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Biomedical subjects

M Katayama

Publications and source records attributed to M Katayama.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Biodistributions of 201Tl in tumor bearing animals and inflammatory lesion induced animals.

The accumulation of 201Tl in tumor and inflammatory tissues were small. However, this nuclide showed a high concentration in viable tumor tissue, less in connective tissue (containing inflammatory tissue), and was not seen in necrotic tumor tissue regardless of the time after administration of 201Tl(I)-chloride. In inflammatory lesions, 201Tl accumulated in subcutaneous tissue infiltrated with neutrophils and macrophages, and quite large amounts of this nuclide were accumulated in subcutaneous tissue and sites where neutrophils were crowded. Most 201Tl existed in a free form in the fluid of tumor and inflammatory tissues regardless of the time after administration. A small amount of this nuclide was localized in the nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions in these tissues, and the nuclide was bound to protein in these fractions. The distribution of 201Tl(III)-chloride in tumor bearing animals was essentially the same as that of 201Tl(I)-chloride.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Saccadic eye-movements of children with cerebral palsy.

Oculomotor disorders are frequently observed in cerebral-palsied children, and are thought to contribute to impairment of verbal as well as non-verbal skills. The authors present the first quantitative analysis of saccadic eye-movements of these children, choosing those with normal verbal IQ but evidence of a learning disability. A majority showed various abnormalities of saccadic eye-movements and these should be taken into account when evaluating and treating children with cerebral palsy.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1987

Accumulation of galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) in the twitcher mouse: determination by HPLC.

We developed a sensitive and simple procedure for determination of galactosylsphingosine (psychosine), using HPLC. The method involved extraction of lipids, separation by cation-exchange and C18 reverse-phase columns, and derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde. The fluorescent galactosylsphingosine was detected by HPLC. The amount of galactosylsphingosine was accurately assayed by simultaneous determination of glucosylsphingosine, as the internal standard. The detection limit was 0.5 ng/assay tube, and the quantitative range of the method was up to 750 ng. This procedure was applied to tissue from the twitcher mouse, an animal model of human globoid cell leukodystrophy, as well as tissue from normal and carrier mice. In the latter mice, a small amount of galactosylsphingosine was detected in the spinal cord (21.6-37.2 ng/100 mg wet weight) but not in the cerebrum and sciatic nerve. Marked accumulation of galactosylsphingosine was noted in the nervous tissues of the twitcher strain, even on postnatal day 4. The concentration of galactosylsphingosine was greater in the peripheral than in central nervous tissues. The spinal cord and brainstem contained more galactosylsphingosine than did the cerebrum and cerebellum. The concentration increased with age from 764 ng/100 mg in the sciatic nerve at 4 days to 5,910 ng/100 mg at 37 days. These data correlate well with the pathological changes; tissues containing higher concentrations of galactosylsphingosine show earlier and more severe pathological changes than those containing lower concentrations, thereby indicating the close link of galactosylsphingosine to the pathogenesis of the twitcher mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of hypothalamic lesions on lymphocyte subsets in mice.

This study investigated the time course of the dynamics of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of mice, after bilateral lesions were made at anterior, middle and posterior sites in the hypothalamus of the mice, using a stereotaxic technique. Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by using monoclonal antibodies specific to cell surface markers and a laser flow cytometry system. The results indicate that the anterior and posterior parts of the hypothalamus seem to play a role in immunomodulation of both helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. The middle part of the hypothalamus is considered to be the site of a control mechanism in the immune regulation of T and B lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetical, bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef in the pediatric field].

