Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Katz.
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An original case of a gas-containing pyelic calculus is described. This phenomenon in a radiolucent calculus spontaneously visible by computed tomography is attributed to the fissuration of a crystallin calculus. The hypothesis is emitted that, like gallstones, the apparition of gas is a fissuration that may precede the spontaneous disappearance of the calculus.
Remotely controlled tables are still largely employed as diagnostic tools, but they have not evolved during the recent past when compared with computed tomography or ultrasonography. The most recent attempts at improvement have been the introduction of complex stands capable of numerous integrated movements, but very heavy and costly, and integrated development systems for the films. Current technological possibilities should permit very much greater progress. New high definition wide field amplifiers associated with high performance TV could suppress the directly exposed film and thus the selector. As with other systems employing a video image, a multi-image camera could be used. Acquisition of data in this way, combined with the use of visual treatment of this data, should considerably reduce patient irradiation. The introduction of the microcomputer and the lightening of stands (absence of the selector...) should simplify the obtaining of complex movements. These "revolutions" in the conception of remotely controlled tables are now possible, and all that remains is to evaluate possible improvements in diagnostic value and to assess the various economic implications.
A clinical study to determine the effectiveness of a program for prevention of preterm birth was conducted at the University of California, San Francisco. The program included scoring and assigning the patients according to their risk of having spontaneous preterm labor and delivery. Patients were instructed in self-detection of the early signs of preterm labor, and those at high risk were followed weekly in a special clinic. A second aspect of the program included intensive in-service education of the obstetric staff. The data indicate that during the year under review a significant decrease in the incidence of preterm delivery has occurred. It is suggested that the preterm birth prevention program may have been instrumental in reducing the preterm delivery rate by enabling early and effective long-term tocolytic therapy.
Seven cases of anomalies of aortic arch investigated by computed tomography are described. The authors emphasized the interest of such an exam in the investigation of these anomalies. It is very interesting to know this pathology in sight to obviate some mistakes in the diagnostic of the tumors of the mediastinum. They describe three specific criterions of CT diagnosis of a right aberrant subclavian artery. The indications of computed tomography in the diagnostic and evaluation of the anomalies of aortic arch are discussed.
An original case of a gas-containing pyelic calculus is described. This phenomenon in a radiolucent calculus spontaneously visible by computed tomography is attributed to the fissuration of a crystallin calculus. The hypothesis is emitted that, like gallstones, the apparition of gas is a fissuration that may precede the spontaneous disappearance of the calculus.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The distribution of uterine blood flow (UBF) in the chronically instrumented pregnant term rabbit was examined before and after indomethacin infusion. A significant fall in placental but not myometrial blood flow was observed. The fall in placental blood flow was significantly higher in placentas which were implanted in the midsection of the uterine horn than in those implanted in both ends of the horn. The results suggest that different physiologic mechanisms may regulate the blood flows in the placenta and the myometrium.
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Severe cardiovascular complications occurred in eight of 160 patients treated with terbutaline for preterm labor. Associated corticosteroid therapy and twin gestations appear to be predisposing factors. Potential mechanisms of the pathophysiology are briefly discussed.
Based on the findings of Nagao et al [1978] that phenacetin is negative in the standard Ames test with Aroclor induced rat S-9 and positive with hamster S-9, the test was performed with a mixture of rat/hamster S-9. Phenacetin was mutagenic with the mixture. The activity of the mixture was compared to the rat S-9 alone with low concentrations of 2-aminoanthracene (a strong promutagen for Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, and TA 98), nitrosopiperidine (a weak promutagen), and 1,2 epoxybutane (a weak, direct-acting mutagen). Except for an increased mutagenic activation by the mixture with nitrosopiperidine the mixture was comparable to the rat S-9 alone, indicating that replacing rat S-9 with a rat/hamster S9 mixture in the standard Ames test could increase the sensitivity of the test without interfering with rat S-9 activity.
