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Biomedical subjects

M Kasai

Publications and source records attributed to M Kasai.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Monitoring of B lymphocyte response with the protein-A plaque assay in kidney transplant patients.

The protein-A plaque assay was used for serial monitoring of spontaneous plaque-forming lymphocytes (PFC) in blood or thoracic duct lymph of 30 renal transplant patients. In patients experiencing early or delayed graft rejection, PFC manifested a 10-fold increase over the preoperative or control level within one month of the transplantation. Patients accepting the renal graft did not exhibit a remarkable PFC response. Among the factors examined (proportion of B cells, donor source, acute tubular necrosis, intraoperative blood transfusion, antilymphocyte serum, histocompatibility, and rejection), the PFC response was most closely related to graft rejection. Changes in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) did not appear to correlate with the PFC response. By using Ig-class-specific antisera, secreted Ig was identified as IgG, IgM, and IgA. This may indicate that renal grafts induce polyclonal activation of the recipient's B cells.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1983

Protective effect of sucrose on the survival of mouse and rat embryos stored at 0 degree C.

Mouse and rat embryos were stored at 0 degree C for 24-120 h in PBS containing sucrose. Higher proportions of mouse morulae developed into expanded blastocysts in culture when they were stored in 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75 M-sucrose than in 0, 0.1 or 1.0 M-sucrose. The greatest survival rates were obtained with 0.75 M-sucrose when examined after 48 (72%), 72 (62%) and 96 (41%) h of storage. No rat morulae developed after storage at 0 degree C for 24 h in PBS, but when 0.5 or 0.75 M-sucrose was added to the storage medium, 50-68% of embryos developed into blastocysts in culture, the proportions decreasing until they reached 15-21% after 120 h of storage. Mouse and rat embryos stored at 0 degree C for 3-4 days were transferred to recipients, and 2/2 mice and 1/2 rats delivered full-term young. When mouse embryos stored in 0.75 M-sucrose were frozen to -196 degrees C or when freshly collected frozen-thawed embryos were stored at 0 degree C, embryonic survival was improved when the embryos were incubated for 1-6 h between the two treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A new cell line (TE-3) derived from human squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

A new epithelial cell line (TE-3) has been established from a metastatic lesion at the right chest wall which was originated from a well differentiated human squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. TE-3 has been subcultured more than 150 times for 3 years and 1 month. Cultured cells have grown as isolated colonies of epithelial cells. The average doubling time of the TE-3 cell line was 48 hr and the plating efficiency was 10 to 40% in MEM supplemented with 8% fetal calf serum. Distinctive marker chromosomes and a male karyotype were present in TE-3. Electron microscopic examination of the TE-3 cells disclosed the presence of desmosomes and microvilli in connection of the cells which were rich in cell organelles. In early passages of culture, the cytoplasm of cells was slightly positive with PAS stain but negative with Sudan III or mucicarmin stain. Heterotransplantation of the culture cells to BALB/c nude mice produced tumors, the histological appearance of which was similar to that of the original one. The carcinoembryonic antigen level of the medium in the confluent culture of TE-3 was 2 ng/10(4) cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Persistence of impaired PRL responses to sulpiride in patients with PRL secreting pituitary adenomas after successful hypophysectomy.

TRH, arginine, L-dopa, and sulpiride tests for PRL secretion were carried out in 18 control subjects and 20 patients with pituitary PRL-secreting adenomas before and after hypophysectomy. After the hypophysectomy PRL levels fell to normal ranges in 9 cases (categorized as Group I), and remained high in 11 other cases (categorized as Group II). After the operation, there were no alterations of PRL responsiveness to TRH, arginine, or to L-dopa in terms of percent change from the basal value, in either Group I or Group II. No significant differences were found in PRL responses to the above three agents between operated Group I patients and normal subjects even when expressed in absolute values. On the other hand, the PRL responses to sulpiride in both Groups I and II improved markedly after the hypophysectomy, but the absolute response in operated Group I patients was still lower than that in normal subjects. The mean PRL value in operated Group I (mean +/- S.E., 13.2 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, n = 9) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than in normal subjects (5.1 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, n = 18). It is concluded 1) that even in hypophysectomized normoprolactinemic patients the circulating PRL may originate mainly from the residual tumor cells, and 2) that the sulpiride test is useful to detect the abnormalities of hypothalamo-pituitary axis in operated patients with PRL-secreting adenomas, whereas TRH, arginine, and L-dopa tests are less useful for such purposes.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

[Biological characteristics and the surgical indications in organ metastasis of esophageal cancer patients].

