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Biomedical subjects

M Kawakami

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawakami.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Shear bond strength of amalgam adhesives to dentin.

This study compared the bond strength of resinous adhesives used to bond amalgam to dentin. The adhesives were: All-Bond 2 (AB), Liner-F (LF), SuperBond C&B (SB), Amalgambond (AM), Photo Bond (PB), and Panavia (PA). Occlusal surfaces of non-carious molars were ground wet to 600 grit finish, exposing dentin. The dentin surfaces were conditioned and the adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' instructions. Dispersalloy amalgam (D) was condensed onto the adhesive immediately. For comparison, resin composite, Photo Posterior (PO) and Bis-Fil (BIS) were used. After 24 hours of storage in 100% humidity at room temperature, shear bond strengths were determined with a shear testing jig in an Instron testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The data were compared using ANOVA, P < 0.01. AB, LF, D had significantly higher bond strengths than other amalgam adhesives. There was no significant difference between SB, D and PB, PO. Bond strength of PB, PA, D was significantly higher than PA, D. Thus, there were significant differences among adhesives for bonding amalgams. Amalgam to dentin and composite to dentin bond strength were comparable except for the All-Bond groups. Fracture patterns at the dentin/restoration interfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

A high frequency of apolipoprotein E4 isoprotein in Japanese patients with late-onset nonfamilial Alzheimer's disease.

Phenotypes of apolipoprotein E (apo E) were determined by the iso-electric focusing method in 42 Japanese patients with nonfamilial late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 96 age-matched controls without hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes. There was a striking difference in the distribution of apo E phenotypes between patients with AD and controls (P < 0.0001). Such a difference was mostly attributable to different frequencies of phenotypes E4/3 and E3/3. The apo E4/3 phenotype was detected in 24 (57.1%) of 42 patients with AD, more than six times oftener than in nine (9.4%) of 96 controls. In contrast, apo E3/3, which is the most common apo E phenotype in various ethnic groups, was detected in only 15 (35.7%) patients with AD. These results indicate a strong association between apo E4 isoprotein and Japanese late-onset nonfamilial AD, and that apo E4 is a possible risk factor for the development of this type of AD.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A new member of the C1s family of complement proteins found in a bactericidal factor, Ra-reactive factor, in human serum.

The Ra-reactive factor (RaRF) found in vertebrate sera activates the C4 and C2 components of complement. The C4/C2-activating component of mouse RaRF has been found to contain a 100-kDa serine protease called P100. In the present study, we cloned a cDNA with cDNA of mouse RaRF P100 as a probe from a human liver cDNA library. An open reading frame of 2097 nucleotides encoding a protein of 699 residues was found in the cloned cDNA of 4489 nucleotides. This protein exhibits 87.4% amino acid homology with mouse P100, and 36.4% and 37.1% homologies with that of the C1r and C1s subcomponents of human complement, respectively. The characteristic nodules and domain of C1r and C1s were highly conserved in this protein. This indicates that the P100, together with the C1r and C1s, forms a unique protein family having the same module/domain constitution.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Presence of a serine protease in the complement-activating component of the complement-dependent bactericidal factor, RaRF, in mouse serum.

A 100-kDa protein was isolated from the complement-activating component of mouse Ra-reactive factor. It generated a 29-kDa chain upon reduction. Partial amino acid sequences of the 29-kDa chain were determined after fragmentation with CNBr. A 386-bp-long probe was synthesized by the polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers designed by reference to the amino acid sequence. Using this probe, we cloned a 3.7-kb DNA from a mouse liver cDNA library. The amino acid sequence of the 29-kDa chain deduced from the nucleotide sequence of this cDNA was consistent with the amino acid sequences determined. The full sequence was found to have characteristics of a serine protease and exhibited 29% and 30% homologies with those of light chains of the C1r and C1s subcomponents of complement, respectively.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Activation of the C4 and C2 components of complement by a proteinase in serum bactericidal factor, Ra reactive factor.

Ra-reactive factor (RaRF) is a C-dependent bactericidal factor that binds specifically to LPS of Ra chemotype strains of Salmonella and kills the bacteria by triggering the C cascade. In the present study, we investigated the components of mouse RaRF that activate C4 and C2. The RaRF bound to LPS-coated E, and activated the C4 on the surface of E, causing the C4 to bind to the cells. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) bound to RaRF and inhibited its ability to activate C4 and C2. Cleavage of the alpha-chain of C4 by RaRF generated a polypeptide with a size similar to that of the alpha'-chain of C4b, which is known to be a product of the cleavage of C4 by C1s subcomponent of C1. A fraction with the ability to activate C4 and C2 was separated from RaRF by gel-permeation chromatography in the presence of EDTA and acetonitrile. This fraction contained a DFP-binding polypeptide with an apparent m.w. of 100,000. This polypeptide is not the C1s in mouse C1 because the sizes of this polypeptide and of the fragments produced by its reduction were different from those of DFP-binding proteinases in mouse C1. These results indicate that mouse RaRF contains a C1s-like serine proteinase that is capable of activating C4 and, probably, C2.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Adhesion and microleakage tests of a new dentin bonding system.

