rate (bpm) We conclude that these formulae obtained are useful to evaluate circulatory stability during anesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Regional metabolic abnormality in relation to perfusion and wall motion in patients with myocardial infarction: assessment with emission tomography using an iodinated branched fatty acid analog.

The clinical usefulness of single-photon tomography using both a beta-methyl-branched fatty acid analog, 123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-methyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) and 201TI was assessed in 4 normal subjects and 28 patients with myocardial infarction. A homogeneous distribution of the tracer in the left ventricular myocardium was observed in each normal subject. BMIPP uptake was decreased compared to 201TI (discordant) in 17/28 patients (61%) and in 49/196 myocardial segments (25%). Such discordant BMIPP uptake was observed more often in areas of acute myocardial infarction (59% at less than or equal to 4 wk versus 31% at greater than 4 wk after onset) (p less than 0.01) and areas supplied with revascularized arteries (74% for revascularized versus 28% for nonrevascularized areas) (p less than 0.01). In addition, the discordant BMIPP uptake was seen more often in the segments exhibiting a wall motion score lower than the perfusion score (46%) in comparison to segments showing a similar decrease in both the wall motion and perfusion scores (12%) (p less than 0.01). Thus, BMIPP imaging may play a major role in increasing our understanding of the relationship between perfusion and wall motion, particularly in patients with acute myocardial infarction and those who received revascularization therapy.

Fatty Acids↗
PubMed1991

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of bovine heart mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex.

Cytochrome bc1 complex (ubiquinol:ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase, EC. 1.10.2.2) from bovine heart mitochondria was crystallized by a batchwise method from protein solution containing sucrose monolaurate using polyethylene glycol-4000 as a precipitant. The red parallelepiped crystals grew to a size of approximately 1 mm x 1 mm x 1 mm. The crystalline protein showed enzymic activity catalyzing electron transfer from ubiquinol-2 to cytochrome c. The subunit composition and absorption spectrum of the crystalline enzyme were identical to those reported previously for the enzyme in solution. The crystal diffracted X-rays to 7.5 A resolution. The diffraction pattern indicated a monoclinic form, space group P2(1), and unit-cell constants of a = 196 A, b = 179 A, c = 253 A and beta = 97 degrees. Most probably four functional units are present in an asymmetric unit.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Metabolic reserve in normal myocardium assessed by positron emission tomography with C-11 palmitate.

Positron emission tomography (PET) with C-11 palmitate has been used in estimating the myocardial utilization of free fatty acid. To assess the metabolic reserve in normal subjects, a PET study was performed at control and during dobutamine infusion at 2 hour intervals in 5 normal subjects. Following monoexponential curve fitting of the time activity curve of the myocardium, the clearance half time (min) and residual fraction (%) were calculated as indices of beta-oxidation of free fatty acid. A significant increase in the heart rate and systolic blood pressure were observed during dobutamine infusion (65 +/- 5 vs 100 +/- 29 bpm, p less than 0.05 and 119 +/- 12 vs 144 +/- 16 mmHg, p less than 0.01, respectively). The clearance half time and the residual fraction were significantly decreased (23.4 +/- 2.6 vs 15.8 +/- 2.3 min and 67.0 +/- 2.5 vs 58.6 +/- 4.0%, P less than 0.05, each). When the left ventricular myocardium was divided into 4 segments, these indices were similar at control and uniformly decreased without regional differences during dobutamine infusion. These data suggest that beta-oxidation of free fatty acid may be uniformly increased in the left ventricular myocardium in relation to the increase in cardiac work in normal subjects. PET with C-11 palmitate at control and during dobutamine infusion is considered to be promising in assessing metabolic reserve in the myocardium.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Circulatory stability and plasma lidocaine levels during continuous and intermittent thoracic epidural analgesia.

Circulatory stability and plasma levels of lidocaine were investigated in 20 patients who received thoracic epidural analgesia with plain lidocaine during elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. In one group, bolus injection of 8 ml of 2% lidocaine was followed by volumetric continuous pump-driven infusion (CPI) of 8 ml of 1.5% lidocaine per hour. In the other group, the same initial bolus injection was followed by repetitive intermittent bolus infusions (RII) of 6 ml of 1.5% lidocaine at a 45 min-interval. Circulatory stability was evaluated by a discriminant function. The results showed that epidural analgesia produced smaller circulatory fluctuations with CPI than with RII. Venous plasma lidocaine levels were consistently higher with CPI than with RII. Plasma levels increased stepwise with RII and kept constant with CPI. Differences in plasma levels were significant from 20 min after the initial injection to 135 min. We therefore conclude that epidural analgesia with CPI is superior to that with RII. However, it must be remembered that higher plasma levels may occur with CPI than with RII.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

[Value of fatty acid imaging using 123I-beta-methyl iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) to assess viability of infarcted myocardium].