Indications of surgical therapy for esophageal cancer patients with metastasis are limited. The reasons are as follows: patients undergoing radical surgery can not tolerate further surgery for metastatic tumors which ordinarily appear in major organs within two years (85% of cases) after the first surgery. Moreover, such tumors are originally malignant and no satisfactory results have been obtained by use of surgical procedures. One patient survived 11 years after such surgery for brain metastasis which occurred one year after the first operation for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. The few cases which may possibly benefit from surgical treatment for metastatic tumors are indicated by the DNA histogram patterns, degrees of vascular invasion and round cell infiltration of the tumor tissues in the primary lesions, and the grade of sinus histiocytosis in regional nodes. The vascular structure of human esophageal cancers transplantable to nude mice is variable and shows sinusoid like pattern. The diameters of cells of human esophageal cell lines range from 14 to 23 mu and are larger than the caliber of the capillary. Five of 9 cell lines have an effect on platelet aggregation, in contrast to normal cells which have no such effect. Seven of 9 cell lines show the dominant effect of procoagulant activity of cultured cells. The value of cAMP in cells is in reverse correlation to the sialic acid in those cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Establishment and characterization of a differentiating myeloid cell line obtained from a rat myelomonocytic leukemia.

A long-term suspension culture line (c-WRT-7) was successfully established from a transplantable myelomonocytic leukemia induced by a neonatal injection of Rauscher leukemia virus in a WKA/Hok rat. A c-WRT-7 cell line was capable of being transplanted into syngeneic rats, and when transplanted, increased numbers of macrophage-like cells were observed in the peripheral blood of rats after i.v. injection. In in vitro culture, about 10% of the c-WRT-7 cells naturally differentiated into macrophage-like cells, which adhered to the bottom of a culture flask, and also possessed phagocytic activity. By means of cytological examination, about 30% of the c-WRT-7 cells were observed to be monoblastic with alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity. The nature of these c-WRT-7 cells as a myelomonocytic leukemia line was constant during in vitro passages of more than 30 generations. In vitro treatment of c-WRT-7 cells with lipopolysaccharide, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, or retinoic acid increased the numbers of differentiated cells with phagocytic activity to 80%. Treatment of the c-WRT-7 cells with the inducers also induced 15 to 20% of the cells to differentiate into metamyelocytes and segmented neutrophils. The Fc receptor and the complement receptor both became detectable on the surface of c-WRT-7 cells after treatment with lipopolysaccharide, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, or retinoic acid. However, rosette-forming activity of sheep erythrocytes pretreated with neuraminidase which has been known as a marker of normal rat macrophages was not induced in c-WRT-7 cells. This shows that differentiated leukemic cells are not exactly identical with normal macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Analysis of cell surface antigens expressed on a human lung carcinoma by monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with a human lung squamous carcinoma line (UCLA-SO-P3) or with freshly obtained lung carcinoma cells and by fusing the immunized splenocytes to mouse myeloma S194. Six monoclonal antibodies were selected after testing the reactivity to a panel of human tumors and non-tumors by an indirect 125I-protein A binding assay, a complement dependent microcytotoxicity assay or an immunofluorescence assay. As a result, four types of antigens were identified. MoAb 169D4 is of IgM class and reacted only to P3 lung carcinoma and to one of the colon carcinomas. This antibody actually possessed the A1 Lewis d specificity. MoAb 172D5 reacted to 8 out of 11 carcinomas but did not react to other types of tumor or lymphoid cells while detecting a carcinoma-associated antigen. MoAb 170C5, 754A3 and 806B4 reacted to carcinomas and embryonic cells, but detected antigenic determinants other than the carcinoembryonic antigen. By means of a protein antigen analysis using immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, MoAb 170C5, 754A3 and 806B4 detected molecular weights of 130,000, 55,000, and 135,000, respectively. MoAb 169F3 reacted to all the tested carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanomas, and some of the leukemias. This antibody also reacted to human peripheral monocytes and platelets and was shown to detect an antigen widely distributed among tumors and parts of normal cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

[Genesis and extension of intraductal papillomas of the breast--a three-dimensional morphological study].

Graphic reconstruction of semi-serially sectioned breast specimens allowed a three-dimensional observation of intraductal proliferative lesions and their growth characteristics. Ten surgical specimens with intraductal papillomas obtained by microdochectomy were subjected to this study, and the primary site and extending behavior of papillomas were analysed. The results indicated: (1) In seven out of the ten cases papillomas appeared to arise from terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) as multiple foci three-dimensionally independent of each other. (2) Secondary ductal involvement by multiple papillomas attained to as far as subsegmental or segmental level. (3) On the other hand solitary papilloma arose from segmental duct without involving TDLU. (4) Both solitary and multiple papillomas transformed and distorted the duct system while sustaining its basically arborescent pattern. (5) Duct papillomatosis, situated within TDLU, was often proved to be connected with multiple papillomas in more proximal ducts, and therefore was regarded as a prepapillomatous lesion. (6) Retention cysts associated with multiple papillomas were accounted for by intraductal proliferations obstructing outflow tracts.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Role of natural killer cells against tumor growth in nude mice--a brief review.

To determine the in vivo function of natural killer (NK) cells against tumor development, we used nude mice deprived of NK activity by injection of anti-asialo GM1. We present here the enhancement of transplanted tumor growth in such mice and discuss the role of NK cells in the tumor-host system based on our recent studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Inhibition of a voltage-dependent cation channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by caesium studied by using a potential-sensitive cyanine dye.