Pharmacokinetical, bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new cephem antibiotic, were conducted in the pediatric field. 1. Mean drug concentrations in the blood after intravenous one shot injection of FMOX 20 mg/kg to 5 children (aged 5-8 years) were 39.7 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour, 24.1 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour, 12.2 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 4.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 1.1 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 0.3 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean half-life in blood was 0.65 hour. Mean concentrations in urine was 3,558 micrograms/ml during 0-2 hours after intravenous injection, 568 micrograms/ml during 2-4 hours, and 117 micrograms/ml during 4-6 hours. The mean 6-hour urinary recovery rate was 72.8%. 2. Clinically, FMOX was administered to 32 children (5 months to 9 years) with infections, i.e. 29 with pneumonia, 1 each with acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent lymphadenitis and cellulitis. The treatment was excellent in 24 cases and good in 8. Thus, the efficacy rate was 100%. 3. The bacteriological effect of FMOX was investigated using 11 clinical isolates which were considered to be causative organisms, i.e. 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 8 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 1 strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Except one strain (H. influenzae) which was just decreased, all the bacteria were eliminated. 4. No side effect was found at all. As abnormal laboratory findings, elevation of GOT was found in 1 case, thrombocytosis in 2, and eosinophilia in 1 but all the changes were slight and were normalized by the time of re-examination. The above results suggest that FMOX is a useful and safe drug for the pediatric practice just as in the adult field.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[Assessment of functional status in children with brain tumors].

Thirty children treated for brain tumors between 1978-1985 at Kurume university hospital were evaluated for alternation in intellectual, emotional, and social function. They were 15 males and 15 females, aged 3 to 16 years, on the averaged 1.7 years after treatment. Twenty-eight children had no neurological deficits and 2 children had slight neurological deficits. It was possible for twenty-eight children to be evaluated for intelligence quotient by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-revised and Tanaka-Binet. The median score and standard deviation of intelligence quotient (IQ) test in children with brain tumors were as follows; verbal IQ: 84 +/- 16, performance IQ: 77 +/- 20, full scale IQ: 80 +/- 20. There children with brain tumors obtained significant low IQ scores than children (t-test, P less than 0.01). Twenty-one (72%) children showed subnormal IQ scores (IQ less than 90) and 7 children showed normal IQ scores (IQ greater than or equal to 90). Concerning social and emotional function, twelve children (45.7%) showed abnormal behaviour. The median scores and standard deviation of IQ scores in cranial irradiated patients were as follows; verbal IQ: 79 +/- 13, performance IQ: 71 +/- 15, full scale IQ: 71 +/- 14. Especially, ten of twelve cranial irradiated patients showed subnormal IQ scores. Also, cranial irradiated patients obtained significant low IQ scores than non-cranial irradiated patients (t-test, P less than 0.05). Serial evaluation of three cranial irradiated patients revealed further deterioration without recurrence of tumor and hydrocephalus, The results are discussed to: (1) the effects and mechanism of cranial irradiation on cognitive development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefuzonam in pediatrics].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were conducted to evaluate cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new cephem type antibiotic, in the pediatric field. A total of 9 pediatric patients (2-14 years) was treated with intravenous injection of CZON: 4 cases with one shot of 20 mg/kg, 2 cases with one shot of 40 mg/kg and 3 cases with drip infusion over 1 hour of 40 mg/kg. CZON concentrations in serum and the excretion in urine were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON after one shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 49.0, 22.7, 9.03, 2.13, 0.37, and 0.09 micrograms/ml at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. With 40 mg/kg one shot intravenous injections, mean serum concentrations were 117.5, 68.0, 26.2, 8.80, 0.63 and 0.19 micrograms/ml at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. With 40 mg/kg intravenous drip infusions over 1 hour, mean concentrations were 57.1, 78.8, 12.9, 1.12 and 0.23 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. Mean half-lives were 0.69 hour for 20 mg/kg one shot injections, 0.44 hour for 40 mg/kg one shot injections, and 0.58 hour for 40 mg/kg 1 hour drip infusions. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hour after administration were 70.8% (mean) for the 20 mg/kg one shot injection, 44.1% (1 case) for the 40 mg/kg one shot injection, and 60.0% (mean) for the 40 mg/kg 1 hour drip infusion. CZON was administered in 26 cases of pediatric infections, and the clinical efficacy, antibacterial activity, and side effects were evaluated. Of the 26 cases 2 were excluded for the reason of not having bacterial infection, and the remaining 24 cases were assessed. Included in the 24 cases were 16 cases of acute pneumonia, 2 cases of acute purulent lymphadenitis, and 1 case each of acute bronchitis, acute purulent otitis media, acute apical periodontitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), acute pyelonephritis, and acute enteritis. Clinical efficacy evaluation showed 19 excellent cases and 5 good cases, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus 1 strain, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 strain, beta-Streptococcus 1 strain, Haemophilus influenzae 10 strains, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 1 strain, Proteus mirabilis 1 strain, and Campylobacter jejuni 1 strain were determined or assumed as pathogens, but all of them were eradicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Anatomical studies on the biliary tree of the caudate lobe using an endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram].