To evaluate clinical value of a new fatty acid imaging tracer, 123I-beta-methyl iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP), 27 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) underwent BMIPP imaging at rest. The results were compared with those of thallium-201 imaging and contrast ventriculography. Of 100 hypoperfused segments on thallium-201 imaging, 34 segments (34%) showed lower BMIPP uptake than thallium-201, and remaining 66 segments showed similar distribution of those tracers. This discrepancy was more often observed in a patients with acute or subacute stages of MI (less than 4 weeks from onset) than those with chronic stage of MI (greater than 4 weeks) (75% vs. 47%; p less than 0.005). In addition, in the patients with chronic stage of MI, the regional wall motion abnormality was less severe in those showing discrepant BMIPP uptake than those showing concordant distribution (the wall motion score: 1.33 +/- 0.62 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.99; p less than 0.05). Furthermore, redistribution on stress thallium-201 imaging was more often observed in than those showing concordant distribution (12%) than those showing concordant distribution (12%) (p less than 0.005). These preliminary study indicates that discrepant distribution of BMIPP and thallium-201 may be often observed, particularly in recent MI and those showing less wall motion abnormality and redistribution on stress thallium-201 imaging. Thus, the combined study of BMIPP and thallium-201 has a potential for assessing tissue viability in patients with MI.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of 99mTc-hexakis 2-methoxy-2-isobutyl isonitrile and 201Tl SPECT imaging for evaluation of coronary artery disease].

To evaluate clinical value of 99mTc-hexakis 2-methoxy-2-isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) imaging for assessing coronary artery disease (CAD), 99mTc-MIBI SPECT imaging at post-exercise and at rest was compared with 201Tl SPECT imaging at post-exercise and 3 hours redistribution in 27 patients suspected with CAD. The sensitivities for detecting CAD patients were 94% (17/18) by both studies. The specificities were 71% (5/7) by 99mTc-MIBI and 57% (4/7) by 201Tl (p = NS). The sensitivities for detecting stenosed coronary arteries (greater than or equal to 75% stenosis) were also similar between 99mTc-MIBI (78%) and 201Tl (74%) (p = NS). The similar specificity values were obtained by 99mTc-MIBI (84%) and by 201Tl (82%) (p = NS). The patterns of abnormality (normal, ischemia and scar) were similar between 99mTc-MIBI and 201Tl images in 22 of the 25 cases (88%) and 117 of the 125 segments (94%). However, these patterns were occasionally different particularly in patients who received PTCA or CABG. Thus, 99mTc-MIBI SPECT imaging seems to be as accurate as 201Tl SPECT imaging for the detecting and evaluating CAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical and pharmacokinetics studies of ceftriaxone upon 2g once daily administration in respiratory tract infections].

Clinical studies on ceftriaxone (CTRX) were conducted with 2 g once daily administration to respiratory tract infections. In addition, CTRX concentrations in serum, sputum and urine were determined. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Clinical responses to CTRX in a total of 29 cases with respiratory tract infections were excellent in 7 cases, good in 13, fair in 8 and poor in 1 with a response rate of 69.0%. 2. CTRX concentrations in serum, sputum and urine (total and free body) were determined in 3 cases after intravenous drip infusion of 2g CTRX. Peak levels in sputum were 2.6 to 7.8 micrograms/ml, and CTRX maintained high sputum levels for 12 to 24 hours after administration.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Simple quantification of regional myocardial uptake of fluorine-18-deoxyglucose in the fasting condition.

Quantitative measurement of myocardial uptake of fluorine-18-deoxyglucose (FDG) is required for assessing tissue viability in the fasting state due to suppressed FDG uptake in the normal myocardium. A simple FDG uptake index (% dose per 100 ml tissue) has been introduced to compare with the fractional FDG uptake in 21 patients who underwent serial arterial blood sampling (14 under fasting and 7 under post-prandial conditions) and to measure the normal range in each myocardial segment in the study of 10 normal subjects (all in the fasting condition). Since the integral of plasma FDG values correlated with the body-weight corrected injected FDG dose (r = 0.82), an excellent correlation was observed between the FDG uptake index and the fractional FDG uptake (r = 0.98) in the fasting condition. In addition, the FDG uptake index correlated well with the regional metabolic rate of glucose calculated with the Patlak graphic analysis (r = 0.99). But this correlation was different in the postprandial condition and in the fasting condition in diabetic patients. In the study of normal subjects, the FDG uptake index was slightly higher in the lateral and inferior segments, as compared to the septal and anterior segments (p less than 0.05, each). We conclude that the FDG uptake index is considered as a simple and reliable parameter for quantitative assessment of myocardial FDG uptake in the nondiabetic patients in the fasting condition. Since its uptake was heterogeneous, FDG uptake should be carefully evaluated for assessing myocardial viability by comparing normal values in each segment.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on right ventricular performance in surgical treatment for primary lung cancer--especially in changes of right ventricular ejection fraction in acute phase].

In surgical treatment for lung cancer, increase of right ventricular afterload associated with decrease of pulmonary vascular bed after lung resection is serious problem in acute phase. Intensive care is necessary for the patients having major surgery, especially in aged. Until now, we have studied on pre and post operative extravascular lung water (EVLW) in addition to measurement of conventional hemodynamic changes on right ventricular afterload. And then, we have discussed when we should start to care intensively for degradation of compensatory hyperdynamic change. According to percent exchanges (delta %) between pre and post operative measurement, we established following criterion 1) delta %HR greater than 150% 2) delta SVI less than 60% 3) delta % PARI greater than 200% 4) observed postoperative EVLW greater than predicted postoperative EVLW. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation with these criterion and RVEF in 14 patients using a rapid computerized thermodilution method on right cardiac function in acute phase. We found that 1) changes of RVEF seem to depend on endsystolic volume 2) RVEF decreased just after operation and then slowly increased until 48 hours 3) PARI elevated to 194 +/- 117% in average at 6 to 24 hours showing significant inversed linear correlation to changes of RVEF (R = -0.54). The patients having prolonged elevation of PARI showed degradation of cardiac output and RVEF. RVSWI showed compensative acceleration gradually with increased right ventricular afterload.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