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Biomedical subjects

M Katz

Publications and source records attributed to M Katz.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The use of mixtures of topical corticosteroids as a mechanism for improving total drug bioavailability: a preliminary report.

The feasibility of using mixtures of corticosteroids as a mechanism for enhancing total percutaneous absorption of drug has been investigated. The results of this study indicate that under certain conditions, mixtures of corticosteroids exhibit independent solubility, partitioning and diffusion behavior. Mixtures of three 21-esters of fluocinolone acetonide were found to penetrate excised human skin independently. The mixture flux rate was demonstrated to greatly exceed that attained with any of the component steroid esters at an equal concentration. A mixture composition containing a total steroid concentration of 0.015% was shown to produce significantly greater in vivo human vasoconstriction than any of the individual steroids at comparable concentrations. These results strongly support the potential clinical utility of certain topical corticosteroid mixture compositions.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

Midtrimester intra-aminotic administration of prostaglandin F2alpha in combination with an hyperosmolar urea solution: effect upon plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone, and human placental lactogen (HPL).

A study was undertaken in order to investigate the clinical observation that patients who underwent midtrimester abortion using intra-amniotic PG F2alpha in combination with hyperosmolar urea, always aborted a dead fetus. Ten Caucasian primigravidae, aged between 16 and 22 years old and whose pregnancies ranged between 14 and 23 weeks in duration, were studied. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. The one group received urea and PG F2alpha intra-amniotically whereas the other received PG F2alpha alone. Blood was drawn for measurement of plasma estradiol, progesterone and human placental lactogen (HPL) prior to injection of the abortifacients and at regular intervals thereafter for a period of 120 min. The five patients who received the combination regime of treatment (urea + PG F2alpha) showed a rapid decline in the plasma concentrations of these hormones and induction of abortion was followed by fetal death within 35 min in all cases. In contrast, the five patients who received intra-amniotic PG F2alpha alone, did not (with a single exception), demonstrate this rapid decline in the plasma concentrations of the placental hormones measured. Also with the same single exception, these fetuses, although stillborn, were alive two hours after inducing abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1978

[Light and electron microscopic studies to the development of muscle cysts of Sarcocystis suicanis in experimentally infected pigs (author's transl)].

Six young pigs were experimentally infected with 100000 sporocysts of Sarcocystis suicanis and killed on the 32nd, 47th, 55th, 64th, 81th and 90th day p.i. The ultrastructure of sarcocysts in the muscle cells was studied. Light microscopical preliminary examination on the 32nd day p.i. showed cysts which lay in muscle fibres and were surrounded by a fine membran. On the 55th day p.i. the cyst wall showed radial light and dark stripes of 2.6 micrometer thickness, which reached a thickness of 3.2 micrometer on the 90th day p.i. The electron microscopic study of the cyst wall on the 32nd day p.i. showed a unit membran the numerous small outward projections of which are underlined by osmiophilic material that is absent in the inwardly directed invaginations. During the growth of the cyst, this primary cyst wall became regularly folded, forming many protrusions on the 55th day p.i. These appeared palisade-like and contained 57--62 filamentous elements in a single layer under the primary wall at a distance of 10 nm. In the centre of the protrusions there were 5--8 groups, comprising 2--5 filaments each. They have their origin in the ground-substance. As these filaments maintain their arrangement also in old cysts, they can be regarded as characteristic of Sarcocystis suicanis. The groundsubstance is homogenous; on the 32nd day p.i. it contained only metrocytes, and developed septa towards the interior of the cyst on the 47th day p.i. The parasites were reproduced by endodyogeny and appeared very similar to the structure of all cyst forming coccidians. Some old cysts degenerated fattily and the host cells were destroyed. The cysts of Sarcocystis suicanis with complete development of the protrusions of the primary wall can thus be differentiated from cysts of Sarcocystis suihominis with certainty.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Continuous fetal tissue pH measurement in labor.

Fifty-one women in labor had continuous monitoring of fetal scalp tissue pH, fetal heart rate by ECG, and uterine contractions. A miniature pH electrode secured by a double spiral fetal ECG electrode was used for measurement of fetal pH every 15 seconds. The results were correlated with fetal scalp blood pH values obtained simultaneously. Fetal scalp sampling is intermittent, requires repeated scalp incisions, is subject to errors due to air mixing and coagulation of the blood sample, and is uncomfortable for the parturient. Placement of the tissue pH electrode allows continuous data recording with the minimum discomfort to the patient and the least number of fetal scalp incisions. Clinical use of the tissue pH electrode might be a practical alternative to fetal scalp samples, if the data obtained accurately reflect fetal status.

Blood↗
PubMed1978

The effect of postural changes on plasma renin activity during normal and pathologic pregnancies.

