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Biomedical subjects

M Kawabata

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawabata.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Comparison between transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography for identifying endometrial malignancies.

Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) is generally considered superior to transabdominal ultrasound (TAS) in the estimation of endometrial abnormalities. A disadvantage of TVS is the limited field of view. The purpose of this study is a comparison between TAS and TVS for endometrial cancer screening. Ninety-one postmenopausal women were included. They were evaluated by TAS, TVS, and endometrial tissue sampling. The mean endometrial thickness estimated by TVS was larger than that obtained by TAS (p < 0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity of TAS were 83.3 and 58.8% and of TVS 100 and 54.1%, respectively. We conclude that TVS might be superior to TAS, especially in patients with a retroflexed uterus.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

HTLV-I-associated myelopathy: analysis of 213 patients based on clinical features and laboratory findings.

We studied the clinical features and laboratory findings in 213 patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis as diagnosed in Kagoshima University Hospital. Some aspects of clinical features in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis were characterized by mode of HTLV-I transmission and age of onset. The patients with onset after 15 years old and no history of blood transfusion before the onset of the disease (151 patients, group I) showed a shorter interval between the time of disease onset and that of inability to walk. The patients with onset before 15 years old and without history of blood transfusion (21 patients, group II) had short stature and slow progression of the disease. The interval time and the progression of the disease in patients with history of blood transfusion before onset of disease (41 patients, group III) were in between those of the above two groups. Patients whose ages of onset were older than 61 years old showed a faster progression than those with younger onset regardless of the mode of HTLV-I transmission. HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patients often also showed other organ disorders such as leukoencephalopathy (69%), abnormal findings on chest X-ray (50%), Sjögren syndrome (25%) and arthropathy (17%). The patients with low anti-HTLV-I antibody titers in the cerebrospinal fluid (2X-8X by PA method) had an older age of onset on average, milder clinical symptoms and lesser increase of neopterin in the cerebrospinal fluid than those in the high titer subgroup whose titers were higher than 1024X in cerebrospinal fluid regardless of the mode of HTLV-I transmission. We speculate that the clinical course of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis mainly shows a slow progression which consists of an initial progressive phase (probably an inflammatory phase) and a latter chronic phase, although some patients showed acute/subacute onset and rapid progression.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Microcirculation in renal interstitium].

Microcirculation in the renal interstitium plays an important role in the regulation of urinary sodium excretion and thus in the control of blood pressure. An increase in renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure caused by renal perfusion pressure elevation induces pressure natriuresis by decreasing tubular reabsorption. Chronic NO inhibition in the medullary interstitium decreases medullary blood flow and induces sodium retention and blood pressure elevation. Chronic medullary, but not intravenous, infusion of ACE inhibitor restores the impaired pressure natriuresis by improving medullary microcirculation in SHR. The tubuloglomerular feedback signal transmission is dependent on Cl concentration in the juxtaglomerular interstitium and its sensitivity is modulated by pressure there in.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Lyme disease].

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Humans↗
PubMed1994

Abrogation of suppressor cells activity by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) treatment using therapeutic doses in ovarian cancer patients.

We examined the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and suppressor cells and the population of peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) treatment using therapeutic doses in 15 ovarian cancer patients. CDDP did not decrease NK cell activity but selectively abrogated suppressor cell activity up to 7 days after treatment (P < 0.05). The CD56+CD16+ cell and CD8+CD11+ T cell populations significantly decreased; however, the CD4+2H4+ T cells, showed a significant increase after treatment (P < 0.05). We conclude that CDDP treatment using therapeutic doses could selectively abrogate suppressor cell activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A case report of surgical treatment of a dog with atrioventricular septal defect (incomplete form of endocardial cushion defect).

A 3-month-old female collie was diagnosed as having atrioventricular septal defect with ostium primum atrial septal defect (PASD). The diagnosis was made by echocardiographic observation of the PASD and goose-neck deformity on left ventriculogram. The PASD was treated surgically with a patch graft under cross-circulation cardiopulmonary bypass (CC). The PASD was identified above the ventricular septum after right atriotomy. The patch graft was sutured along the fibrous tissue of the tricuspid annulus on the ventricular side of the PASD to avoid injuring the conduction system. After the operation, cardiac function and renal output were well preserved, but the dog died 33 hr later. At postmortem examination, a mitral cleft was identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia that responded to intermittent intravenous administration of high-dose cyclophosphamide].

