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Biomedical subjects

M Kawaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawaguchi.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Histological features of palatine tonsils in pustulosis palmaris et plantaris: a morphometric study.

The morphological expression of the immune response of palatine tonsils obtained from patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP) was investigated by morphometry in conjunction with immunohistochemistry. First, to differentiate the histological features of tonsils between PPP and habitual tonsillitis, each extent of the T cell dependent areas (T nodules), B cell dependent areas (lymph follicles), germinal centers, mixed areas of T cells and B cells, and lacunar epithelium was measured and compared on 38 patients with PPP and 47 with habitual tonsillitis, respectively. The most remarkable findings in PPP were enlargement of the secondary T nodules, and atrophy of the lymph follicles with a decrease in number of the germinal center cells and fibrosis. These changes of lymph follicles were similar to those in the older patients with habitual tonsillitis, which suggests the intensely advanced stage of the immune response within the tonsils. Second, the histological structures of the tonsils of 15 tonsillectomy effective cases (88.2%) was compared with those of two non-effective cases in curing skin lesions. The histological structure in the non-effective cases was very similar to that in habitual tonsillitis cases. This indicates that the histological findings may be useful in predicting the effects of tonsillectomy on PPP.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Immunological properties and ganglioside recognitions by Campylobacter jejuni-enterotoxin and cholera toxin.

The immunological properties of Campylobacter jejuni enterotoxin (CJT) and cholera toxin (CT) were compared by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting analysis with antiserum against each toxin. Antibody against CJT recognized the 68, 54 and 43 kDa polypeptides of CJT and the 11 kDa subunit of CT, whereas antibody against CT recognized the 68 and 54 kDa polypeptides of CJT and 11 kDa subunit of CT. The immunological reactions between the heterogeneous combinations of toxins and the antibodies were weaker than those between the homogenous systems. Thus, different antigenicity was found in CJT and CT at the subunit level, although they possessed cross-reactive epitope(s). The binding of CJT and CT to gangliosides was also examined. CJT and CT bound to GM1 ganglioside preferentially than to other ganglioside species. However, CJT did not bind to GD1b in spite of the fact that CT preferred GD1b. This suggests that both toxins recognize different receptors on the surface of the target cell. This study is the first demonstration of the different properties between CJT and CT in immunological character and ganglioside recognition.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1994

Effects of fecal microorganisms and their chloroform-resistant variants derived from mice, rats, and humans on immunological and physiological characteristics of the intestines of ex-germfree mice.

In order to elucidate the nature of intestinal flora affecting the immunological and physiological parameters of the intestine, we produced several kinds of ex-germfree mice associated with fecal organisms and their chloroform-resistant variants derived from mice, rats, and humans. The phenotypes of intraepithelial lymphocytes were changed to those in conventional mice, particularly the increased positive percentage of alpha beta T-cell-receptor and Thy-1-bearing T cells, on association of the microorganisms (MF) and their chloroform resistant variants (MChl) derived from mice, but not rats and humans, with germfree mice. The cytolytic activity of intraepithelial lymphocytes was expressed only in the MF and MChl groups. The induction of the synthesis of fucosyl asialo GM1 glycolipid, the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecule, an increase in the mitotic indices of colonic epithelial cells, and a decrease in lactase activity of the small intestinal epithelial cells also occurred only in the two groups. On the other hand, the cecal size (cecal weight/body weight ratio) was reduced in the mice of all groups examined here, there being approximately the same amount and composition of organic acids, such as acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid, in the cecal contents. Taken together, the results suggest that mouse-specific and chloroform-resistant microorganisms, which are difficult to cultivate at present, may contribute to alteration of the immunological and epithelial characteristics of the mouse intestine. Another factor derived from the intestinal flora, for example, bacterial metabolites such as organic acids, may also affect the cecal size.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Immunocytochemical characterization and identification of SGE1, a rat glomerular epithelial cell line.

Glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) in culture facilitate the study of glomerular physiology and pathology. However, characterization and identification of GECs in culture have been difficult due to the absence of markers specific to them. We compared the immunocytochemical characteristics of a rat normal GEC line (SGE1) and glomerular cells from rat kidney sections using a lectin and commercially available and newly raised monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Antivimentin, anti-dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (gp 108) and monoclonal antibody 5-1-6 antibodies and Limax flavus lectin bound to visceral GECs, anticytokeratin antibody and antibody against common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen bound to parietal GECs, and anti-SGE1 cell membrane and monoclonal antibody PHM 5 antibodies bound to both visceral GECs and parietal GECs in normal rat kidney sections, and all of these antibodies and L. flavus lectin consistently bound to SGE1 cells in culture. The pattern of antigenic expression on SGE1 cells indicates that SGE1 cells possess phenotypic characteristics of visceral GECs and parietal GECs, and it further suggests that SGE1 cells may be stem cells or cells undergoing differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Retinoic acid enhances the number of epidermal growth factor receptors in rat glomerular epithelial cells in vitro.

