Biomedical subjects

M Kato

Publications and source records attributed to M Kato.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Neurocalcin-immunopositive neurons in the rat sensory ganglia.

Distribution of neurocalcin, a calcium-binding protein having three EF hand motifs, in the rat sensory ganglia was demonstrated immunochemically and immunohistochemically. Immunoblot analysis of trigeminal, nodose and dorsal root ganglia homogenates revealed an immunoreactive band at approximately 24 kDa. Neurons labeled by the neurocalcin-antiserum represent 54%, 41% and 46% cells in the trigeminal, nodose and dorsal root ganglia, respectively. Size distribution of immunopositive cells showed a varying range. Most large cells (more than 80%) showed immunoreactivity in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia. A double immunofluorescent study was performed to determine the colocalization with calbindin D28k or parvalbumin, which are both calcium-binding proteins. In the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia, almost all calbindin- or parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons showed neurocalcin-immunoreactivity, whereas approximately 30-40% neurocalcin-immunopositive cells had calbindin- or parvalbumin-immunoreactivity. In the nodose ganglia, parvalbumin showed localization similar to other ganglia, but about half the calbindin-immunoreactive neurons had neurocalcin-immunoreactivity. These studies show that neurocalcin-immunopositive neurons are widely distributed in the sensory ganglia and most calbindin- or parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons also contain neurocalcin. In the sensory neurons, neurocalcin may have a significant role in calcium signaling.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Identification of a neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin mRNA in human pancreatic cancers using a modified signal sequence trap method.

To identify the intercellular signal-transducing proteins and receptors produced by cancer cells, we attempted to clone cDNAs encoding secreted and type I membrane proteins using a signal sequence trap (SST) method with some modifications. By screening an SST library derived from pancreatic cancer cells, we identified two secretory proteins (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and lung surfactant protein D) and three membrane proteins (carcinoembryonic antigen, BiP/GRP78 and Hsa4 mitochondrion cytochrome oxidase subunit II). NGAL mRNA was expressed in eight of the pancreatic cancer cell lines and eight pancreatic cancer tissues. The expression of NGAL mRNA was also observed in colorectal and hepatic tumors.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗

PubMed1998

A novel ets-related transcription factor, ERT/ESX/ESE-1, regulates expression of the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor.

A 2.5-kilobase cDNA clone that encodes a 371-amino acid novel transcription factor was isolated from a human placenta cDNA library using a yeast one-hybrid system. The novel ets-related transcription factor (ERT) showed a homology with the ETS DNA-binding domain. Using constructs of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor (RII) promoter linked to the luciferase gene, we have demonstrated that ERT activates transcription of the TGF-beta RII gene through the 5'-TTTCCTGTTTCC-3' response element spanning nucleotides +13 to +24 and multiple additional ETS binding sites between -1816 and -82 of the TGF-beta RII promoter. A specific interaction between ERT and the ETS binding sites was also demonstrated using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Deletion mapping of ERT protein suggests that the transactivation domain resides in the amino terminus while the DNA-binding domain is localized to the carboxyl-terminal region. Our results suggest that ERT might be a major transcription factor involved in the transcriptional regulation of the TGF-beta RII gene.

Cloning, Molecular↗

PubMed1998

Involvement of Rabphilin3 in endocytosis through interaction with Rabaptin5.

Rabphilin3 and rabaptin5 are downstream target molecules of the Rab3 and -5 subfamily small G proteins that are implicated in exocytosis and endocytosis, respectively. We examined here the physical and functional relationship between the Rab3-rabphilin3 and Rab5-rabaptin5 systems. Rabphilin3 interacted with rabaptin5 at the N-terminal region (amino acids 1-280), which GTP-Rab3A interacted with. The interaction of rabphilin3 with rabaptin5 was inhibited by guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate-Rab3A. Overexpression of the N-terminal fragment of rabphilin3 (amino acids 1-280) inhibited the receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin, and this inhibition was overcome by co-transfection with a dominant active mutant of Rab3A or rabaptin5 in PC12 and HeLa cells. These results suggest that rabphilin3, free of GTP-Rab3A, regulates endocytosis through interaction with rabaptin5 after rabphilin3 complexed with GTP-Rab3A regulates exocytosis.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗

PubMed1998

Crystallization of a complex between a novel C-terminal transmitter, HPt domain, of the anaerobic sensor kinase ArcB and the chemotaxis response regulator CheY.

The histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) domain at the C-terminus of the anaerobic sensor kinase ArcB has been cocrystallized with the chemotaxis response regulator CheY by a hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. Crystals belong to space group P212121 with unit-cell dimensions a = 55.32, b = 76.29 and c = 83.89 A, with one molecule in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract to 2.7 A resolution. This is the first crystallization of a protein-protein complex formed by a transmitter domain of sensor kinase and a receiver domain of response regulator in the two-component signal-transduction system.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1998

Immunohistochemical and enzyme-histochemical study on the accessory olfactory bulb of the dog.

The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is a primary center of the vomeronasal system. In the dog, the position and morphology of the AOB remained vague for a long time. Recently, the morphological characteristics of the dog AOB were demonstrated by means of lectin-histochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical staining, although the distribution of each kind of neuron, especially granule cells, remains controversial in the dog AOB. In the present study, we examined the distribution of neuronal elements in the dog AOB by means of immunohistochemical and enzyme-histochemical staining. Horizontal paraffin or frozen sections of the dog AOB were immunostained with antisera against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) by avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. In addition, frozen sections were stained enzyme-histochemically for NADPH-diaphorase. In the dog AOB, vomeronasal nerve fibers, glomeruli, and mitral/tufted cells were PGP 9.5-immunopositive. Mitral/tufted cells were observed in the glomerular layer (GL) and the neuronal cell layer (NCL). In the NCL, a small number of NOS-, GAD-, and SP-immunopositive and NADPH-diaphorase positive granule cells were observed. In the GL, GAD-, TH-, and VIP-immunopositive periglomerular cells were observed. In the GL and the NCL, TH-, and VIP-immunopositive short axon cells were also observed. In addition to these neurons, TH- and SP-immunopositive afferent fibers were observed in the GL and the NCL. We could distinctly demonstrate the distribution of neuronal elements in the dog AOB. Since only a small number of granule cells were present in the dog AOB, the dog AOB did not display such a well-developed GCL as observed in the other mammals.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Eosinophil infiltration and degranulation in normal human tissue.

Localization of eosinophil granule major basic protein by immunofluorescence permits recognition of both eosinophil infiltration and degranulation. Over the past decade and a half, our laboratory has shown that eosinophil infiltration and degranulation occur in many diseased tissues in humans; among normal tissues studied as controls, only the gut showed striking eosinophil infiltration and degranulation. Using an indirect immunofluorescence procedure for the detection of major basic protein, we extended our analyses of normal human tissues to include tissues from essentially all body organs; a total of 117 biopsy/autopsy specimens were analyzed. To determine whether the method of tissue procurement affected the level of eosinophil degranulation in the normal gastrointestinal tract, normal proximal jejunum from six patients was biopsied using either an endoscopic forceps or a scalpel at the time of elective surgery and examined by immunofluorescence. Spleen, lymph node, and thymus tissues showed eosinophil infiltration with scant evidence of degranulation, but the only organ showing both eosinophil infiltration and remarkable degranulation was the gastrointestinal tract. Eosinophil degranulation was significantly increased in specimens obtained by endoscopic forceps compared to those obtained by scalpel (P = 0.021). These results indicate that tissue procurement methods affect the degree of eosinophil degranulation in the gut. Thus, among normal human body organs, both eosinophil infiltration and appreciable degranulation consistently occur only in the gut.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Pressure-induced structural rearrangements of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor studied by FTIR spectroscopy.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with resolution enhancement techniques, second-derivative and difference spectroscopies, have been used to characterize pressure-induced changes in the structural rearrangements of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) in D2O solution at 25.0 degrees C. According to the observed changes in the amide I' band up to 550 MPa, the secondary structure elements of BPTI, such as the alpha-helix, 3(10)-helix, beta-sheet, and beta-turn, are scarcely rearranged except for the loop structure of residues of 9-17 and 36-43. The polypeptide backbone is not extensively unfolded up to 550 MPa. The minor pressure-induced structural rearrangements are completely reversible. A further increase in pressure above 1000 MPa associated with the precipitation of BPTI in D2O buffer solution induces the partial structural rearrangements of the alpha-helix, beta-turn and/or 3(10)-helix, and beta-sheet. The polypeptide backbone of BPTI is not fully unfolded even above 1000 MPa. Most of the protected backbone amide protons involved in the beta-sheet remain intact in the pressure range where BPTI is not precipitated, while those involved in the alpha-helix and beta-turn and/or 3(10)-helix are exchanged with solvent deuterons. The protected backbone amide protons located near the surface regions are more easily exchanged with solvent deuterons by application of high pressure than those involved in the core.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Production of genetically modified lysozymes having extreme heat stability and antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria in yeast and in plant.