A 78-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with exertional dyspnea and fever. Chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) had been diagnosed a year before. Follow-up chest X-ray examination showed diffuse reticular shadows and progressive shrinkage of both lower lobes. Chest CT scan revealed honeycomb appearance of both lower lung fields. Moderate hypoxemia was found by arterial blood gas analysis. The patient responded to an orally administered corticosteroid. Because tapering of the medicine caused exacerbation of the hypoxemia, methylprednisolone pulse therapy was given with poor response. Then high-dose (750 mg) of cyclophosphamide (CPM) were given intravenously 6 times, every 3 or 4 weeks. After the second administration of CPM, decreases in hypoxemia and in blood LDH levels were observed. This treatment allowed as to taper the dose of oral corticosteroid from 60 mg/day to 15 mg/day. This case suggests that intravenous administration of high-dose CPM may be effective against IIP.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Effects of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, TCV-116, on renal haemodynamics in essential hypertension.

The renal effects of a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, TCV-116, were investigated in 12 hospitalised patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. After a 2-week placebo period, TCV-116 was given for 2 weeks in increasing doses from 4 mg to 8 mg daily to normalise the mean blood pressure. Blood pressure fell from 156 +/- 9/93 +/- 3 mmHg at the end of the placebo period to 140 +/- 9/85 +/- 4 mmHg after TCV-116 treatment. The pulse rate was unchanged. Renal vascular resistance fell from 1.62 +/- 0.20 to 1.37 +/- 0.17 dyne.s.cm-5 . 1.48 m2 x 10(4), renal plasma flow increased from 329 +/- 19 to 367 +/- 27 mL.min-1.1.48 m-2, and GFR was unchanged despite a fall in renal perfusion pressure. TCV-116 reduced the filtration fraction from 0.302 +/- 0.019 to 0.258 +/- 0.009, suggesting a preferential reduction in efferent arteriolar resistance. The fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and urate did not change. An increase in plasma renin activity (from 1.1 +/- 0.3 to 2.2 +/- 0.7 ng.mL-1.h-1) and a fall in the plasma aldosterone concentration (from 6.2 +/- 0.8 to 4.5 +/- 0.7 ng.dL-1) were also seen. These results indicate that TCV-116 has favourable renal effects and a concomitant hypotensive action in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Localization of bovine corneal protein 54K (BCP 54) in the prenatal mouse eye].

Localization of bovine corneal protein 54K (BCP54) in the prenatal mouse eye was examined by immunohistochemical methods using rat anti-BCP54 polyclonal antibody. BCP54 was found from an early prenatal stage in corneal epithelium, keratocytes, corneal endothelium, conjunctival epithelium, and surface ectoderm which would differentiate in other organs except the eye. In other reports, it has been ascertained that BCP54 has an aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. To take its enzyme activity into consideration, we suggest that BCP54 is involved in maintaining transparency and oxidation-reduction balance of the cornea.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1994

TGF beta regulation of cell proliferation.

The beta-type transforming growth factors (TGF beta) are potent inhibitors of cell proliferation. The mechanisms of TGF beta growth inhibition have been investigated. In skin keratinocytes, TGF beta 1 rapidly suppresses c-myc expression at the level of transcriptional initiation, and expression of c-myc was shown to be necessary for proliferation of these cells. Overexpression of c-myc, using an inducible construct, blocks growth inhibition by TGF beta 1. In 11.5 day p.c. lung bud organ cultures, TGF beta 1 inhibits tracheobronchial epithelial development, including branching morphogenesis. At this stage of development, the tracheobronchial epithelia express N-myc, but not c-myc, TGF beta 1 was shown to markedly inhibit N-myc expression in epithelia of the lung bud organ cultures. N-myc gene knockout experiments by others have shown that N-myc is required for branching morphogenesis of the tracheobronchial tree. The data indicate that suppression of expression of either N-myc or c-myc may play a role in TGF beta growth inhibition. To study the role of TGF beta 1 in normal mammary development and in mammary neoplasia, we have constructed three transgenic mouse lines that express a simian TGF beta 1S223/225 mutated to produce a constitutively active product under the control of the MMTV enhancer/promoter. Expression of the transgene was associated with marked suppression of the normal pattern of mammary ductal tree development in female transgenics from all three lines. However, during pregnancy, alveolar outgrowths developed from the hypoplastic ductal tree, and lactation occurred. Unlike many other transgenic mouse models in which expression of TGF alpha or oncogenes under control of the MMTV promoter leads to mammary epithelial hyperplasia and increased tumor formation, the MMTV-TGF beta 1 transgene causes conditional hypoplasia of the mammary ductal tree. No spontaneous tumors have been detected in the MMTV-TGF beta 1 transgenic animals, indicating that overexpression of TGF beta 1 in mammary epithelia does not enhance, and may actually suppress, early stages of carcinoma development. Other studies have shown that overexpression of TGF beta 1 in carcinoma cells enhances tumorigenicity and metastatic spread. We propose that TGF beta has a bifunctional role in carcinogenesis, retarding carcinoma development but enhancing progression once neoplastic transformation has occurred and the growth inhibitory response to TGF beta has been lost.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Endometrial assessment by transabdominal ultrasonography in postmenopausal women.