The effect of caesium on the cation transport system in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles has been analysed kinetically through Tris+ influx. The Tris+ influx was measured by following the change in K+ diffusion potential due to the mutual diffusion between K+ and Tris+ in the presence of valiomycin using a potential probe; 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide. The main results were as follows. (1) Tris+ influx increased when membrane potential became inside-negative. This suggests that Tris+ permeates through the channel which has a voltage-dependent gate. (2) Cs+ reacted with the cation transport system only from the outside of the vesicle and inhibited Tris+ influx. The inhibition follows a single-site titration curve with a voltage-dependent dissociation constant of 18 mM at -60 mV. The inhibition can be explained by assuming that Cs+ binds to a site located about 45% of the way through the membrane from the outside of the vesicle in the open state of the channel. These results are in good agreement with those reported by Coronado and Miller (Coronado, R. and Miller, C. (1979) Nature 288, 495-497), which were gained electrically by using sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles incorporated into an artificial planar phospholipid bilayer.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of the Ca2+-gated cation channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.

Two types of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles, i.e., normal (NSR) and heavy (HSR), were prepared by using a centrifugation technique, and further characterization of the cation transport in the two types of SR vesicles was performed by measuring the choline influx. The choline influx in SR vesicles was measured by following the change in light scattering intensity using a stopped flow apparatus. Analysis of the choline influx gave the following results. (1) There exists a Ca2+-gated cation channel in SR vesicles other than the K+-selective, voltage-dependent cation channel. The Ca2+-gated cation channel was activated by both extravesicular Ca2+ and caffeine, and inhibited by procaine and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. (2) About 70% of the HSR vesicles have Ca2+-gated cation channels, whereas only 20% of NSR vesicles have these channels. On the other hand, 60% of HSR vesicles also have the voltage-gated cation channels and 80% of NSR vesicles have these channels. On the basis of various properties of the Ca2+-gated cation channel, it is suggested that this channel must be the one which mediates the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Kinetics of the actions of caffeine and procaine on the Ca2+-gated cation channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.

The effects of caffeine and procaine on the Ca2+-gated cation channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles were studied by measuring choline influx. The choline influx in SR vesicles was measured by following the change in light scattering intensity using a stopped flow apparatus. From the kinetic analysis of the rate of choline influx, the following results were obtained. (1) The rate of choline influx was enhanced when Ca2+ bound to the Ca2+-receptor site of the Ca2+-gated cation channel. (2) Caffeine enhanced the choline influx by increasing only the affinity of Ca2+ for the receptor site of the channel and thus regulated the equilibrium between open and closed states of the channel. The affinity increased about 14-fold upon caffeine binding. The dissociation constant of caffeine was 10 mM. (3) In contrast, procaine itself blocked the choline influx mediated by the Ca2+-gated cation channel. The blockade followed a single-site titration curve with a Ca2+-dependent dissociation constant of 0.44 mM at 2 x 10(-6) M Ca2+. The Ca2+-dependence was explained by assuming that procaine would bind to the inhibitory site only when the channel was open. (4) Procaine also inhibited the choline influx enhanced by caffeine. The blockade could be explained on the basis of the above kinetic model.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparative analysis of cell surface markers on murine NK cells and CTL target-effector conjugates.

The rosetting of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) coated with non-haemagglutinating monoclonal antibodies rather than conventional haemagglutinating antisera revealed readily detectable FcR on most splenic natural killer (NK) cells since 76% of splenic lymphocytes forming conjugates with YAC also rosetted with SRBC coated with high concentrations of monoclonal anti-SRBC antibody of the IgG2b subclass and since Ficoll depletion or enrichment of splenic lymphocytes rosetting with IgG2b-coated SRBC resulted in a corresponding 4-fold decrease or increase in conjugate-forming cells and a 10-fold decrease or increase in NK cytolytic activity. NK cells bound much less readily to monoclonal IgG2a and not at all to monoclonal IgG1 or IgM, but the degree of binding was directly proportional to the amount of antibody on the erythrocytes and was not isotope-restricted. In addition, immunofluorescent studies revealed that YAC-1-conjugated lymphocytes were Lyt-1-, Lyt-2-, partially Thy-1+ (60%), asialo(GM1+ (80%). Qa-4+ (77%), Qa-5+ (79%), and Ly-5+ (94%). In comparison, a proportion (39%) of alloimmune peritoneal exudate cells which conjugated with P815-2 also stained by immunofluorescence with anti-asialo GM1 antisera. Most (greater than 90%) P815-conjugated cells were Thy-1+, Lyt-2%, and a subpopulation of Lyt-1+2+ conjugates was observed (25%). Qa-5 and Ly-5 were also expressed on most (two-thirds) cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) conjugates, whereas Qa-4 and FcR for IgG2b were not detected. The best phenotype distinctions between NK cells and CTL were therefore based on the presence or absence of Lyt-2, Qa-4, and FcR for IgG2b on most effector cells. Anti-asialo-GM1 or monoclonal anti-Qa-4 and complement treatment greatly diminished both the frequency of NK conjugates and the percentage of conjugates with detectable IgG2b FcR or asialo-GM1. These results confirm that NK cells co-express asialo-GM1 and Fc receptors, at the single-cell level, and provide a simple method for greatly enriching NK populations at least 10-fold.

Animals↗