Hen egg white lysozyme was genetically modified to have extreme heat stability and strong antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria and the modified lysozymes were secreted in yeast and tobacco. Complementary DNA encoding lysozyme was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis to have the Asn-X-Thr(Ser) sequence that is the signal for asparagine-linked glycosylation at the positions 49. The glycosyl lysozyme enhanced heat stability was expressed in the yeast carrying the modified lysozyme cDNA. The expression amount of glycosyl lysozyme was about 10 mg/l of yeast culture medium. Using the same yeast expression system, the lysozyme enhanced antimicrobial action by inserting hydrophobic penta-peptide at the C-terminus were secreted in a small amount (less than 100 micrograms/l in the yeast culture medium). These cDNA constructs of modified lysozymes were engineered into tabacco through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in order to construct antimicrobial plant. The expression of lysozymes was confirmed by the reverse transcriptional PCR, SDS-PAGE analysis and lytic activity of transformants of tobacco. The transformant having the highest lytic activity expressed about 40 micrograms of lysozyme per g of leaf tissue.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1998

A novel human tumor necrosis factor alfa mutein, F4614, inhibits in vitro and in vivo growth of murine and human hepatoma: implication for immunotherapy of human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Although treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has recently improved, most patients still relapse and die from this disease. The development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies for HCC is, therefore, required. A novel mutant protein (mutein) of human tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-alpha mutein F4614, 1SSSRGDSD... 29V ... 155L) was developed to decrease several adverse effects of TNF-alpha. F4614 is known to lack hypotensive effects of human TNF-alpha without losing its anti-tumor effect in mice transplanted with Meth-A sarcoma. Our study investigated the anti-tumor effects of F4614 against hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. F4614 significantly inhibited growth of all four tumor cells in vitro. A murine hepatoma cell line, MH134, when incubated in the presence of F4614, exhibited upregulation of surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and B7-1 molecules, and a decreased proportion of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In addition, F4614 induced apoptosis in a significant number of MH134 cells. TNF-alpha and F4614 (5 microg/mouse daily for 5 days) showed similar anti-tumor activities in syngeneic MH134-bearing mice and heterogeneic PLC/PRF/5-bearing athymic nude mice. Intratumoral injection of F4614 or TNF-alpha was more effective than intravenous injection. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumors treated by F4614 revealed that tumors were surrounded with a large number of Mac-1+ cells and a small number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; that suggests that intratumoral injection of F4614 elicited host immunoreactions. Thus, F4614 may be a new strategy for immunotherapy of HCC.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Immunohistochemical detection of activin A, follistatin, and activin receptors during fracture healing in the rat.

Activins are multifunctional proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and are thought to play an important role in modulating the formation of bone. Activins exert their cellular effects by way of activin type-I and type-II serine/threonine kinase receptors. Follistatin is an activin-binding protein that can suppress the biological effects of activins. In this study, the immunohistochemical expression of activin A, follistatin, and activin receptors was studied during fracture healing in the rat. Activin A was weakly detected in the periosteum near the fracture ends at an early stage but was absent in the chondrocytes around the fracture gap, where endochondral ossification took place. An antibody to follistatin stained osteogenic cells in the periosteum near the fracture ends; moderate and strong staining were observed in proliferating, mature, and hypertrophied chondrocytes at the sites of endochondral ossification. Levels of activin A and follistatin were high near the osteoblasts on the surface of the newly formed trabecular bone. In addition, an intense localization of activin A was noted where multinucleated osteoclast-like cells were present. This study suggests that the activin-follistatin system may contribute to cellular events related to the formation and remodeling of bone during fracture healing. Activin type-I and type-II receptors were co-expressed in intramembranous and endochondral ossification sites. The expression of activin type-I, type-II, and type-IIB receptors in the absence of activin A in the endochondral ossification suggests that other isoforms of activins may signal by way of these receptors.

Activin Receptors↗

PubMed1998

Transition state in the folding of alpha-lactalbumin probed by the 6-120 disulfide bond.