Adhesion to dentin and microleakage of a new dentin bonding system was studied. The new system includes a low viscosity lightly filled Bis-GMA based resin liner which is placed between the phosphate ester-containing adhesive layer and the composite. This system was compared to dentin bonding agents based on: 1) HEMA and Bis-GMA and 2) PMDM and NTG-GMA. The phosphate ester system was used with and without the low viscosity resin. Each system was used with its corresponding posterior composite. All groups were tested by shear and tensile bond testing immediately and up to 6 mon after bonding. Microleakage of the three systems was tested in Class V restorations by dye penetration. The results of the shear and tensile tests indicated that significant changes within groups occurred with time, and significant differences appeared between groups at various times. The use of low viscosity resin with the phosphate ester system resulted in decreased leakage. The amount of leakage observed was related to early shear bond strength. This study suggests that the properties of the layer immediately adjacent to the adhesive may affect the performance of the system.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1993

Defects of the rat premaxilla as a model of alveolar clefts for testing bone-inductive agents.

Critical-sized defects were made in the premaxillary bone of Wistar male rats using a surgical trephine and a low-speed dental engine as a model of the maxillary alveolar cleft for testing bone-inductive agents. The defects were treated with either 7 mg of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) or were left nongrafted. The nongrafted group healed mainly with fibrous connective tissue, with a small amount of bone formation at the periphery. There was no significant change in alkaline phosphatase activity and 45Ca incorporation. The DBM-grafted group produced new bone with osseous bridging in the defect by day 35. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly from day 10, reaching a maximum on day 14, and 45Ca incorporation increased on day 14. These results indicate that this nonhealing bony wound of the premaxilla in rats may be useful as a model for studying the effect of bone-inductive agents on the healing of alveolar clefts.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Transient rise in serum interleukin-8 concentration during acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether interleukin-8 (IL-8, a potent activator of neutrophils) is involved in tissue injury during ischaemia and reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. SETTING: Teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Five consecutive patients with acute Q-wave myocardial infarction, two patients with stable angina who underwent elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and 10 normal controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Serum IL-8 concentration measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) over time (every four, eight or 12 hours for 36-72 hours). RESULTS: All five patients with acute myocardial infarction had a transient but significant rise in serum IL-8 concentration (13-1100 ng/l) within 22 hours after the onset of symptoms, whereas IL-8 was not detected in any of the samples from patients with angina pectoris or normal controls. One patient who died of pump failure and two patients who had mild congestive heart failure showed the highest values (1100, 920, and 190 ng/l respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Serum IL-8 concentration showed a transient rise during the very early phase of acute myocardial infarction. In combination with several recent lines of evidence indicating the importance of injurious activities of neutrophils as a cause of tissue damage in acute myocardial infarction and the potent stimulation of neutrophils by IL-8, these results strongly suggest that IL-8 is important in the development of myocardial injury in acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pulmonary aspergilloma successfully treated with long-term intermittent inhalation therapy with miconazole.

A 63-year-old man developed pulmonary aspergilloma and was given antifungal agents systemically. However adverse reactions, including renal dysfunction and gastric ulcer necessitated discontinuation of the treatment. Transbronchial infusion of miconazole was also unsuccessful because of an asthmatic attack during the procedure. Inhalation of miconazole was started once a week, resulting in remarkable improvement after 6 months of treatment both symptomatically and radiologically without any adverse reactions. We believe that long-term intermittent inhalation therapy with miconazole is well tolerated and useful in patients with aspergilloma, particularly when systemic treatment is difficult because of other underlying diseases or adverse reactions.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

Double filtration plasmapheresis in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis-systemic lupus erythematosus overlap.

Double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) therapy was administered to a patient with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)-systemic lupus erythematosus overlap. The patient had suffered from recurrent AIH attacks with an interval of 3-4 months despite massive corticosteroid administration. After vigorous removal of immunoglobulins by DFPP procedures combined with immunosuppressive therapies, clinical and laboratory findings of AIH were remarkably improved. DFPP might be an optional modality in the treatment of AIH patients, especially for those who are resistant to and/or cannot tolerate massive corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical evaluation of age-related changes of bone mineral content of cortical and trabecular bones by dual energy QCT].