We evaluated the usefulness of transabdominal ultrasonography (TAS) for endometrial abnormalities in postmenopausal women. A total of 232 postmenopausal women were examined by TAS and endometrial sampling. Abnormal findings, including endometrial hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer, were noted in 0.7% (1/41) of sonographically measured endometrium < 2 mm and in 15.4% (14/91) of measurements > or = 2 mm. Endometrial cancer was found in 5.9% in the postmenopausal bleeding group (n = 85) and in 1.4% in the symptom-free group (n = 147). With one exception, all endometrial abnormalities were in endometrial thickness > or = 2 mm. We conclude that TAS has limitations as a technique but is useful in deciding which postmenopausal women require endometrial biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Secondary structural features of modules M2 and M3 of barnase in solution by NMR experiment and distance geometry calculation.

Proteins consist of structural units such as globular domains, secondary structures, and modules. Modules were originally defined by partitioning a globular domain into compact regions, each of which is a contiguous polypeptide segment having a compact conformation. Since modules show close correlations with the intron positions of genes, they are regarded as primordial polypeptide pieces encoded by exons and shuffled, leading to yield new combination of them in early biological evolution. Do modules maintain their native conformations in solution when they are excised at their boundaries? In order to find answers to this question, we have synthesized modules of barnase, one of the bacterial RNases, and studied the solution structures of modules M2 (amino acid residues 24-52) and M3 (52-73) by 2D NMR studies. Some local secondary structures, alpha-helix, and beta-turns in M2 and beta-turns in M3, were observed in the modules at the similar positions to those in the intact barnase but the overall state seems to be in a mixture of random and native conformations. The present result shows that the excised modules have propensity to form similar secondary structures to those of the intact barnase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in patients with facial paralysis.

Ninety-eight patients with facial paralysis were studied by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing two types of Borrelia burgdorferi antigen, namely sonic extract and flagellum protein of B. burgdorferi. IgG or IgM antibodies were detected by sonic extract ELISA in 22 (32.4%) of 68 patients with Bell's palsy, and in 2 (10.0%) of 20 patients with varicella-zoster virus infection. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). A positive reaction was more frequent with the sonic extract antigen, while the positive rates were significantly increased in Bell's palsy patients with hyperglobulinemia (P < 0.05). IgM antibodies were also significantly more frequently observed in patients who developed Bell's palsy between October and March (P < 0.05). Since none of the patients had a history suggestive of Lyme disease, some kind of non-specific reaction and certain undefined factors linked to a positive reaction against B. burgdorferi could be involved in Bell's palsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Renal and single-nephron function is comparable in thiobutabarbitone- and thiopentone-anaesthetised rats.

The thiobutabarbitone(TB, Inactin)-anaesthetised rat is an extremely widely used preparation for the study of renal function at the whole-organ and nephron levels. The recent withdrawal of TB from the market has made it essential to find an anaesthetic producing experimental conditions as similar as possible to TB to allow comparison of past and future data. Blood gas analysis, clearance and micropuncture studies were therefore performed in rats anaesthetised with TB or the related thiobarbiturate thiopentone (TP) (both 100 mg/kg body weight) to establish whether the latter meets this requirement. Both barbiturates caused similar transient respiratory depression and acidosis. Mean values (TP versus TB) over the total 8-h observation period for glomerular filtration rate (0.94 versus 1.05 ml/min), urine flow (3.8 versus 4.4 microliters/min) and K+ excretion (0.98 versus 1.18 mumol/min) were slightly lower (P < 0.05) in TP rats, whereas renal blood flow (6.26 versus 6.24 ml/min), filtration fraction (0.31 versus 0.34) and Na+ excretion (0.11 versus 0.098 mumol/min) did not differ. The single-nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) (42.1 versus 41.1 nl/min) and fractional reabsorption (42% versus 47%), both measured in the proximal tubule, did not differ, although in the TP group SNGFR rose with time (4.4%/h) whereas the fractional reabsorption did not change significantly; in the TB group SNGFR was constant but fractional reabsorption declined with time (1.5%/h). Fractional reabsorption up to the distal convoluted tubule declined with time, this was more pronounced in the TP group. SNGFR measured at this site did not differ between TP and TB (30.3 versus 30.1 nl/min) but increased with time with TP (2.7%/h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