The guanidine hydrochloride concentration dependence of the folding and unfolding rate constants of a derivative of alpha-lactalbumin, in which the 6-120 disulfide bond is selectively reduced and S-carboxymethylated, was measured and compared with that of disulfide-intact alpha-lactalbumin. The concentration dependence of the folding and unfolding rate constants was analyzed on the basis of the two alternative models, the intermediate-controlled folding model and the multiple-pathway folding model, that we had proposed previously. All of the data supported the multiple-pathway folding model. Therefore, the molten globule state that accumulates at an early stage of folding of alpha-lactalbumin is not an obligatory intermediate. The cleavage of the 6-120 disulfide bond resulted in acceleration of unfolding without changing the refolding rate, indicating that the loop closed by the 6-120 disulfide bond is unfolded in the transition state. It is theoretically shown that the chain entropy gain on removing the cross-link from a random coil chain with helical stretches can be comparable to that from an entirely random chain. Therefore, the present result is not inconsistent with the known structure in the molten globule intermediate. Based on this result and other knowledge obtained so far, the structure in the transition state of the folding reaction of alpha-lactalbumin is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Surgical Correction and Prognostic Factors for Ascending Aortic Lesions Involving Coronary Arteries

The prognostic factors following aortic root reconstruction were studied in 19 patients including 13 with annuloaortic ectasia (AAE) and 6 without AAE (non-AAE). The preoperative diagnosis of six non-AAE patients was a dissecting aneurysm in five of the patients and supravalvular aortic stenosis associated with stenosis of the right coronary ostia in one patients. In the AAE group, the Bentall's method was initially selected in 11 patients and the Cabrol's method in the remaining 2 patients. In the non-AAE group, ascending aortic replacement was performed in 4 patients, patch plasty of the ascending aorta in 1 patient, and entry closure in the other patient. In this group, aorto-coronary bypass grafting using a saphenous vein graft was performed in 4 patients, ostioplasty of the right coronary artery (RCA) in 1, and the Bentall's method in 1. During the postoperative acute phase, one AAE patient died of acute myocardial infarction 3 days after surgery; the remaining 18 patients survived. In the follow-up study, 3 patients died of cardiac events which included two cardiac failures and one arrhythmia. The preoperative left ventricular diameter in the end-diastolic phase (LVDd) of 2 AAE patients who died of cardiac failure was 80 mm or larger and the left ventricular function remained unchanged after surgery. One non-AAE patient who underwent RCA ostioplasty suddenly died of arrhythmia. Postanastomotic leakage around the left coronary ostia associated with the patent Cabrol's trick occurred in 1 AAE patient and mitral valve regurgitation occurred in the other non-AAE patient. Reoperation using Cabrol's procedure and mitral valve replacement were performed for these 2 patients, respectively. Preoperative low cardiac function and large LVDd may influence the late results in AAE patients, therefore, earlier operations should be recommended.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

[Transcatheter stent-graft implantation for the treatment of acute aortic dissection--rupture of aneurysm because of perigraft leakage].

An 82-year-old woman was diagnosed as having acute type B aortic dissection. At bed rest, her systolic blood pressure was kept less than 120 mmHg. Four days later the aneurysm threatened to rupture. Because she presented a high operative risk for open-chest surgery, a stent-graft was implanted across the dissection site via transcatheter. The entry site to the aneurysm was closed by the stent-graft, and postoperative aortograph demonstrated that contrast medium did not enter the false lumen except for a trivial projection. A CT scan 6 days after the stent-graft implantation unexpectedly demonstrated the false lumen not only had not thrombosed, but had expanded. As a result, 8 days after the operation the aneurysm ruptured into the left pleural cavity, and the patient died. An autopsy revealed the stent-graft was exactly implanted across the entry site, but that the diameter of the graft was slightly larger than that of the aorta. Consequently, a portion of the rim of the graft had been wraped after implantation, causing perigraft leakage. Leakage is one of the gravest complications of the stent-graft implantation, to prevent it, a new design for stent-graft device is essential.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1998

Molecular phylogenetic inference of the woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius, based on complete sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S ribosomal RNA genes.

Complete sequences of cytochrome b (1,137 bases) and 12S ribosomal RNA (961 bases) genes in mitochondrial DNA were successfully determined from the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), African elephant (Loxodonta africana), and Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). From these sequence data, phylogenetic relationships among three genera were examined. Molecular phylogenetic trees reconstructed by the neighbor-joining and the maximum parsimony methods provided an identical topology both for cytochrome b and 12S rRNA genes. These results support the "Mammuthus-Loxodonta" clade, which is contrary to some previous morphological reports that Mammuthus is more closely related to Elephas than to Loxodonta.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Studies of 13C-urea breath test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan.