The potential capability of a new dual energy (DE) quantitative computed tomography (QCT) method, 4-equation 4-unknown method (DEQCT4E-4U), was evaluated for estimation of bone mineral density (BMD) as well as bone mineral content/cm width (BMC) in trabecular bone of lumbar vertebrae. Cortical BMD and BMC were also estimated by the single energy QCT method (SEQCT 80 kVp) and the age-related change of cortical BMD and the cortical BMC/trabecular BMC ratio was also studied. The result indicated that the estimation of the BMD combining analysis of BMC in trabecular bone obtained by the present method provides further knowledge concerning vertebral trabecular bone mineral status. The profiles of the age-related changes of the cortical BMD and cortical BMC/trabecular BMC ratio in females were markedly different from those in males. These results indicated that our method combining analysis of BMC (BMD) of cortical bone and trabecular bone was also found to provide valuable information to evaluate the vertebral bone mineral status.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

[Optimal way of administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the treatment of urological cancer].

Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) was administered to patients with bladder cancer, ureteral cancer and testicular cancer following chemotherapy. Chemotherapy included 23 courses of M-VAC (Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Adriamycin, Cisplatin) therapy to patients with bladder cancer or ureteral cancer and 10 courses of EP (Etoposide, Cisplatin) therapy to patients with testicular cancer. During M-VAC chemotherapy, about a half of the patients experienced leukopenia below 3000/mm3 until the 11th day. Leukopenia failed to improve promptly when G-CSF was started after leukocytes decreased below 3000/mm3. On the other hand, 5-days of prophylactic administrations of G-CSF from the 9th day of M-VAC therapy were able to increase leukocytes promptly. In EP chemotherapy against testicular tumor, G-CSF was started on the 9th day and continued for 5 days. Leukocytes increased immediately and the average duration of leukopenia below 3000/mm3 was only 1.2 day. These results indicate that a short term of prophylactic administration of G-CSF following these chemotherapies is able to accelerate a recovery from leukopenia and decrease a risk of bacterial infection. G-CSF is proposed to be enrolled in the treatment of urological cancer for the improvement of safety and the outcome of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Physicochemical properties of sputum from patients with immotile cilia syndrome].

Sputum samples were collected from 15 immotile cilia syndrome (ICS) cases, 12 diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) cases, and 11 bronchiectasis without ICS (BE) cases, during stable clinical state, to clarify the physicochemical properties of sputum from patients with ICS and to compare them with the properties of sputum from patients with DPB and BE. We measured sputum rheological properties and concentrations of several biochemical components. In ICS, spinnability was higher than that in DPB. No significant difference was seen between ICS and the other cases regarding other rheological properties. Albumin was lower, but fucose, sialic acid, and IgA were higher in ICS than in DPB. Although no significant difference was seen between ICS and BE, the sialic acid/albumin ratio was higher and the sialic acid/fucose ratio was lower in ICS than in BE. These results revealed that sputum from ICS cases was characterized by an absolutely or relatively increased mucus component with high spinnability and by a decreased extravascular transudate component. In view of these rheological properties, sputum from ICS cases was not always indicated to be associated with efficiency in cough clearance. The results suggested that chronic airway inflammation in ICS is not such a serious problem compared with DPB and BE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacological studies on a new dihydrothienopyridine calcium antagonist. 1st communication: comparative studies on the cardiovascular effects of methyl-4,7-dihydro-3-isobutyl-6-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)thieno[2,3- b]pyridine-5-carboxylate and its two enantiomers in experimental animals.

Antihypertensive effects in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), cardiovascular effects in anesthetized dogs, and calcium antagonistic effects in the rabbit isolated basilar arteries and guinea-pig isolated coronary arteries of S-312 (methyl-4,7-dihydro-3-isobutyl-6-methyl-4- (3-nitrophenyl) thieno [2,3-b] pyridine-5-carboxylate) and its two enantiomers were comparatively investigated. The antihypertensive effect in SHR and hypotensive effect in anesthetized dogs of S-312-d (CAS 120056-57-7) were approximately 2 times more potent than those of S-312, but these effects of S-312-l were very weak even at 10 to 100 times higher doses. Increases of vertebral blood flow in dogs with S-312 and S-312-d were almost corresponding. The IC50 concentrations of S-312-d, S-312, S-312-l in the rabbit isolated basilar arteries contracted with high K+ solution were 1.4 x 10(-10) mol/l, 2.2 x 10(-10) mol/l, and 4.6 x 10(-9) mol/l, respectively. The relaxing effect of S-312-d in the isolated coronary arteries was most potent, followed by those of S-312 and S-312-l. It is concluded that the cardiovascular and calcium antagonistic effect of S-312-d are mainly responsible for those effects of S-312.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacological studies on a new dihydrothienopyridine calcium antagonist. 3rd communication: antihypertensive effects of S-(+)-methyl-4,7-dihydro-3-isobutyl-6-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)thieno[2, 3-b] pyridine-5-carboxylate in hypertensive rats and dogs.

Hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of S-312-d (S-(+)-methyl-4,7-dihydro-3-isobutyl-6-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)thieno[2, 3- b]pyridine-5-carboxylate, CAS 120056-57-7) in Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP), and DOCA-salt hypertensive rat (DOCA-HR) were compared with those of other representative calcium antagonists. The minimal effective hypotensive dose of S-312-d in WKY was 3 mg/kg p.o. and those in SHR, SHRSP, and DOCA-HR were 1 mg/kg p.o. in gum arabic suspension. The minimal antihypertensive dose of S-312-d in polyethylene glycol solution was 0.3 mg/kg p.o. in SHRSP. The antihypertensive effects of S-312-d was the most potent and long-lasting compared with the calcium antagonists, nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, nilvadipine, and flunarizine. In conscious two-kidney Goldblatt-type hypertensive dogs, a significant antihypertensive effect and concomitant increases of heart rate with S-312-d at 1 mg/kg lasted for 4 to 6 h after oral administration. Determination of the plasma concentration of S-312-d by HPLC showed that more than 4.3 ng/ml of S-312-d is required for a significant antihypertensive effect. Subcutaneous administration of atenolol at 20 mg/kg 30 min before S-312-d significantly inhibited the tachycardia with S-312-d at 1 mg/kg p.o. but not its antihypertensive effect. S-312-d is considered useful for the treatment of essential hypertension and related organ disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacological studies on a new dihydrothienopyridine calcium antagonist. 4th communication: prophylactic and therapeutic effects of S-(+)-methyl-4,7-dihydro-3-isobutyl-6-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)thieno[2, 3- b]pyridine-5-carboxylate in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of S-312-d (S-(+)-methyl-4,7-dihydro-3-isobutyl-6-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)thieno[2, 3- b]pyridine-5-carboxylate, CAS 120056-57-7) were compared with those of nimodipine or nicardipine using male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). The survival rate of SHRSP was dose-dependently increased by once a day oral administration of S-312-d (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg) or nimodipine (10 mg/kg), while all non-treated SHRSP fed with high Na+ diet died within 40 days after the start of the experiment. All SHRSP treated with 3 mg/kg S-312-d survived during the 60-day experiment periods. Marked decreases of body weights and various neurological symptoms were also inhibited with S-312-d or nimodipine. Moderate diuretic effects were observed with S-312-d at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg. The appearance of urinary occult blood in control SHRSP was markedly inhibited with S-312-d at 1 mg/kg and nimodipine at 10 mg/kg. Histological examination of the brain of SHRSP showed that cerebral stroke lesion including edema, hemorrhage, and/or softening was dose-dependently inhibited with S-312-d. Once a day oral administration of S-312-d (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased the body weights and improved the neurological symptoms of diseased SHRSP. The appearance of proteinuria and of occult blood in the urine of SHRSP were also markedly inhibited with S-312-d or nicardipine. Histological examination of the brain of SHRSP showed that the arbitrary neurotoxic index (ANI) for stroke lesion dose-dependently decreased with S-312-d at 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg as follows: 4.8, 3.0, 2.3. The ANI for non-treated SHRSP was 7.6. The therapeutic effects of nicardipine (ANI 3.9) at 10 mg/kg corresponded to those of S-312-d at 3 mg/kg. Thus, S-312-d can be recommended for the treatment of cerebral insufficiency or vasospasm following stroke as well as in essential hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Thyroid hormones in patients with clinical stable pneumoconiosis].

It is well established that alterations of serum thyroid indices frequently occur in nonthyroid disease. The most common finding is a reduced serum T3 concentration in systemic illness, termed low T3 syndrome. It is considered that this syndrome is a beneficial adaptation to severe illness and reflects the duration and severity of illness. We measured serum thyroid hormones, pulmonary functions, and arterial blood gases in 245 patients (mean: 67.0 years) with clinical stable pneumoconiosis, and investigated the relations of thyroid hormones and other measurements. We also investigated the relation of thyroid hormones and radiographic findings. 1) There was a significant correlation between serum level of free T3 and %VC (p < 0.05), and between serum level of free T3 and FEV1.0 (p < 0.01). 2) There was no apparent correlation between serum level of free T3 and other pulmonary functions (V25/HT, FEV1.0%). 3) There was no apparent correlation between serum level of free T3 and blood gases (PaO2, PaCO2 and A-aDO2). 4) There was no apparent correlation between serum level of free T3 and radiographic findings. 5) Serum levels of free T4 and T4 showed no apparent correlations with other parameters. These results suggest that serum level of free T3 can be helpful to evaluate the clinical severity in patients with pneumoconiosis.

Aged↗