Pituitary and ovarian function was evaluated in women receiving 3 combined oral contraceptive preparations. Basal levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and gonadotropic responses to gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) were studied in 36 healthy, regularly ovulating women in the early follicular and mid-luteal phases of their menstrual cycle (non-treatment, control). These same women were then divided into 3 groups with 12 volunteers in each. Each group received an oral contraceptive preparation cyclically for 3 months. The preparations were: Nordette (30 microgram ethinyl estradiol and 150 microgram d-norgestrel), Nordiol (50 microgram ethinyl estradiol and 250 microgram d-norgestrel) and Biphasil (50 microgram ethinyl estradiol and 50 microgram d-norgestrel X 11 days and 125 microgram d-norgestrel X 10 days). In the third month of treatment, the tests were repeated on day 21, i.e. after 21 active pills, and on day 28, i.e. after 21 active and 7 inactive tablets. On active therapy, basal FSH and LH were similarly suppressed in the 3 groups. LH had varied responses to a bolus of GnRH, whilst the FSH responses were similar in the 3 groups. After 7 days of inactive tablets, basal FSH and LH had returned to pre-treatment, early follicular phase levels. However, the LH responses to a bolus of GnRH varied in the 3 groups, but again, no differences were noted in the FSH responses. Basal FSH, LH and E2 recovered earlier in the Nordette group during the 7 days of inactive tablets.
In the Soroka Medical Center in Beer-Sheba during the two annual periods 1969 and 1979, 693 cesarean sections were performed, of which 633 are presented. The main reasons for the rise in cesarean section rate from 2.6% in 1969 to 8.0% in 1979 were evaluated. Cesarean sections were performed more often for fetal indications during 1979 than in 1969, reflecting the change in our approach to the management of the fetus at risk. The increase in the cesarean section rate was concomitant with a drop in the perinatal mortality from 23/1000 in 1969 to 13.1/1000 in 1979.
A retrospective study of 343 women treated with isoxsuprine and/or terbutaline for preterm labor (PTL) was performed to determine the incidence and nature of maternal morbidity which is associated with this treatment. The incidence of mild cardiovascular (CV), neurological and gastrointestinal side effects was similar with both medications. The incidence, however, of severe CV complications such as pulmonary edema and myocardial ischemia was higher among women treated with i.v. terbutaline (5.3%) than among those treated with isoxsuprine (0.8%, P less than 0.05). Patients with multiple gestations on i.v. terbutaline therapy had an exceptionally high incidence of severe CV complications (43%), while none of the twin pregnancies on i.v. isoxsuprine had such complications. Corticosteroid treatment was not associated with a significant increase of complications with either tocolytic medication. Both medications had similar success in inhibiting PTL.
Twelve patients underwent induction of labor at term, seven by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) and five by oxytocin infusion. Serum samples were drawn before induction and at two hour intervals after infusion was started, throughout labor. The samples were analyzed for estriol (E3) and its principal conjugates, estriol-3-sulfate (E3-3S), estriol-16-glucosiduronate (E3-16G), estriol-3-glucosiduronate (E3-3G), and estriol-3-sulfate-16-glucosiduronate (E3-SG). No significant changes occurred before eight hours of infusion. Two pre-eclamptic patients showed a 100% increase in serum E3 while receiving PGF. The increases correlated best with rising levels of E3-SG. None of the five pre-eclamptic patients given oxytocin showed this striking changes. These observations raise the possibility that PGF may alter the metabolism of estriol in pre-eclamptic patients, during labor.
We determined by trichometry the rate of hair growth in ten hirsute patients receiving a combination of cyproterone acetate (CA) 50 mg/daily and 'Diane' (CA 2 mg + ethinyl oestradiol 0.05 mg). In two patients there was a prompt and persistent reduction in hair growth; in three the response was less marked, and in the remaining five patients the rate of hair growth fluctuated during therapy. However, there was an overall reduction in hair growth in all but one patient during the 12 months of treatment and all patients noticed that their hair became softer, thinner and lighter in colour.