In recent years Helicobacter pylori infection has been implicated in the etiology of a variety of upper gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this multi-center trial was to search for the cut-off value of the simple 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) for diagnosis of H. pylori infection, and to examine the sensitivity and specificity of 13C-UBT for culture, the rapid urease test (CLO test), histology, and serological tests. Two hundred and forty-eight patients participated in this study after giving their informed consent. Endoscopic biopsy specimens were taken from gastric antrum and corpus for culture (190 patients), CLO test (222 patients), and histology (98 patients). A serological test was carried out for all patients. H. pylori infection was established when culture was positive or more than two of the tests, histology, CLO test, and serological test, were positive, and non-infection status was established when the all tests more than two tests were negative. After baseline breath samples were taken, the patients (who had fasted) were given 100mg of 13C-urea in 100ml water while sitting; they washed out the mouth with water. They were then placed in the left lateral decubitus position for 5 min, and additional breath samples were taken 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min after urea administration, with patients in the sitting position. One hundred and sixty-five of the 248 patients were infected, 48 were not infected, and H. pylori infection status was not evaluated in 35 by endoscopic and serological tests. Breath samples at 20 min were employed to determine the cut-off value. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, we determined the cut-off value for a positive UBT at 2.5 delta per thousand. The sensitivities of UBT for culture, CLO test, histology, and serological test were 98.4%, 98.6%, 100.0%, and 92.5%, and the specificities were 78.8%, 82.5%, 83.3%, and 87.3%, respectively. The cut-off value of 13C-UBT for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection was 2.5 delta per thousand; this test is a simple and noninvasive method for the diagnosis of this infection and has high sensitivity and specificity.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Involvement of reactive oxygen species, protein kinase C, and tyrosine kinase in prostaglandin E2 production in Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells by quinolone phototoxicity.

We examined the effect of an antioxidant and protein kinase inhibitors on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells induced by quinolone phototoxicity. Simultaneous administration of sparfloxacin (SPFX) or lomefloxacin (LFLX) at 12.5 to 100 microM and ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation for 10 min markedly elevated PGE2 concentration in the incubation medium, whereas levofloxacin (LVFX) at concentrations up to 100 microM and UVA irradiation did not increase PGE2 concentration. Pretreatment with 100 microM pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an antioxidant, or 1 microM calphostin C, a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), completely inhibited the elevation of PGE2 in the 24-h incubation medium; pretreatment with 10 microM H7, a cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase, and PKC or 1 microM herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibited the PGE2 elevation by 29 to 39%. Conversely, 25 nM staurosporine significantly augmented the PGE2 elevation by quinolones plus UVA. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) were not detected in the incubation medium of 3T3 cells after quinolone plus UVA, corresponding to the lack of effect of antibodies against IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha on PGE2 release from 3T3 cells. These results suggest that PGE2 production in 3T3 cells by quinolone phototoxicity is modulated by reactive oxygen species, PKC, and tyrosine kinase, but not by IL-1 or TNFalpha.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed1998

Effects of a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, alacepril, on changes in neurohormonal factors and arterial baroreflex sensitivity in patients with congestive heart failure.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with heart failure have abnormal neurohormonal regulation during orthostatic stress, and abnormal arterial baroreflex function. This study investigated the effects of alacepril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with sulfhydryls, on changes in neurohormonal factors during tilt and on the arterial baroreflex control of heart rate. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline, renin activity, angiotensin II, and atrial natriuretic peptide were measured at supine rest and after 30 degrees head-up tilt with measurements of central venous pressure and cardiac dimensions in seven patients with congestive heart failure (65 years, ejection fraction = 34%). Arterial baroreflex control of heart rate was assessed by phenylephrine bolus. The arterial baroreflex test was re-examined 3 h after oral alacepril (37.5 mg). The tilt and arterial baroreflex tests were repeated 12 weeks after alacepril treatment (50 mg x day(-1)). RESULTS: Heart rate, blood pressure, and neurohormonal factors did not differ before and after chronic alacepril, except for a trend toward an increase in renin activity (2.0 vs 4.9 ng x ml(-1) x h(-1)). Head-up tilt decreased central venous pressure (-2.5 mmHg) with a decrease in cardiac dimensions in the pre-alacepril phase. These changes were accompanied by increases in noradrenaline, adrenaline, and angiotensin II and a decrease in atrial natriuretic peptide. After chronic alacepril, the increase in noradrenaline during head-up tilt tended to be smaller (84 vs 30 pg x ml(-1)), with similar changes in central venous pressure (-3.4 mmHg) and cardiac dimensions. Both acute (3.6 vs 4.8 ms mmHg(-1)) and chronic (3.6 vs 6.7 ms mmHg(-1)) alacepril treatment was associated with a trend towards an increase in the arterial baroreflex control of heart rate. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that treatment with alacepril may cause a reduction of sympathetic activation during orthostatic stress and may enhance arterial baroreflex function in patients with mild to moderate heart failure.

Aged↗