The renal epithelium appears to be an important target tissue for retinoic acid and epidermal growth factor (EGF). We report here that retinoic acid enhances the proliferative effect of EGF on glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) in vitro and also increases EGF binding to GEC. When GEC were exposed to EGF (> or = 1 ng/ml), cellular DNA synthesis was markedly increased. Moreover, the stimulating effect of EGF was synergistically increased by retinoic acid at 5 micrograms/ml. 125I-EGF binding to cultured GEC was increased approximately 3-fold after addition of retinoic acid to cultures for 48 h. Analysis of 125I-EGF binding revealed 8.1 x 10(4) receptors per control (untreated) cell, while retinoic acid-treated cells demonstrated an increase to 14.3 x 10(4) receptors per cell with no detectable change in receptor affinity. These findings suggest that interactions between retinoic acid and EGF may play an important role in the regulation of GEC growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves regulate basal coronary flow via release of capsaicin-sensitive neuropeptides in the rat heart.

Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve fibers supposedly modulate basal coronary flow by releasing capsaicin-sensitive neuropeptides, but the physiological effects of this intrinsic action have not been clarified. We investigated the intrinsic function of nonadrenergic noncholinergic innervation in modulating basal coronary flow in rats. We administered capsaicin to 44 rats to deplete neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P and administered inert vehicle to 60 control rats. Four days later, we measured the coronary pressure-flow relation in the basal state and during maximal coronary vasodilation induced by intracoronary adenosine administration using Langendorff's method. Changes in basal coronary flow prompted by intracoronary infusion of CGRP or substance P and their antagonists were measured in 54 and 30 rats, respectively. Capsaicin-treated rats showed a 31.5 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- SEM) reduction (P < .01) of basal coronary flow in the range of perfusion pressures between 60 and 140 mm Hg compared with untreated control rats, but the maximal coronary flow after adenosine was similar between the two groups. Although basal coronary flow was reduced in capsaicin-treated hearts, left ventricular contractile force and myocardial oxygen consumption did not fall significantly. CGRP increased the coronary flow, but substance P did not. CGRP(8-37), a CGRP receptor antagonist, reduced basal coronary flow by 24.5 +/- 2.1% (P < .01), but FK888, a substance P antagonist, had little effect on it. Thus, capsaicin-sensitive neuropeptides in the rat heart modulate basal coronary flow, providing approximately 30% of it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

The relationship between cure depth and transmission coefficient of visible-light-activated resin composites.

The relationships between the transmission coefficient and the cure depth were evaluated on eight commercially available light-activated resin composites. The determination of transmission coefficient was carried out by the use of a radiometer for various shades of the resin composites. The transmission coefficient, ranging from 0.042 to 0.263, was dependent upon the shade of the resin. There was a good correlation between the transmission coefficient and the cure depth for different shades for each resin composite, except for one hybrid resin composite (P-50). The microfilled resin composite showed transmission coefficient and cure depth lower than those of the hybrid and small-particle-filled resin composites.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Pituitary adenoma invading the skull base--a strategy for skull base surgery.

A strategy for surgical management, including the approach and preoperative evaluation, of pituitary adenoma invading the skull base is described. Preoperative evaluation requires a balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery (ICA) to determine tolerance to occlusion. Failure to tolerate occlusion indicates administration of brain protective agents and/or a bypass procedure before tumor removal. The transsphenoidal, pterional, orbitofrontomalar, and infratemporal fossa approaches are all suitable for various tumor locations. A combined orbitofrontomalar and extended frontal approach allows removal of tumor with extensive invasion and is suitable for bypass procedures. Preoperative evaluation of ICA occlusion can prevent development of hemodynamic stroke. We treated five patients with pituitary adenoma invading the skull base, including two primary and three recurrent cases. All symptoms improved, but temporary oculomotor nerve disturbance occurred in three patients and anosmia in one. Reoperations for recurrent pituitary adenomas were effective in reversing the symptoms. No hemodynamic stroke was seen postoperatively. These tumors, except for drug-responsive cases, are indicated for skull base surgery.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Differential insulin secretory activity in rat pancreatic islets and HIT cells.

