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Biomedical subjects

M Katz

Publications and source records attributed to M Katz.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The relationship of heart rate patterns and tissue pH in the human fetus.

The relationship between different FHR patterns and fetal tissue pH in 68 high-risk gravidas in labor was analyzed. A tissue pH electrode was placed in the fetal scalp and tissue pH recorded on a fetal monitor every 15 seconds along with uterine contractions and continuous fetal heart rate. The tissue pH changes correlated with the FHR patterns in a manner consistent with current concepts of fetal stress. Trend monitoring of fetal tissue pH in labor may prove useful in the management of high-risk patients in labor.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1979

[Bone lesions in hairy cell leukaemia (author's transl)].

Between 1959 and 1978, 150 patients with tricholeucocytic leukaemia were seen, 5 having radiological bone lesions. This has been reported only once in the literature, its significance and therapeutic consequences remaining ill-defined. One of the commonest sites of bone involvement is the neck of the femur. The usual appearances are those of demineralisation, lysis and pathological fracture. The true prevalence of such lesions could be determined only by routine studies for the presence of such lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pituitary and ovarian function in women receiving hormonal contraception.

A study was performed to further evaluate pituitary-ovarian function in women receiving an oral contraceptive preparation. Basal hormone levels (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol and prolactin) and gonadotropic response to gonadotropic releasing hormone were studied in 12 healthy, regularly ovulating women in the early follicular and mid-luteal phases of their menstrual cycle (non-treatment control period). These same women were then given NORDETTE (ethinyl estradiol 30 microgram +d-Norgestrel 150 microgram) cyclically for 3 months. In the third month of treatment, the tests were repeated on day 21, i.e. after 21 active pills, and on day 28, i.e. after 21 active and 7 inactive tablets. On active preparation, basal luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol and gonadotropin response to gonadotropin releasing hormone were significantly suppressed. However, by day 28 (after completion of the inactive tablets), basal gonadotropin and estradiol concentrations and the gonadotropic response to gonadotropic releasing hormone were not significantly different to their pretreatment levels. No consistent change in prolactin concentration occurred as a result of oral contraceptive therapy. These results indicate that the 'active' component of even a relatively low-dose pill causes considerable suppression of pituitary-ovarian function but that after 7 days of placebo, pituitary function and basal estradiol secretion have virtually returned to normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Menstrual disturbances in chronic renal failure.

Twelve female patients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis (HD) and 5 females posttransplantation (PT) were studied. All the HD patients had menstrual disturbances and 5 had galactorrhea. The mean basal LH level was significantly elevated (p less than .05) in patients on HD compared to normal controls, but the mean LH response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LRH) was not significantly different from the control group. Mean basal FSH and the FSH response to LRH was normal. In the PT pateints the LH response to LRH was significantly greater at 120 min when compared to normal females. In the HD group the serum 17B estradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels were significantly lower than in the controls but in the PT group only testosterone levels were significantly lower. These results differ from those previously found in uremic males. Elevated prolactin levels were found in the patients on hemodialysis and correlated well with the presence of galactorrhea. These was no correlation between the elevated prolactin levels and amenorrhea in the patients on hemodialysis but one PT patient with amenorrhea had elevated prolactin levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Testicular function in patients with spinal cord damage.

Vaying degrees of testicular dysfunction are found in men with traumatic spinal cord damage. Eighteen paraplegic men have been studied and the gonadotropin response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) measured. Basal serum testosterone estimations were made and in eight of the patients testicular testosterone reserve was assessed by the testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Testicular biopsies were performed in seven cases. In three of these patients, the testicular biopsies were abnormal. Five of the patients had elevated Follicle stimulating hormone levels and abnormalities of Luteinizing hormone kinetics were found in the same five patients. There was no significant difference between the plasma testosterone levels of the paraplegic patients when compared to the control group. In all the patients tested, there was an adequate testosterone reserve, and this included the three patients with the abnormal testicular biopsies. No relationship was found between the level of cord lesion and any of the hormonal parameters measured. This study confirms the primary nature of the seminiferous tubular damage which occurs in some patients with paraplegia.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pituitary-gonadal dysfunction in low-output cardiac failure.

Diminished cardiac output and digoxin therapy appear to have opposing effects on testosterone, oestradiol and luteinizing hormone concentrations. Depression of the levels of these hormones was significantly correlated with a decrease in cardiac index and elevation was noted by digoxin therapy of long duration. The effect of cardiac output is most marked on testosterone and that of digoxin on oestradiol.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Some characteristics of a population of mentally retarded young adults in a British city. A basis for estimating some service needs.

A population of young people who are mentally retarded is described in terms of the frequency of various kinds and degrees of impairment--intellectual, physical and behavioural. The population consisted of all those born in 1951--1955 who were resident in a city in 1962 and who at any time during the school years had been placed in any mental retardation service. The prevalence of the mentally retarded as defined is sixteen per 1000. Age specific prevalence rates for the same population rise from age five, reach a plateau of fourteen per 1000 from ages ten to fifteen and then drop sharply for the post-school period to a rate of five to six per 1000. Classifications of physical impairment, seizure histories and behaviour disturbances are described. Percentages are given separately for those with each impairment and in combination for each individual. For the survivors at age twenty-two, 44 per cent had physical impairments, 26 per cent had a history of seizures and 46 per cent had experienced behaviour disturbances. Results are discussed in relation to service needs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The use of the Salmonella/microsomal assay to determine mutagenicity in paired chemical mixtures.