A study of the effect of posture on plasma renin activity (PRA) in the third trimester in 27 gravidas revealed a significantly greater increase in PRA in the supine position, compared to the left lateral. The women were classified into 3 groups: normal pregnancy, preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal death. There was no statistical difference in PRA among the 3 groups. It is assumed that the increase of PRA in the supine position was due mainly to mechanical pressure by the gravid uterus on the great vessels (regardless of whether the fetus was dead or alive) and that effective circulatory volume was thus reduced. However, low PRA in the left lateral position in women with preeclampsia seemed to correlate with more severe disease in these women.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Plasma hormone levels, cervical mucus, and vaginal cytology in normal pregnancy.

Plasma oestradiol (E2), oestriol (E3), progesterone (P), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and human placental lactogen (HPL) levels, karyopyknotic index (KPI) and cervical mucus pattern were studied serially throughout pregnancy in 17 normal women. Hormonal patterns were similar to those reported by previous investigators. The P/E2 and P/E3 ratios were high in the first trimester but remained constant thereafter until term. There was no consistent change in E2, E3, and P levels and in P/E2 and P/E3 ratios in relation to onset of labour. With 2 exceptions, the cervical mucus and vaginal cytology were normal for pregnancy. The study provides a basis for a subsequent investigation into hormonal changes in threatened and recurrent abortions and the effect of treatment with HCG.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Spurious primary amenorrhoea: a case report.

An unusual case of 'primary amenorrhoea' is described, in which clinical, cytogenetic, biochemical and hormonal features were all normal. Failure to obtain withdrawal uterine bleeding after therapy with a combined oestrogen/progestagen preparation, together with the finding of normal cyclical oestrogen and progesterone secretion, the latter reaching normal luteal phase levels, strongly suggested end-organ (endometrial) failure. However, 6 weeks after a searching interview by one of us (H.C.), during which sufficient evidence was uncovered to implicate major emotional factors as contributing to her state of amenorrhoea, the patient began menstruating and has menstruated regularly ever since. It is likely that the patient denied the existence of her menstrua and that the term 'spurious' primary amenorrhoea would most appropriately described this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Mechanism of feminization in primary liver cancer.

Primary liver cancer occasionally presents with feminization. The mechanism is unknown. We studied a young man with primary liver cancer associated with feminization that disappeared after removal of the tumor. Before operation, the serum estrone level was markedly (1113 pg per milliliter) and estradiol and estriol levels were slightly elevated. Human placental lactogen was also increased (0.52 microng per milliliter). Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels were normal, and testosterone reduced. Beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin were not detected in the serum. In vitro assay of tumor tissue showed estrogenic activity and high levels of these subunits. With a reversed isotope dilution technic with crystallization to constant specific activity, we showed the tumor tissue to convert dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone to estrone and estradiol. Production of beta subunits of chorionic gonadotropin and raised serum levels of placental lactogen provided further evidence that the tumor was functioning as trophoblastic tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Rorschach form level and the process-reactive dimension in schizophrenia.

The Rorschachs of 15 process and 15 reactive schizophrenics were scored for form level toexamine differences on the cards between these groups. Cards X and IX proved most difficult for both groups to integrate. Process schizophrenics performed less well than did reactives on Card II, and reactives performed less well than did process on Card VII. The first result was interpreted in relation to the saliency ofhuman figures in Card III. The results on Card VII were interpreted as contradicting that the card represented a parental theme. Further discussion centered upon the need for more analysis of Rorschach indices across individual cards.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Survey of patented anti-stuttering devices.

Various types of devices have been patented to alleviate stuttering. Some prevent certain physical actions, such as clamping of the teeth, improper movement of the tounge and improper breathing. Others strengthen or incapacitate certain muscles. The devices and their alleged action on the body are described. United States as well as foreign patents are included. No attempt has been made to evaluate said devices

Europe↗
PubMed1977

Hormonal changes associated with testicular atrophy and gynaecomastia in patients with leprosy.

Basal LH, FSH, 17 beta-oestradiol and testosterone and the gonadotrophin responses to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were studied in male patients with leprosy (twenty-four with lepromatous and six with tuberculoid leprosy). The mean basal LH and FSH was significantly elevated in the lepromatous group and was associated with an excessive response of both gonadotrophins following LHRH administration. The mean basal testosterone and 17 beta-oestradiol values in the lepromatous group were significantly lower than those of the tuberculoid and control groups. The abnormal gonadotrophin and sex steroid values in the lepromatous group are in keeping with the testicular atrophy and gynaecomastia accompanying this form of leprosy. However, the lack of a significant correlation between basal FSH and testicular atrophy should be noted. In addition, no correlation between any of these hormonal values and gynaecomastia could be demonstrated. The patients with tuberculoid leprosy had essentially normal hormonal profiles (except for two who had raised 17 beta-oestradiol values). This is compatible with the lack of gonadal involvement in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The supply of physicians and physicians' incomes: some projections.