We compared insulin secretory activity from rat pancreatic islets with that from a hamster beta-cell line (HIT-T). Insulin release from HIT cells was maximally stimulated with glucose at a concentration of 11.1 mM, and rather inhibited by higher concentrations of glucose. Blunted insulin release induced by glucose was shown in the isolated rat islets exposed to either streptozotocin (2.2 mM) for 30 min or alloxan (2 mM) for 5 min, whereas glucose-induced insulin release from HIT cells was not affected by pre-treatment with such beta-cell toxin. When pancreatic islets and HIT cells were cultured for 7 days with 10 mM nicotinamide, an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase, glucose-induced insulin release from the islets was inhibited, whereas insulin release from HIT cells was rather enhanced. Insulin release induced by either arginine or leucine was also enhanced in HIT cells cultured with nicotinamide. These findings indicate that the multiple components of insulin stimulus-secretion coupling in HIT cells are considerably different from those in rat pancreatic islets.

Alloxan↗
PubMed1994

Hepatocyte growth factor is a potent promoter of mitogenesis in cultured rat visceral glomerular epithelial cells.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was originally identified as an hepatotrophic factor inducing liver regeneration, and was also recently found to stimulate mitogenesis of various epithelial cells. In the present study, we examined the mitogenic effects of native and recombinant HGF on cells of rat visceral glomerular epithelial cell line (SGE1). Native and recombinant HGF each stimulated DNA synthesis in and growth of SGE1 cells to a remarkable degree. These mitogenic activities were dose-dependent, being detectable at 2.5 ng/ml and maximal at 20 ng/ml. Over 30% of SGE1 cells tested were shifted to S-phase by HGF alone, as judging by labeling index values. DNA synthesis stimulated by native or recombinant HGF was high at low SGE1 cell density and was strongly suppressed at high cell density. DNA synthesis in and growth of SGE1 cells were stimulated more strongly by recombinant HGF than by native HGF. In addition, the effects of recombinant HGF and epidermal growth factor were additive, while transforming growth factor-beta 1 strongly inhibited the stimulation of DNA synthesis by recombinant HGF. These findings suggest that HGF may play a role in controlling visceral glomerular epithelial cell growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Intraoperative monitoring in patients undergoing surgery of lesions involving the cavernous sinus].

We reviewed the intraoperative monitoring and anesthesia in 45 patients, who had undergone operation of lesions involving the cavernous sinus between September, 1990, and May, 1993. The patient was placed in a 30 degree of head-up position to reduce the bleeding from the cavernous venous plexus. However, air embolism during the operation has not been noted in any patients. In 13 of 45 patients, a transient or permanent internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion was performed intraoperatively under the brain protection by thiopental and the monitoring of electroencephalograph, somatosensory evoked potentials, local cerebral blood flow, and oxygen saturation of internal jugular vein. There has been no complications related to the ICA occlusion. In 7 patients, intraoperative recordings of evoked extraocular muscle activities were undertaken to monitor ocular motor nerve function. Responses from the inferior rectus muscle to the oculomotor nerve stimulation, and from the lateral rectus muscle to the abducens nerve stimulation, were obtained in 5 patients and 1 patient, respectively. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in the surgery of lesions involving the cavernous sinus is crucial to reduce the surgical complications, and a team approach, including neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists, and medical engineers, is important for the future progress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Preoperative sedation for childhood moyamoya disease--clinical evaluation of rectally administered midazolam].

We evaluated the effectiveness of rectally administered midazolam for preoperative sedation in 26 cases of childhood moyamoya disease. The patients, aged 5.0 +/- 1.8 yr (mean +/- SD), received 1 mg.kg-1 of midazolam 30 min prior to induction of anesthesia. The patient's level of sedation, tolerance of anesthesia face mask, and amnesia were evaluated. In 22 of 26 patients induction via face mask was performed smoothly, and excellent anterograde amnesia was observed. Remarkable complications, including hemodynamic and/or respiratory depression, were not noted. The level of sedation was significantly related to the patient's age. Although further investigation to evaluate proper dose are needed, 1 mg.kg-1 of rectally administered midazolam is useful for childhood moyamoya disease, in which crying can worsen the neurological symptoms.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1993

The assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemical staining in small hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship to histologic characteristics and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: A precise prognostic factor for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the diagnosis of which recently has increased in incidence because of the development of diagnostic imaging techniques, is desirable. It has been reported that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) would be related to proliferating cells, and thus the PCNA labeling index may provide useful information about the biologic behavior of small HCC. METHODS: An assessment was made of proliferative activity by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody against PCNA in 46 nodules of HCC less than 3 cm in diameter resected from 44 patients. A correlation between PCNA labeling index and clinicopathologic findings or prognosis was sought. RESULTS: The mean labeling index was 18.7% in HCC and 1.9% in nontumor liver tissue. The labeling index corresponded to the degree of histologic differentiation, and the labeling index of well differentiated HCC was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of moderately or poorly differentiated HCC. The incidence of capsule formation in the high labeling index group (labeling index > or = 20%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in the low labeling index group (labeling index < 20%). A high incidence of capsular and vascular invasion was found in the high labeling index group. The survival rate after resection was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the recurrence rate significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the low labeling index group than in the high labeling index group. CONCLUSIONS: The PCNA labeling index was shown to be closely related to histologic characteristics, and proved to be a useful indicator of recurrence and survival in small HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cytolytic activity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in germ-free mice is strain dependent and determined by T cells expressing gamma delta T-cell antigen receptors.