The mutagenicities of two sets of chemicals acting singly and in pairwise combinations were determined by use of the Salmonella/microsomal assay. The first set consisted of the promutagens of benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(rst)pentaphene. The second set contained the direct-acting mutagens methyl-nitro-nitroso-guanidine and ethyl methane sulfonate. In the tests with the promutagens, the quantities of S-9 mix were varied over the range of 0.05 ml to 1.0 ml with increasing quantities of each chemical. The mutagenic responses or production of revertant colonies of the promutagens, acting singly and in pairwise combinations failed to show an additive effect. Excess quantities of S-9 mix appeared to inhibit partially or totally the mutagenic activity of each chemical, although for each particular dose there was an optimal quantity of S-9 mix to induce maximum activity. However, the direct-acting mutagens produced, individually, almost linear dose responses with increasing concentrations. In pairwise combinations, these chemicals also showed linear responses that closely approximated the theoretical additivity indicating that the mutagenicity of the mixtures was the sum of the activities of each component.

Benzopyrenes↗
PubMed1979

Matrix formation in the mandibular condyle of the rat (35S) - sulfate incorporation studies.

The matrix formation activity of the mandibular condylar cartilage was investigated using radioactive sulfate incorporation. The condylar cartilage was studied at various developmental stages; as an autotransplant, in situ and on a chemically defined medium. An initial decrease in the cpm/DNA was followed by an increase, until a maximum was attained for all groups, between the 14th and 17th days. Thereafter, the matrix formation activity decreased. There was a surprising likeness in the patterns of activity for all the samples investigated. This tends to support the hypothesis that cartilagenous growth seem to be regulated, at least to some extent by one or more humoral factors.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1979

Vitamin B12 absorption studied by vascular perfusion of rat intestine.

The study of vitamin B12 release from the ileal enterocyte has been hampered by the fact that B12 does not cross the serosa of traditional everted ileal sacs. We studied this release by perfusing the superior mesenteric arteries of starved, heparinized, etherized rats and collecting perfusate from the superior mesenteric vein. The rats were fed 57CoB12 well before study. The standard perfusion medium was Krebs-Henseleit-NaHCO3 buffer containing glucose, dextran, albumin, propranolol, and dexamethasone. The preparation utilized glucose and O2, produced lactate, and was relatively impermeable to [14C]inulin, to D-xylose, and to 57CoB12 bound to an inert human IF. Glucose placed in the gut lumen was transported much more rapidly than D-xylose. Vitamin B12 emerged in the perfusate bound to a protein with a molecular size similar to that of TC II. IF could not be identified in the perfusate. Rat serum, independently of its unsaturated TC II content, increased the rate of transfer of B12 into the perfusate.

Anemia, Megaloblastic↗
PubMed1979

The effect of prophylactic antibiotics on febrile morbidity following cesarean section.

One hundred fifty patients undergoing cesarean section were evaluated prospectively for the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on postoperative morbidity. The postoperative infection rate was significantly reduced, being 30%, 16%, and 50% in the ampicillin, the cephalothin, and the control groups, respectively. The results are favorably compared with the results achieved in previously reported studies where the antibiotic treatment was started preoperatively. Our study confirms experimental studies that postoperative infection can be reduced by using prophylactic antibiotics in the immediate postoperative period. By this regimen, undesired placental transfer of the antibiotics to the fetus can be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Periarteritis nodosa in an addict with a hepatitis B injection (author's transl)].

The authors describe a case of a drug addict with a hepatitis B who was found to have periarteritis nodosa and a nephrotic syndrome. The course was rapidly fatal and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. This new case questions the hypothesis suggested of possible toxicity of hard drugs (especially the amphetamines) as being an etiological factor for periarteritis nodosa observed in addicts. Hepatitis B virus, which is involved in the etiology of periarteritis nodosa and some nephrotic syndromes (also reported in addicts) is, in fact, very prevalent in users of hard drugs by the parenteral route.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Vacuolization of the neutrophil in bacteremia.

We evaluated cytoplasmic vacuolization in the neutrophil as a marker of bacterial infection. We sought this phenomenon in 96 septic and nonseptic subjects. No significant differences in the extent of vacuolization were found among control patients, toxic patients without bacterial infections, and patients with bacterial infections in the absence of documented bacteremia. The extent of vacuolization was significantly greater in bacteremic patients when compared with all other groups, including patients with bacterial infection without bacteremia. However, extensive vacuolization in the neutrophils of some patients in toxic states not apparently caused by bacterial infection was noted. The phenomenon seems useful as a diagnostic test to identify bacteremia, although it may be less specific than previously thought.

Capillaries↗