The purpose of this study is to clarify positional relationship between the bile duct of the caudate lobe and the bile duct of the hepatic hilum through endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram (ERC). Until December 1984 all 100 ERC that met the following three conditions were studied which at Yachio Hospital. 1. The first cholangiogram. 2. Without obstructive jaundice. 3. No existence of lesion at the hepatic hilum. Bile duct of the caudate lobe were classified into 4 separate types: 1) Ducts from the cranialis of the right caudate lobe which pass via the inferior vena cava to the hepatic hilum named Blr, were confirmed in 32. 2) Ducts from the cranialis of the left caudate lobe to the hepatic hilum named Bl l s, were confirmed in 19. 3) Ducts from the left lateral part of the left caudate lobe to the hepatic hilum named Bl l i were confirmed in 37. 4) Ducts from the caudate process to the hepatic hilum named Blc, were confirmed in 5. One or more of the above bile ducts were confirmed in 53 cases. All four of the above were confirmed in only 2 cases out of 53 cases. Three were confirmed in 7 out of 53 cases, two were confirmed in 20 cases out of 53 cases and one was confirmed in 24 out of 53 cases. Studies for the bile duct of the caudate lobe have been conducted anatomically, but there has been no research by clinical examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗
PubMed1986

4-Methoxyindole derivatives as nitrosable precursors of mutagens in Chinese cabbage.

Two indole compounds isolated from fresh Chinese cabbage were shown to be mutagen precursors that yielded direct-acting mutagens on treatment with nitrite. They were identified as 4-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile and 4-methoxy-indole-3-aldehyde. When these compounds were treated with 50 mM nitrite at pH 3.0 for 1 h at 37 degrees C, 4-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile induced 31,800 and 10,000 revertants of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98, respectively, per mg of mutagen precursor in the absence of S9 mix, and 4-methoxyindole-3-aldehyde induced 156,900 revertants of TA100 and 26,800 revertants of TA98 per mg in the absence of S9 mix.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1986

Comparative lipophilicities of substrates of monoamine oxidase.

Oil/water partition coefficients of various substrates of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and kinetic parameters of MAO-A and -B of rat liver at two pH values, pH 7 and pH 9, were investigated. Octanol, heptane or benzene were chosen for the oil phases. The deamination of the biogenic amines 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), tyramine, 2-phenethylamine (PEA) and benzylamine was studied at pH 7 and pH 9. Results indicated all four substrates were very hydrophilic, and the oil/water partition coefficients of benzylamine and PEA were higher than those of 5-HT and tyramine. The changes in Km and Vmax values at pH 7 and pH 9 indicated that the affinities of MAO-A towards 5-HT and tyramine slightly increased at pH 9 and those of MAO-B towards tyramine and benzylamine also increased at pH 9, while uncharged amines at pH 9 amounted to about a hundred times of those at pH 7. It is concluded that the mitochondrial MAO bound to the membrane may metabolize charged molecules as well as uncharged counterparts.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Magnetocardiographic P waves in normal subjects and patients with mitral stenosis.