We have compared the cytolytic activities and the cellular compositions of the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (i-IEL) populations in three different combinations of conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) mice. Cytolytic activity of i-IELs expressing gamma delta T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs) is strain dependent in CV mice (high vs. low), and this strain-dependent variability is unaltered in the GF condition. Although absolute numbers of gamma delta i-IELs are slightly decreased, the composition of CD8 alpha alpha+ and CD4-CD8- subsets and the usage of TCR gamma- and delta-chain variable gene segments by gamma delta i-IELs remain the same in GF mice. By contrast, cytolytic activity of alpha beta TCR-expressing i-IELs is uniformly high in CV mice but attenuated sharply in the GF condition. A conspicuous decrease in the total numbers of alpha beta i-IELs is also noted, and CD8 alpha beta+ and CD4+CD8+ subsets are reduced, whereas the CD8 alpha alpha+ subset is expanded in GF mice. These results indicate that microbial deprivation preferentially influences the alpha beta i-IEL population to decrease and become noncytolytic but has little effect on the pool size or characteristics of gamma delta i-IELs. Consequently, cytolytic activity of freshly isolated i-IELs from GF mice is determined by T cells expressing gamma delta TCRs and is found to be strain dependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of somatostatin and its analogue on proliferation of human epidermoid carcinoma cells in vitro.

Somatostatin (SS) and its analogue inhibit the growth of some human tumors in vivo. Surprisingly, we found that SS-14 and its analogue (SMS 201-995) exhibited unexpected proliferative effects on two lines of cells, A431 and KB human epidermoid carcinoma cells, in vitro. The level of intracellular cyclic AMP, an important second messenger that controls the growth of A431 cells, was unaffected in A431 cells by either SS-14 or SMS 201-995. In contrast, SS-14 (20 nM) and SMS 201-995 (10 nM) reduced the level of intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate rapidly but transiently.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1993

Excretion of urinary epidermal growth factor in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Morning urine samples were assayed for human EGF (hEGF) in 137 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with normal serum creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin levels. Serving as controls, 80 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were also examined. A significant positive correlation between hEGF excretion and the level of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) was present in those patients with a HbA1c value exceeding 8% (r = 0.37; p = 0.003) but not in the overall patients. The urinary hEGF level did not correlate with the concentration of glucose in urine or plasma. The mean urinary hEGF level of diabetic patients was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects. The mean urinary hEGF level was significantly lower in the patients with a diabetic history that exceeded five years as compared with those with a history below five years. The mean urinary hEGF level was significantly lower in the patients with retinopathy vs. those without retinopathy. In the patients with HbA1c value below 8%, the mean urinary hEGF level was lower in the patients whose urinary albumin level exceeded 1.7 mg/mmol.creatinine as compared with those whose urinary albumin excretion was below 1.7 mg/mmol.creatinine. These findings suggest that urinary hEGF excretion may decrease with the progression of diabetic complications in the patients with well-controlled glycemia, and that inadequate glycemic control may lead to an increased excretion of urinary hEGF in the early disease stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Increased content of epidermal growth factor in platelet lysates in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We evaluated the content of EGF in platelet lysates obtained from 49 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)(18 males, 31 females, age 58 +/- 13 years) and from 23 clinically healthy control subjects (11 males, 12 females, age 53 +/- 18 years). Platelets were collected from platelet-rich plasma and lysed. EGF was determined by radioimmunoassay. The immunoreactive EGF content in the platelet lysates in diabetic patients significantly exceeded that of control subjects (44.9 +/- 18.5 pg/mm3platelet vs. 34.2 +/- 7.8 pg/mm3platelet, mean +/- SD p < 0.008). In performing multiple regression analysis with ten clinical parameters, urinary albumin excretion (F = 16.1, r = 0.551, p < 0.001), duration of diabetes (F = 13.0, r = 0.511, p < 0.001) and the presence of diabetic proliferative retinopathy (F = 8.8, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with irEGF content in platelet lysates. These observations suggest that the amount of EGF in platelets may increase with the progression of diabetic complications. The mechanism for the increase of EGF in platelets remains to be clarified.

Adult↗