This study identifies trends that will lead to a dramatic increase in the number of active physicians in the United States during the next decade. The supply of active medical doctors (MDs) and doctors of osteopathy (DOs) as well as active post-graduate MDs and DOs in the U.S. is projected to increase by approximately 50 percent in the decade ending in 1985. The number of active physicians per 100,000 population is similarly expected to increase by approximately one-third. The production of surgical specialists, in particular, appears to be excessive. In response, the average length of physician graduate training programs is anticipated to be shortened as more MD and DO graduates enter shorter, general practice residencies. The authors expect that the effects of this projected increase in the supply of physicians may relieve geographic disparities in physician distribution, rationalize the organization of medical practice, and reduce physicians' incomes relative to other professional groups and possibly in absolute terms. The projected increases in the supply of physicians will give the federal government much more flexibility and bargaining power should it choose to implement a national health insurance program with salaried physicians.

Economics, Medical↗
PubMed1977

Anthelmintics.

This article describes the drugs used in helminthic infections and their therapeutic indications, mode of action, toxicity and other details of each of the recommended drugs, and discusses the nature and treatment of infection by helminths important in human medicine. Infestation due to the roundworms Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides and the hookworms, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus can all be treated effectively with pyrantel pamoate. For Enterobius vermicularis, however, a newer drug, mebendazole, is equally as effective. The advantage of these drugs in the indicated circumstances is that they can be administered in a single dose. Unfortunately, pyrantel pamoate is not a panacea and in the case of Necator it is not as effective as in the other roundworms. In that situation the use of tetrachlorethylene is preferable. For treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis, and important human parasite, because it can become disseminated and lead to fatal infections in immunoincompetent hosts, the only effective drug is thiabendazole. In treatment of Trichuris trichiura infection, mebendazole, administered over a period of 3 days, is the most effective available drug. For the roundworms inhabiting tissues--either as aberrant infections of man or as the normal part of their life cycle in man--therapy tends to be largely non-specific. For example, in visceral larva migrans, caused by the dog roundworm Toxocara canis, only palliative therapy with systemic anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids may be helpful. Cutaneous larva migrans, caused by the dog hookworms Ancylostoma brasiliensis and Ancylostoma caninum, is also treated primarily with symptomatic measures, but there is a suggestion that thiabendazole may kill the larvae and thus be effective. Trichinella spiralis may cause severe, even fatal infections in man, but only symptomatic therapy can be offered. Therapy for filarial infections is regrettably complicated and not completely effective. Diethylcarbamazine remains the best available drug, but in some of these infections local surgical excision may also be used. It is important to bear in mind that release of antigens from dying or dead worms may cause systemic inflammatory and allergic reactions that may require therapy with corticosteroids. Therapy for Cestodes is achieved most effectively with niclosamide, but the antimicrobial agent paromomycin has also been effective. For the aberrant cestode infections of man, such as echinococcal cysts or Taenia solium cycticerci, treatment is surgical if the affected areas are accessible. Treatment of schistosomal infections is quite toxic and, therefore, it is mandatory to determine viability of the worms before recommending therapy. If therapy is required, then Schistosoma mansoni infections are treated with stibophen and S. japonicum with antimony potassium tartrate, taking care in both of these instances to watch for the early signs of antimony toxicity; therapy of S. haematobium infections is based on administration of niridazole...

Anthelmintics↗
PubMed1977

An in vitro model of lymphocyte homing. II. Membrane and cytoplasmic events involved in lymphocyte adherence to specialized high-endothelial venules of lymph nodes.

Rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) are capable of selective adherence to the endothelium of high-endothelial venules (HEV) when overlaid onto glutaraldehyde-fixed sections of lymph nodes. The data presented indicate that lymphocyte adherence is an energy-dependent, calcium-requiring event that involves membrane determinants on TDL which are sensitive to trypsin. Surface sialic acids on lymphocytes are not essential and treatment of the cells with neuraminidase does not interfere with their attachment to HEV. There was no evidence that microtubule-associated functions play a role in binding. Adherence, however, is abolished by cytochalasin B, indicating that the cytoplasmic contractile microfilament system exerts an important effect. The results imply that lymphocyte surface membrane modulation is involved in the development of strong adhesive forces that bind the cells to the endothelium. In addition, lymphocyte-HEV adherence is reduced by ionophore A-23187, an agent known to inhibit surface membrane receptor movement. It is suggested that specific binding of recirculating lymphocytes to HEV is not a passive event, but that activation of cytoplasmic contractile forces in the lymphocyte is required for the formation of stable lymphocyte-HEV binding.

Acetates↗
PubMed1977

[Esophageal localizations of Darier's disease. Radiological description apropos of 4 cases].

The oesophagic affectation seems very frequent in Darier's disease. The authors have found oesophagic lesions in 4 cases examined. The radiologic aspect of this localization shows an oesophagic border in "post stamp" and a definite irregularity of the fasciculation. This fibroscopic examination shows the presence of keratotic papules similar to the skin lesions of this disease.

Adult↗