The P wave of the magnetocardiogram (MCG) was investigated in normal subjects and patients with mitral stenosis to determine its characteristics in normal conditions and left atrial overloading (LAO) and to analyze atrial activation by a magnetic field. In normal subjects, the MCG P wave was negative in left parasternal sites and positive in right lower sternal sites. The current source deduced from the MCG pattern and isomagnetic map was directed inferiorly and to the left through the entire phase of atrial activation, suggesting that in most normal cases the P wave reflects right atrial activity. In patients with mitral stenosis, a negative-positive biphasic P wave was seen more frequently than in normal subjects in left parasternal sites (p less than 0.005). In the late phase of atrial activation, the current source deduced from the isomagnetic map was shifted superiorly and to the left, suggesting an increased leftward force due to LAO. The MCG was similar in sensitivity to the ECG, for diagnosis of LAO, but in a few cases LAO could be detected from the MCG but not the ECG. These findings suggest that the MCG is clinically useful for diagnosis of LAO.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Three cases of lung cancer with bulla].

We present three cases of lung cancer with bulla, which were preoperatively detected by TBLB or brushing cytology. Case 1:55 year-old man. Large-cell carcinoma of the right upper lobe. A giant bulla had been observed eight years earlier. The carcinoma protruded into the bulla just like a pedunculated polyp. Case 2: 67-year-old woman. Adenocarcinoma with severe fibrosis adjoined to the bulla of the right upper lobe. Case 3: 63-year-old man. Adenocarcinoma surrounding the central margin of the subpleural giant bula of the right lower lobe. We also discussed the clinical and pathological problems of lung cancer with bullous disease.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1986

[Studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of pediatrics].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem (MK-0787)/cilastatin sodium (MK-0791), a combined drug of carbapenem antibiotics (MK-0787) and renal depeptidase inhibitor (MK-0791) in a 1:1 ratio, were performed in the field of pediatrics. Absorption and excretion Serum levels and urinary excretion of MK-0787/MK-0791 were determined in 7 children aged 4 to 11 years. Four cases were administered with a single dose of MK-0787/MK-0791 at 10 mg/10 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion and the other 3 cases were given a single dose of 20 mg/20 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of MK-0787 reached their peaks at the end of drip infusion where the mean level was 17.5 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml for the group given 10 mg/10 mg/kg, and 43.6 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml for the group given 20 mg/20 mg/kg. Concentrations decreased with half-lives of 0.82 +/- 0.10 hour and 0.74 +/- 0.04 hour for the low and high doses, respectively, and serum levels at 6 hours after administration were 0.3 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml and 0.4 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml, respectively. Peak concentrations of MK-0791 were 22.6 +/- 4.8 micrograms/ml in the 10 mg/10 mg/kg group and 52.9 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml in the 20 mg/20 mg/kg group at the end of the drip infusion. Half-lives were 0.56 +/- 0.17 hour and 0.46 +/- 0.11 hour for the 2 doses, respectively while MK-0791 levels were below detection limit at 6 hours after administration. Mean urinary recovery rates in 6 hours after administration were 54.0 +/- 15.3% and 49.3 +/- 7.8% for MK-0787 and MK-0791, respectively, in the group of 10 mg/10 mg/kg, and 62.0 +/- 7.4% and 65.3 +/- 9.2%, respectively, in the group of 20 mg/20 mg/kg. These results showed that pharmacokinetics of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in children were similar to that in adults. Clinical study MK-0787/MK-0791 was used for treatment in a total of 22 pediatric patients to evaluate clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse reactions. Each of patients was treated 3 or 4 times per day at a single dose of 11.4-22.8 mg/kg (of MK-0787). Duration of treatment ranged from 2.5 to 18 days and total doses ranged from 1.36 to 19.92 g. Clinical efficacy in cases including 2 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 1 with acute purulent otitis media, 9 with acute pneumonia, 1 with pythorax, 3 with acute purulent lymphadenitis, and 6 with acute pyelonephritis were judged excellent in 20 cases and good in 2 cases; an efficacy rate of 100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